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Khazaeli M, Nunes ACF, Zhao Y, Khazaeli M, Prudente J, Vaziri ND, Singh B, Lau WL. Tetrahydrocurcumin Add-On therapy to losartan in a rat model of diabetic nephropathy decreases blood pressure and markers of kidney injury. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2023; 11:e01079. [PMID: 36971089 PMCID: PMC10041385 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetrahydrocurcumin (THC), a principal metabolite of curcumin, was tested in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. THC was administered via daily oral gavage with the lipid carrier polyenylphosphatidylcholine (PPC) as add-on therapy to losartan (angiotensin receptor blocker) to examine effects on kidney oxidative stress and fibrosis. A combination of unilateral nephrectomy, high-fat diet and low-dose streptozotocin was used to induce diabetic nephropathy in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals with fasting blood glucose >200 mg/dL were randomized to PPC, losartan, THC + PPC or THC + PPC + losartan. Untreated chronic kidney disease (CKD) animals had proteinuria, decreased creatinine clearance, and evidence of kidney fibrosis on histology. THC + PPC + losartan treatment significantly lowered blood pressure concurrent with increased messenger RNA levels of antioxidant copper-zinc-superoxide dismutase and decreased protein kinase C-α, kidney injury molecule-1 and type I collagen in the kidneys; there was decreased albuminuria and a trend for increased creatinine clearance compared to untreated CKD rats. There was decreased fibrosis on kidney histology in PPC-only and THC-treated CKD rats. Plasma levels of kidney injury molecule-1 were decreased in THC + PPC + losartan animals. In summary, add-on THC to losartan therapy improved antioxidant levels and decreased fibrosis in the kidneys, and lowered blood pressure in diabetic CKD rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahyar Khazaeli
- Pathology Department, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Ane C F Nunes
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Yitong Zhao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Mahziar Khazaeli
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - John Prudente
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Nosratola D Vaziri
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Bhupinder Singh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Wei Ling Lau
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
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Sun J, Vyas P, Mann S, Paganini-Hill A, Nunes ACF, Lau WL, Cribbs DH, Fisher MJ, Sumbria RK. Insights Into the Mechanisms of Brain Endothelial Erythrophagocytosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:672009. [PMID: 34409026 PMCID: PMC8365766 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.672009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelial cells which form the inner cellular lining of the vasculature can act as non-professional phagocytes to ingest and remove emboli and aged/injured red blood cells (RBCs) from circulation. We previously demonstrated an erythrophagocytic phenotype of the brain endothelium for oxidatively stressed RBCs with subsequent migration of iron-rich RBCs and RBC degradation products across the brain endothelium in vivo and in vitro, in the absence of brain endothelium disruption. However, the mechanisms contributing to brain endothelial erythrophagocytosis are not well defined, and herein we elucidate the cellular mechanisms underlying brain endothelial erythrophagocytosis. Murine brain microvascular endothelial cells (bEnd.3 cells) were incubated with tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP, oxidative stressor to induce RBC aging in vitro)- or PBS (control)-treated mouse RBCs. tBHP increased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and phosphatidylserine exposure in RBCs, which were associated with robust brain endothelial erythrophagocytosis. TNFα treatment potentiated the brain endothelial erythrophagocytosis of tBHP-RBCs in vitro. Brain endothelial erythrophagocytosis was significantly reduced by RBC phosphatidylserine cloaking with annexin-V and with RBC-ROS and phosphatidylserine reduction with vitamin C. Brain endothelial erythrophagocytosis did not alter the bEnd.3 viability, and tBHP-RBCs were localized with early and late endosomes. Brain endothelial erythrophagocytosis increased the bEnd.3 total iron pool, abluminal iron levels without causing brain endothelial monolayer disruption, and ferroportin levels. In vivo, intravenous tBHP-RBC injection in aged (17–18 months old) male C57BL/6 mice significantly increased the Prussian blue-positive iron-rich lesion load compared with PBS-RBC-injected mice. In conclusion, RBC phosphatidylserine exposure and ROS are key mediators of brain endothelial erythrophagocytosis, a process which is associated with increased abluminal iron in vitro. tBHP-RBCs result in Prussian blue-positive iron-rich lesions in vivo. Brain endothelial erythrophagocytosis may provide a new route for RBC/RBC degradation product entry into the brain to produce iron-rich cerebral microhemorrhage-like lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Sun
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Prema Vyas
- Henry E. Riggs School of Applied Life Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont, CA, United States
| | - Samar Mann
- Pitzer College, Claremont, CA, United States
| | - Annlia Paganini-Hill
- Departments of Neurology and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Ane C F Nunes
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Wei Ling Lau
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - David H Cribbs
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Mark J Fisher
- Departments of Neurology and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Rachita K Sumbria
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA, United States.,Departments of Neurology and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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Crouzet C, Jeong G, Chae RH, LoPresti KT, Dunn CE, Xie DF, Agu C, Fang C, Nunes ACF, Lau WL, Kim S, Cribbs DH, Fisher M, Choi B. Spectroscopic and deep learning-based approaches to identify and quantify cerebral microhemorrhages. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10725. [PMID: 34021170 PMCID: PMC8140127 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88236-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral microhemorrhages (CMHs) are associated with cerebrovascular disease, cognitive impairment, and normal aging. One method to study CMHs is to analyze histological sections (5-40 μm) stained with Prussian blue. Currently, users manually and subjectively identify and quantify Prussian blue-stained regions of interest, which is prone to inter-individual variability and can lead to significant delays in data analysis. To improve this labor-intensive process, we developed and compared three digital pathology approaches to identify and quantify CMHs from Prussian blue-stained brain sections: (1) ratiometric analysis of RGB pixel values, (2) phasor analysis of RGB images, and (3) deep learning using a mask region-based convolutional neural network. We applied these approaches to a preclinical mouse model of inflammation-induced CMHs. One-hundred CMHs were imaged using a 20 × objective and RGB color camera. To determine the ground truth, four users independently annotated Prussian blue-labeled CMHs. The deep learning and ratiometric approaches performed better than the phasor analysis approach compared to the ground truth. The deep learning approach had the most precision of the three methods. The ratiometric approach has the most versatility and maintained accuracy, albeit with less precision. Our data suggest that implementing these methods to analyze CMH images can drastically increase the processing speed while maintaining precision and accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Crouzet
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA USA ,grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Gwangjin Jeong
- grid.411982.70000 0001 0705 4288Department of Biomedical Engineering, Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116 Republic of Korea
| | - Rachel H. Chae
- grid.116068.80000 0001 2341 2786Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Krystal T. LoPresti
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA USA ,grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Cody E. Dunn
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA USA ,grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Danny F. Xie
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA USA ,grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Chiagoziem Agu
- grid.251990.60000 0000 9562 8554Albany State University, Albany, GA USA
| | - Chuo Fang
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Neurology and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Ane C. F. Nunes
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Wei Ling Lau
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Sehwan Kim
- grid.411982.70000 0001 0705 4288Department of Biomedical Engineering, Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116 Republic of Korea
| | - David H. Cribbs
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Mark Fisher
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Neurology and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Bernard Choi
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA USA ,grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA USA ,grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Surgery, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA USA ,grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California-Irvine, Irvin, CA USA
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Vaziri ND, Nunes ACF, Said H, Khazaeli M, Liu H, Zhao Y, Jing W, Cogburn K, Alikhani L, Lau WL. Route of intestinal absorption and tissue distribution of iron contained in the novel phosphate binder ferric citrate. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2020; 35:1136-1144. [PMID: 32514572 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfaa053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anemia of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is, in part, caused by hepcidin-mediated impaired iron absorption. However, phosphate binder, ferric citrate (FC) overcomes the CKD-induced impairment of iron absorption and increases serum iron, transferrin saturation, and iron stores and reduces erythropoietin requirements in CKD/ESRD patients. The mechanism and sites of intestinal absorption of iron contained in FC were explored here. METHODS Eight-week old rats were randomized to sham-operated or 5/6 nephrectomized (CKD) groups and fed either regular rat chow or rat chow containing 4% FC for 6 weeks. They were then euthanized, and tissues were processed for histological and biochemical analysis using Prussian blue staining, Western blot analysis to quantify intestinal epithelial tight junction proteins and real-time PCR to measure Fatty Acid receptors 2 (FFA2) and 3 (FFA3) expressions. RESULTS CKD rats exhibited hypertension, anemia, azotemia, and hyperphosphatemia. FC-treated CKD rats showed significant reductions in blood pressure, serum urea, phosphate and creatinine levels and higher serum iron and blood hemoglobin levels. This was associated with marked increase in iron content of the epithelial and subepithelial wall of the descending colon and modest iron deposits in the proximal tubular epithelial cells of their remnant kidneys. No significant difference was found in hepatic tissue iron content between untreated and FC-treated CKD or control groups. Distal colon's epithelial tight Junction proteins, Occludin, JAM-1 and ZO-1 were markedly reduced in the CKD groups. The FFA2 expression in the jejunum and FFA3 expression in the distal colon were significantly reduced in the CKD rats and markedly increased with FC administration. CONCLUSION Iron contained in the phosphate binder, FC, is absorbed by the distal colon of the CKD animals via disrupted colonic epithelial barrier and upregulation of short chain fatty acid transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nosratola D Vaziri
- Division of Nephrology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ane C F Nunes
- Division of Nephrology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Hyder Said
- School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Mahyar Khazaeli
- Division of Nephrology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Han Liu
- Division of Nephrology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Yitong Zhao
- Division of Nephrology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Wanghui Jing
- Division of Nephrology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.,School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Kyle Cogburn
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Leila Alikhani
- Division of Nephrology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Wei Ling Lau
- Division of Nephrology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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Jamal MH, Nunes ACF, Vaziri ND, Ramchandran R, Bacallao RL, Nauli AM, Nauli SM. Rapamycin treatment correlates changes in primary cilia expression with cell cycle regulation in epithelial cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 178:114056. [PMID: 32470549 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Primary cilia are sensory organelles that regulate cell cycle and signaling pathways. In addition to its association with cancer, dysfunction of primary cilia is responsible for the pathogenesis of polycystic kidney disease (PKD) and other ciliopathies. Because the association between cilia formation or length and cell cycle or division is poorly understood, we here evaluated their correlation in this study. Using Spectral Karyotyping (SKY) technique, we showed that PKD and the cancer/tumorigenic epithelial cells PC3, DU145, and NL20-TA were associated with abnormal ploidy. We also showed that PKD and the cancer epithelia were highly proliferative. Importantly, the cancer epithelial cells had a reduction in the presence and/or length of primary cilia relative to the normal kidney (NK) cells. We then used rapamycin to restore the expression and length of primary cilia in these cells. Our subsequent analyses indicated that both the presence and length of primary cilia were inversely correlated with cell proliferation. Collectively, our data suggest that restoring the presence and/or length of primary cilia may serve as a novel approach to inhibit cancer cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha H Jamal
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Chapman University, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ane C F Nunes
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Physiology and Biophysics Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Nosratola D Vaziri
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Physiology and Biophysics Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Ramani Ramchandran
- Department of Pediatrics, Developmental Vascular Biology Program, Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Robert L Bacallao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Andromeda M Nauli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Marshall B. Ketchum University, Fullerton, CA, USA
| | - Surya M Nauli
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Chapman University, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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Suematsu Y, Goto M, Park C, Nunes ACF, Jing W, Streja E, Rhee CM, Cruz S, Kashyap ML, Vaziri ND, Narayanaswami V, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Moradi H. Association of Serum Paraoxonase/Arylesterase Activity With All-Cause Mortality in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:4848-4856. [PMID: 30920627 PMCID: PMC6733492 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2019-00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT In end-stage renal disease (ESRD), serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level is not an accurate predictor of mortality, partly because it does not necessarily correlate with indices of HDL function. Paraoxonase (PON) is a major enzyme constituent of HDL and a key component of HDL antioxidant activity. Apolipoprotein A-I (Apo A-1) is the core HDL structural protein that plays a major role in various aspects of HDL function. OBJECTIVE We sought to examine PON activity and Apo A-I levels in patients with ESRD vs healthy controls. DESIGN AND SETTING PON/arylesterase activity was measured in 499 patients with maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) and 24 healthy controls with similar distributions of age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Serum acrolein-modified Apo A-I was measured in 30 patients with MHD and 10 healthy controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Multilevel Cox models were used to assess associations among PON activity, Apo A-I, and HDL-C levels with 12-month all-cause mortality. RESULTS PON activity was significantly lower in patients with MHD vs controls. Furthermore, acrolein-modified Apo A-I levels were higher in patients with MHD vs controls. In fully adjusted models, high PON activity was associated with lower 12-month mortality, whereas no difference of mortality risk was observed across HDL-C levels. The combination of high PON and low Apo A-I compared with low PON and low Apo A-I was associated with lower mortality risk. CONCLUSIONS In patients with MHD, PON activity had a stronger association with 12-month mortality than HDL-C. Future studies are needed to examine the role of these markers as potential diagnostic and therapeutic tools in ESRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Suematsu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California
- Nephrology Section, Tibor Rubin VA Medical Center, Long Beach, California
| | - Masaki Goto
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California
- Nephrology Section, Tibor Rubin VA Medical Center, Long Beach, California
| | - Christina Park
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California
- Nephrology Section, Tibor Rubin VA Medical Center, Long Beach, California
| | - Ane C F Nunes
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - WangHui Jing
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Elani Streja
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California
- Nephrology Section, Tibor Rubin VA Medical Center, Long Beach, California
| | - Connie M Rhee
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Siobanth Cruz
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, California
| | - Moti L Kashyap
- Atherosclerosis Research Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Long Beach, California
- University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Nosratola D Vaziri
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Vasanthy Narayanaswami
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, California
| | - Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California
- Nephrology Section, Tibor Rubin VA Medical Center, Long Beach, California
| | - Hamid Moradi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California
- Nephrology Section, Tibor Rubin VA Medical Center, Long Beach, California
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Hamid Moradi, MD, Department of Medicine, Nephrology Section, Long Beach VA Healthcare System, 5901 East 7th Street, Long Beach, California 90822. E-mail:
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Tolba MF, Omar HA, Hersi F, Nunes ACF, Noreddin AM. The impact of Catechol-O-methyl transferase knockdown on the cell proliferation of hormone-responsive cancers. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 488:79-88. [PMID: 30904591 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen (E2) plays a central role in the development and progression of hormone-responsive cancers. Estrogen metabolites exhibit either stimulatory or inhibitory roles on breast and prostate cells. The catechol metabolite 4-hydroxyestradiol (4-OHE2) enhances cell proliferation, while 2-methoxyestradiol (2 ME) possesses anticancer activity. The major metabolizing enzyme responsible for detoxifying the deleterious metabolite 4-OHE2 and forming the anticancer metabolite 2 ME is Catechol-O-Methyl Transferase (COMT). The current work investigated the relationship between the expression level of COMT and the cell proliferation of hormone-responsive cancers. The results showed that COMT silencing enhanced the cell proliferation of ER-α positive cancer cells MCF-7 and PC-3 but not the cells that lack ER-α expression as MDA-MB231 and DU-145. The data generated from our study provides a better understanding of the effect of COMT on critical signaling pathways involved in the development and progression of breast cancer (BC) and prostate cancer (PC) including ER-α, p21cip1, p27kip1, NF-κB (P65) and CYP19A1. These findings suggest that COMT enzyme plays a tumor suppressor role in hormone receptor-positive tumors which opens the door for future studies to validate COMT expression as a novel biomarker for the prediction of cancer aggressiveness and treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai F Tolba
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt; Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, CA 92618, USA; School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Hany A Omar
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511 Egypt; Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Fatima Hersi
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ane C F Nunes
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Ayman M Noreddin
- Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, CA 92618, USA; School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
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Goto M, Suematsu Y, Nunes ACF, Jing W, Khazaeli M, Lau WL, Vaziri ND. Ferric Citrate Attenuates Cardiac Hypertrophy and Fibrosis in a Rat Model of Chronic Kidney Disease. Iran J Kidney Dis 2019; 13:98-104. [PMID: 30988246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic kidney disease (CKD) promotes hypertrophy and fibrosis in heart, and increases the risk of cardiovascular mortality. Ferric citrate is a dietary phosphate binder used to control hyperphosphatemia in CKD patients. It has been shown to raise iron stores, improve anemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism, and decrease vascular calcification in CKD patients. The present study was done to explore the effects and mechanism of actions of ferric citrate on cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male SD rats were randomized to CKD (5/6 nephrectomized) and sham-operated control groups. CKD rats were fed regular diet or a diet containing 4% ferric citrate. After 8 weeks, hemoglobin, renal function and cardiovascular endpoints including blood pressure, heart/body weight ratio, serum N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), cardiac histology and markers of hypertrophy, fibrosis and inflammation were assessed. RESULTS Compared to the controls, untreated CKD group exhibited hypertension, elevated serum urea, creatinine, phosphate, and NT-proBNP concentrations, anemia, cardiomegaly ,cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Treatment with ferric citrate significantly increased hemoglobin and serum iron concentrations, reduced serum phosphate and NT-proBNP levels and ameliorated hypertension, heart/body weight ratio, cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis and inflammation. In addition, ferric citrate administration reduced the size of cardiomyocytes and expressions of myocardin, transforming growth factor-β, interleukin-6 and monocyte chemotactic protein 1. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with ferric citrate attenuated renal failure and cardiovascular abnormalities including myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis in CKD rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nosratola D Vaziri
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, USA.
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Lau WL, Vaziri ND, Nunes ACF, Comeau AM, Langille MGI, England W, Khazaeli M, Suematsu Y, Phan J, Whiteson K. The Phosphate Binder Ferric Citrate Alters the Gut Microbiome in Rats with Chronic Kidney Disease. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 367:452-460. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.251389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Jing W, Nunes ACF, Farzaneh T, Khazaeli M, Lau WL, Vaziri ND. Phosphate Binder, Ferric Citrate, Attenuates Anemia, Renal Dysfunction, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Fibrosis in 5/6 Nephrectomized CKD Rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 367:129-137. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.249961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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Vaziri ND, Khazaeli M, Nunes ACF, Harley KT, Said H, Alipour O, Lau WL, Pahl MV. Effects of end-stage renal disease and dialysis modalities on blood ammonia level. Hemodial Int 2016; 21:343-347. [PMID: 27804262 DOI: 10.1111/hdi.12510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Uremia results in a characteristic breath odor (uremic fetor) which is largely due to its high ammonia content. Earlier studies have shown a strong correlation between breath ammonia and blood urea levels and a 10-fold reduction in breath ammonia after hemodialysis in patients with chronic kidney disease. Potential sources of breath ammonia include: (i) local ammonia production from hydrolysis of urea in the oropharyngeal and respiratory tracts by bacterial flora, and (ii) release of circulating blood ammonia by the lungs. While the effects of uremia and hemodialysis on breath ammonia are well known their effects on blood ammonia are unknown and were explored here. METHODS Blood samples were obtained from 23 hemodialysis patients (immediately before and after dialysis), 14 peritoneal dialysis patients, and 10 healthy controls. Blood levels of ammonia, creatinine, urea, and electrolytes were measured. FINDINGS No significant difference was found in baseline blood ammonia between hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis and control groups. Hemodialysis procedure led to a significant reduction in urea concentration (P < 0.001) which was paradoxically accompanied by a modest but significant (P < 0.05) rise in blood ammonia level in 10 of the 23 patients studied. Change in blood ammonia pre- and post-hemodialysis correlated with change in serum bicarbonate levels (r = 0.61, P < 0.01). On subgroup analysis of patients who had a rise in blood ammonia levels after dialysis, there was a strong correlation with drop in mean arterial pressure (r = 0.88, P < 0.01). The nadir intradialytic systolic blood pressure trended lower in the hemodialysis patients who had a rise in blood ammonia compared to the patients who manifested a fall in blood ammonia (124 ± 8 vs. 136 ± 6 mmHg respectively, P = 0.27). DISCUSSION Fall in blood urea following hemodialysis in ESRD patients was paradoxically accompanied by a modest rise in blood ammonia levels in 43% of the patients studied, contrasting prior reported effects of hemodialysis on breath ammonia. In this subgroup of patients, changes in blood ammonia during hemodialysis correlated with rise in blood bicarbonate and fall in mean arterial blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nosratola D Vaziri
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Mahyar Khazaeli
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Ane C F Nunes
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Kevin T Harley
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Hyder Said
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Omeed Alipour
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Wei Ling Lau
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Madeleine V Pahl
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
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Pereira TV, Nunes ACF, Rudnicki M, Yamada Y, Pereira AC, Krieger JE. Meta-analysis of the association of 4 angiotensinogen polymorphisms with essential hypertension: a role beyond M235T? Hypertension 2008; 51:778-83. [PMID: 18227406 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.107.100370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensinogen (AGT) gene polymorphisms have been linked to increased risk of hypertension, but the data remain controversial. In this study we review the most commonly investigated polymorphisms at the AGT locus (other than M235T) and provide summary estimates regarding their association with essential hypertension, while addressing heterogeneity, as well as publication biases. Data on 26 818 subjects from 46 studies for the 4 most-studied AGT variants (T174M in exon 2 and 3 promoter variants: A-6G, A-20C, and G-217A) were meta-analyzed. Statistically significant associations with hypertension were identified for the T174M (odds ratio [OR]: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.33; P=0.002) and G-217A (OR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.17 to 1.59; P=0.00006) polymorphisms. A dual but consistent effect was observed for the -20C allele, which was associated with a decreased risk of hypertension in populations of mixed and European ancestries (OR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.44 to 0.92; P=0.02 and OR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.65 to 0.91; P=0.003, respectively), but with a 24% increase in the odds of hypertension in Asian subjects (OR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.48; P=0.02). No association of the A-6G variant with hypertension was detected. Current studies support the notion that single variants at the AGT might modulate the risk of hypertension but indicate caution in interpreting these results because of the putative presence of publication bias and gene-environment interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Veiga Pereira
- Heart Institute (InCor), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
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