1
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Krzisch MA, Wu H, Yuan B, Whitfield TW, Liu XS, Fu D, Garrett-Engele CM, Khalil AS, Lungjangwa T, Shih J, Chang AN, Warren S, Cacace A, Andrykovich KR, Rietjens RGJ, Wallace O, Sur M, Jain B, Jaenisch R. Fragile X Syndrome Patient-Derived Neurons Developing in the Mouse Brain Show FMR1-Dependent Phenotypes. Biol Psychiatry 2023; 93:71-81. [PMID: 36372569 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is characterized by physical abnormalities, anxiety, intellectual disability, hyperactivity, autistic behaviors, and seizures. Abnormal neuronal development in FXS is poorly understood. Data on patients with FXS remain scarce, and FXS animal models have failed to yield successful therapies. In vitro models do not fully recapitulate the morphology and function of human neurons. METHODS To mimic human neuron development in vivo, we coinjected neural precursor cells derived from FXS patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells and neural precursor cells derived from corrected isogenic control induced pluripotent stem cells into the brain of neonatal immune-deprived mice. RESULTS The transplanted cells populated the brain and a proportion differentiated into neurons and glial cells. Immunofluorescence and single and bulk RNA sequencing analyses showed accelerated maturation of FXS neurons after an initial delay. Additionally, we found increased percentages of Arc- and Egr-1-positive FXS neurons and wider dendritic protrusions of mature FXS striatal medium spiny neurons. CONCLUSIONS This transplantation approach provides new insights into the alterations of neuronal development in FXS by facilitating physiological development of cells in a 3-dimensional context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine A Krzisch
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
| | - Hao Wu
- Full Circles Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Bingbing Yuan
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Troy W Whitfield
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - X Shawn Liu
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Dongdong Fu
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Andrew S Khalil
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Tenzin Lungjangwa
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jennifer Shih
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Stephen Warren
- Departments of Human Genetics, Biochemistry, and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | | | | | | | - Mriganka Sur
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Bhav Jain
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Rudolf Jaenisch
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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2
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Graef JD, Wu H, Ng C, Sun C, Villegas V, Qadir D, Jesseman K, Warren ST, Jaenisch R, Cacace A, Wallace O. Partial FMRP expression is sufficient to normalize neuronal hyperactivity in Fragile X neurons. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 51:2143-2157. [PMID: 31880363 PMCID: PMC7318714 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common genetic form of intellectual disability caused by a CGG repeat expansion in the 5′‐UTR of the Fragile X mental retardation gene FMR1, triggering epigenetic silencing and the subsequent absence of the protein, FMRP. Reactivation of FMR1 represents an attractive therapeutic strategy targeting the genetic root cause of FXS. However, largely missing in the FXS field is an understanding of how much FMR1 reactivation is required to rescue FMRP‐dependent mutant phenotypes. Here, we utilize FXS patient‐derived excitatory neurons to model FXS in vitro and confirm that the absence of FMRP leads to neuronal hyperactivity. We further determined the levels of FMRP and the percentage of FMRP‐positive cells necessary to correct this phenotype utilizing a mixed and mosaic neuronal culture system and a combination of CRISPR, antisense and expression technologies to titrate FMRP in FXS and WT neurons. Our data demonstrate that restoration of greater than 5% of overall FMRP expression levels or greater than 20% FMRP‐expressing neurons in a mosaic pattern is sufficient to normalize a FMRP‐dependent, hyperactive phenotype in FXS iPSC‐derived neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hao Wu
- Fulcrum Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Carrie Ng
- Fulcrum Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Stephen T Warren
- Departments of Human Genetics, Biochemistry, and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rudolf Jaenisch
- Department of Biology, MIT, 9 Cambridge Center, Whitehead Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
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3
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Anderson BR, Jensen ML, Hagedorn PH, Little SC, Olson RE, Ammar R, Kienzle B, Thompson J, McDonald I, Mercer S, Vikesaa J, Nordbo B, Iben L, Cao Y, Natale J, Dalton-Kay G, Cacace A, Hansen BR, Hedtjärn M, Koch T, Bristow LJ. Allele-Selective Knockdown of MYH7 Using Antisense Oligonucleotides. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2020; 19:1290-1298. [PMID: 32092825 PMCID: PMC7033438 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Hundreds of dominant-negative myosin mutations have been identified that lead to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and the biomechanical link between mutation and disease is heterogeneous across this patient population. To increase the therapeutic feasibility of treating this diverse genetic population, we investigated the ability of locked nucleic acid (LNA)-modified antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) to selectively knock down mutant myosin transcripts by targeting single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were found to be common in the myosin heavy chain 7 (MYH7) gene. We identified three SNPs in MYH7 and designed ASO libraries to selectively target either the reference or alternate MYH7 sequence. We identified ASOs that selectively knocked down either the reference or alternate allele at all three SNP regions. We also show allele-selective knockdown in a mouse model that was humanized on one allele. These results suggest that SNP-targeting ASOs are a promising therapeutic modality for treating cardiac pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian R Anderson
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 3551 Lawrenceville Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA.
| | - Marianne L Jensen
- RNA Therapeutics Research, Therapeutic Modalities, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Copenhagen, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Peter H Hagedorn
- RNA Therapeutics Research, Therapeutic Modalities, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Copenhagen, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Sean C Little
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 3551 Lawrenceville Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Richard E Olson
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 3551 Lawrenceville Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Ron Ammar
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 3551 Lawrenceville Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Bernadette Kienzle
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 3551 Lawrenceville Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - John Thompson
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 3551 Lawrenceville Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Ivar McDonald
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 3551 Lawrenceville Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Stephen Mercer
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 3551 Lawrenceville Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Jonas Vikesaa
- RNA Therapeutics Research, Therapeutic Modalities, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Copenhagen, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Bettina Nordbo
- RNA Therapeutics Research, Therapeutic Modalities, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Copenhagen, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Larry Iben
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 3551 Lawrenceville Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Yang Cao
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 3551 Lawrenceville Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Joanne Natale
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 3551 Lawrenceville Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Greg Dalton-Kay
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 3551 Lawrenceville Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Angela Cacace
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 3551 Lawrenceville Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Bo R Hansen
- RNA Therapeutics Research, Therapeutic Modalities, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Copenhagen, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Maj Hedtjärn
- RNA Therapeutics Research, Therapeutic Modalities, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Copenhagen, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Troels Koch
- RNA Therapeutics Research, Therapeutic Modalities, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Copenhagen, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Linda J Bristow
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 3551 Lawrenceville Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
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4
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Wallace O, Accorsi A, Barnes R, Cacace A, Cadavid D, Chang A, Eyerman D, Gould R, Kazmirski S, Maglio J, Mellion M, Rahl P, Robertson A, Rojas A, Ronco L, Shen N, Thompson L, Valentine E. P.43Targeting DUX4 expression, the root cause of FSHD: identification of a drug target and development candidate. Neuromuscul Disord 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2019.06.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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5
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Sun C, Qadir D, Accorsi A, Moore N, Lin L, Cacace A, Graef J. Abstract 241: In Vitro Disease Modeling and Discovery of Small Molecules for the Treatment of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Utilizing Patient iPSC-derived Cardiomyocytes. Circ Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1161/res.123.suppl_1.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal disease of skeletal and cardiac muscle characterized by progressive muscle weakness and atrophy. Current average life expectancy is in the mid-20s and mortality is often linked to end stage cardiomyopathy. DMD is a monogenic disease caused by loss-of-function mutations in the dystrophin gene. While dystrophin is critical for muscle function by connecting the cytoskeleton to the sarcolemma and extracellular matrix, its absence can be largely compensated for by up-regulation of utrophin (UTRN), the fetal orthologue of dystrophin. Because of the importance of UTRN expression in the heart in both DMD patients and preclinical models, we utilized DMD patient iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes as a relevant cellular model to perform in vitro pharmacology as well as functional assessment. Human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes recapitulate key properties of bona fide cardiomyocytes, such as expression of cardiac genes, spontaneous contractility, and response to chronotropic drugs (eg. isoproterenol and hERG channel blockers). We have created an isogenic pair of healthy control and DMD iPSC lines with exon 51 deletion using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Functional measurements of cardiomyocyte electrophysiology were performed by multielectrode array (MEA) and fluorometric imaging plate reader (FLIPR) platforms. High-throughput assays were developed to measure UTRN expression in cardiomyocyte culture in 384-well plates. Importantly, we have identified small molecules that increased UTRN expression in both patient and isogenic DMD iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. Our study represents a valuable strategy for small molecule drug discovery for the treatment of DMD cardiomyopathy based on iPSC technology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ling Lin
- Fulcrum Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA
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6
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Liu XS, Wu H, Krzisch M, Wu X, Graef J, Muffat J, Hnisz D, Li CH, Yuan B, Xu C, Li Y, Vershkov D, Cacace A, Young RA, Jaenisch R. Rescue of Fragile X Syndrome Neurons by DNA Methylation Editing of the FMR1 Gene. Cell 2018; 172:979-992.e6. [PMID: 29456084 PMCID: PMC6375087 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS), the most common genetic form of intellectual disability in males, is caused by silencing of the FMR1 gene associated with hypermethylation of the CGG expansion mutation in the 5' UTR of FMR1 in FXS patients. Here, we applied recently developed DNA methylation editing tools to reverse this hypermethylation event. Targeted demethylation of the CGG expansion by dCas9-Tet1/single guide RNA (sgRNA) switched the heterochromatin status of the upstream FMR1 promoter to an active chromatin state, restoring a persistent expression of FMR1 in FXS iPSCs. Neurons derived from methylation-edited FXS iPSCs rescued the electrophysiological abnormalities and restored a wild-type phenotype upon the mutant neurons. FMR1 expression in edited neurons was maintained in vivo after engrafting into the mouse brain. Finally, demethylation of the CGG repeats in post-mitotic FXS neurons also reactivated FMR1. Our data establish that demethylation of the CGG expansion is sufficient for FMR1 reactivation, suggesting potential therapeutic strategies for FXS.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Shawn Liu
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Fulcrum Therapeutics, One Kendall Square, Binney Street b7102, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Marine Krzisch
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Xuebing Wu
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - John Graef
- Fulcrum Therapeutics, One Kendall Square, Binney Street b7102, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Julien Muffat
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Denes Hnisz
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Charles H Li
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Bingbing Yuan
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Chuanyun Xu
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Yun Li
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Dan Vershkov
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Angela Cacace
- Fulcrum Therapeutics, One Kendall Square, Binney Street b7102, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Richard A Young
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Rudolf Jaenisch
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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7
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Abstract
The design and implementation of an automated tissue culture flask labeling, delivery, scraping, and retrieval system centered around the CellmateTm cell culture robot is presented. Three new custom subsystems named FlaskMaster, FlaskLabeler, and FlaskScraper were created and integrated into the Cellmate robotic system. Flask-Master is a centralized multi-axis robot with a surrounding enclosure that houses racks of stacked tissue culture flasks (size T-175). The FlaskMaster system interfaces externally with the Cellmate's conveyor system to deliver and retrieve flasks. FlaskLabeler is a print and apply system that labels flasks prior to transfer between FlaskMaster and the Cellmate. FlaskScraper is a scraping rod and blade assembly that was specifically designed for automated scraping of T-175 flasks. The combination of these systems allows for large-scale, unattended cell seeding and harvesting of cells from flasks. The addition of these new capabilities significantly reduces the manpower needed to operate the Cellmate. Moreover, these changes greatly improve the performance and capability of the stand-alone Cellmate system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Connors
- Lead Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Wallingford, CT
| | - Lauren Barber
- Lead Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Wallingford, CT
| | | | | | - Angela Cacace
- Lead Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Wallingford, CT
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8
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Sankaranarayanan S, Barten DM, Vana L, Devidze N, Yang L, Cadelina G, Hoque N, DeCarr L, Keenan S, Lin A, Cao Y, Snyder B, Zhang B, Nitla M, Hirschfeld G, Barrezueta N, Polson C, Wes P, Rangan VS, Cacace A, Albright CF, Meredith J, Trojanowski JQ, Lee VMY, Brunden KR, Ahlijanian M. Passive immunization with phospho-tau antibodies reduces tau pathology and functional deficits in two distinct mouse tauopathy models. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125614. [PMID: 25933020 PMCID: PMC4416899 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), an extensive accumulation of extracellular amyloid plaques and intraneuronal tau tangles, along with neuronal loss, is evident in distinct brain regions. Staging of tau pathology by postmortem analysis of AD subjects suggests a sequence of initiation and subsequent spread of neurofibrillary tau tangles along defined brain anatomical pathways. Further, the severity of cognitive deficits correlates with the degree and extent of tau pathology. In this study, we demonstrate that phospho-tau (p-tau) antibodies, PHF6 and PHF13, can prevent the induction of tau pathology in primary neuron cultures. The impact of passive immunotherapy on the formation and spread of tau pathology, as well as functional deficits, was subsequently evaluated with these antibodies in two distinct transgenic mouse tauopathy models. The rTg4510 transgenic mouse is characterized by inducible over-expression of P301L mutant tau, and exhibits robust age-dependent brain tau pathology. Systemic treatment with PHF6 and PHF13 from 3 to 6 months of age led to a significant decline in brain and CSF p-tau levels. In a second model, injection of preformed tau fibrils (PFFs) comprised of recombinant tau protein encompassing the microtubule-repeat domains into the cortex and hippocampus of young P301S mutant tau over-expressing mice (PS19) led to robust tau pathology on the ipsilateral side with evidence of spread to distant sites, including the contralateral hippocampus and bilateral entorhinal cortex 4 weeks post-injection. Systemic treatment with PHF13 led to a significant decline in the spread of tau pathology in this model. The reduction in tau species after p-tau antibody treatment was associated with an improvement in novel-object recognition memory test in both models. These studies provide evidence supporting the use of tau immunotherapy as a potential treatment option for AD and other tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sethu Sankaranarayanan
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SS); (KB); (MA)
| | - Donna M. Barten
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Laurel Vana
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Nino Devidze
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Ling Yang
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Gregory Cadelina
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Nina Hoque
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Lynn DeCarr
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Stefanie Keenan
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Alan Lin
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Yang Cao
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Bradley Snyder
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Bin Zhang
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Magdalena Nitla
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Gregg Hirschfeld
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Nestor Barrezueta
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Craig Polson
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Paul Wes
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Vangipuram S. Rangan
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Redwood City, California, United States of America
| | - Angela Cacace
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Charles F. Albright
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Jere Meredith
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - John Q. Trojanowski
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Virginia M-Y. Lee
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Kurt R. Brunden
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SS); (KB); (MA)
| | - Michael Ahlijanian
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SS); (KB); (MA)
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9
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Bi Y, Dzierba CD, Fink C, Garcia Y, Green M, Han J, Kwon S, Kumi G, Liang Z, Liu Y, Qiao Y, Zhang Y, Zipp G, Burford N, Ferrante M, Bertekap R, Lewis M, Cacace A, Westphal RS, Kimball D, Bronson JJ, Macor JE. The discovery of potent agonists for GPR88, an orphan GPCR, for the potential treatment of CNS disorders. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:1443-7. [PMID: 25754495 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Modulating GPR88 activity is suggested to have therapeutic utility in the treatment of CNS disorders, such as schizophrenia. This Letter will describe the discovery and SAR development of a class of potent GPR88 agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzhi Bi
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 350 Carter Road, Princeton, NJ 08540, United States
| | - Carolyn D Dzierba
- Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, United States
| | - Cynthia Fink
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 350 Carter Road, Princeton, NJ 08540, United States
| | - Yudith Garcia
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 350 Carter Road, Princeton, NJ 08540, United States
| | - Michael Green
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 350 Carter Road, Princeton, NJ 08540, United States
| | - Jianxin Han
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 350 Carter Road, Princeton, NJ 08540, United States
| | - Soojin Kwon
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 350 Carter Road, Princeton, NJ 08540, United States
| | - Godwin Kumi
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 350 Carter Road, Princeton, NJ 08540, United States
| | - Zhi Liang
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 350 Carter Road, Princeton, NJ 08540, United States
| | - Ying Liu
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 350 Carter Road, Princeton, NJ 08540, United States
| | - Ying Qiao
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 350 Carter Road, Princeton, NJ 08540, United States
| | - Yulian Zhang
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 350 Carter Road, Princeton, NJ 08540, United States
| | - Greg Zipp
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 350 Carter Road, Princeton, NJ 08540, United States
| | - Neil Burford
- Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, United States
| | - Meredith Ferrante
- Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, United States
| | - Robert Bertekap
- Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, United States
| | - Martin Lewis
- Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, United States
| | - Angela Cacace
- Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, United States
| | - Ryan S Westphal
- Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, United States
| | - David Kimball
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 350 Carter Road, Princeton, NJ 08540, United States
| | - Joanne J Bronson
- Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, United States
| | - John E Macor
- Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, United States
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10
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Dzierba CD, Bi Y, Dasgupta B, Hartz RA, Ahuja V, Cianchetta G, Kumi G, Dong L, Aleem S, Fink C, Garcia Y, Green M, Han J, Kwon S, Qiao Y, Wang J, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Zipp G, Liang Z, Burford N, Ferrante M, Bertekap R, Lewis M, Cacace A, Grace J, Wilson A, Nouraldeen A, Westphal R, Kimball D, Carson K, Bronson JJ, Macor JE. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of phenylglycinols and phenyl amines as agonists of GPR88. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:1448-52. [PMID: 25690789 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Small molecule modulators of GPR88 activity (agonists, antagonists, or modulators) are of interest as potential agents for the treatment of a variety of psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia. A series of phenylglycinol and phenylamine analogs have been prepared and evaluated for their GPR88 agonist activity and pharmacokinetic (PK) properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn D Dzierba
- Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA.
| | - Yingzhi Bi
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, 350 Carter Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Bireshwar Dasgupta
- Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA
| | - Richard A Hartz
- Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA
| | - Vijay Ahuja
- Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA
| | | | - Godwin Kumi
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, 350 Carter Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Li Dong
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, 350 Carter Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Saadat Aleem
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, 350 Carter Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Cynthia Fink
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, 350 Carter Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Yudith Garcia
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, 350 Carter Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Michael Green
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, 350 Carter Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Jianxin Han
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, 350 Carter Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Soojin Kwon
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, 350 Carter Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Ying Qiao
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, 350 Carter Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Jiancheng Wang
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, 350 Carter Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Yulian Zhang
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, 350 Carter Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, 350 Carter Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Greg Zipp
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, 350 Carter Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Zhi Liang
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, 350 Carter Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Neil Burford
- Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA
| | - Meredith Ferrante
- Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA
| | - Robert Bertekap
- Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA
| | - Martin Lewis
- Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA
| | - Angela Cacace
- Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA
| | - James Grace
- Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA
| | - Alan Wilson
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, 8800 Technology Forest Place, The Woodlands, TX 77381-1160, USA
| | - Amr Nouraldeen
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, 8800 Technology Forest Place, The Woodlands, TX 77381-1160, USA
| | - Ryan Westphal
- Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA
| | - David Kimball
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, 350 Carter Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Kenneth Carson
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, 350 Carter Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Joanne J Bronson
- Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA
| | - John E Macor
- Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA
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11
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Herrup K, Carrillo MC, Schenk D, Cacace A, Desanti S, Fremeau R, Bhat R, Glicksman M, May P, Swerdlow R, Van Eldik LJ, Bain LJ, Budd S. Beyond amyloid: getting real about nonamyloid targets in Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2013; 9:452-458.e1. [PMID: 23809366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2013.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
For decades, researchers have focused primarily on a pathway initiated by amyloid beta aggregation, amyloid deposition, and accumulation in the brain as the key mechanism underlying the disease and the most important treatment target. However, evidence increasingly suggests that amyloid is deposited early during the course of disease, even prior to the onset of clinical symptoms. Thus, targeting amyloid in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD), as past failed clinical trials have done, may be insufficient to halt further disease progression. Scientists are investigating other molecular and cellular pathways and processes that contribute to AD pathogenesis. Thus, the Alzheimer's Association's Research Roundtable convened a meeting in April 2012 to move beyond amyloid and explore AD as a complex multifactorial disease, with the goal of using a more inclusive perspective to identify novel treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Herrup
- Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Division of Biology Life Science, Hong Kong
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12
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Gilchrist MA, Cacace A, Harden DG. Characterization of the 5-HT2b Receptor in Evaluation of Aequorin Detection of Calcium Mobilization for Miniaturized GPCR High-Throughput Screening. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 13:486-93. [DOI: 10.1177/1087057108319212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent detection of calcium mobilization has been used successfully to identify modulators of G-protein—coupled receptors (GPCRs); however, inherent issues with fluorescence may limit its potential for high-throughput screening miniaturization. The data presented here demonstrate that the calcium-sensitive photoprotein aequorin (AequoScreen™), when compared with FLUO-4 in the same cellular background, allows for miniaturization of functional kinetic calcium flux assays, in which the rank order of potency and efficacy was maintained for a series of diverse small-molecule modulators. Small-volume (<10 µL) 384- and 1536-well aequorin assays were implemented by integration of acoustic dispensing (Echo 550™) and kinetic flash luminometry (CyBi Lumax™). The enhanced high signal-to-background ratios observed relative to fluorescence were readily manipulated by altering per-well cell densities and yielded acceptable screening statistics in miniaturized format for both agonist and antagonist screening scenarios. In addition, the authors demonstrate the feasibility of using agonist concentrations less than EC50 in a miniaturized antagonist assay. These features, coupled with improved sample handling, should enhance sensitivity and provide the benefits of miniaturization including cost reduction and throughput gains. ( Journal of Biomolecular Screening 2008:486-493)
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Gilchrist
- HTS CoE, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut,
| | - Angela Cacace
- Applied Genomics, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceuticals Research Institute, Wallingford, Connecticut
| | - David G. Harden
- Lead Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceuticals Research Institute, Wallingford, Connecticut
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13
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Johnson SR, Padmanabha R, Vaccaro W, Hermsmeier M, Cacace A, Lawrence M, Dickey J, Esposito K, Pike K, Wong V, Poss M, Loughney D, Tebben A. A simple strategy for mitigating the effect of data variability on the identification of active chemotypes from high-throughput screening data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 12:276-84. [PMID: 17272827 DOI: 10.1177/1087057106297826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Among the several goals of a high-throughput screening campaign is the identification of as many active chemotypes as possible for further evaluation. Often, however, the number of concentration response curves (e.g., IC(50)s or K(i)s) that can be collected following a primary screen is limited by practical constraints such as protein supply, screening workload, and so forth. One possible approach to this dilemma is to cluster the hits from the primary screen and sample only a few compounds from each cluster. This introduces the question as to how many compounds must be selected from a cluster to ensure that an active compound is identified, if it exists at all. This article seeks to address this question using a Monte Carlo simulation in which the dependence of the success of sampling is directly linked to screening data variability. Furthermore, the authors demonstrate that the use of replicated compounds in the screening collection can easily assess this variability and provide a priori guidance to the screener and chemist as to the extent of sampling required to maximize chemotype identification during the triage process. The individual steps of the Monte Carlo simulation provide insight into the correspondence between the percentage inhibition and eventual IC(50) curves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Johnson
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, USA.
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14
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Zhu Z, Puglisi J, Connors D, Stewart J, Herbst J, Marino A, Sinz M, O'Connell J, Banks M, Dickinson K, Cacace A. Use of Cryopreserved Transiently Transfected Cells in High-Throughput Pregnane X Receptor Transactivation Assay. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 12:248-54. [PMID: 17259590 DOI: 10.1177/1087057106297828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cryopreserved, transiently transfected HepG2 cells were compared to freshly transfected HepG2 cells for use in a pregnane X receptor (PXR) transactivation assay. Assay performance was similar for both cell preparations; however, cryopreserved cells demonstrated less interassay variation. Validation with drugs of different PXR activation potencies and efficacies demonstrated an excellent correlation ( r2 > 0.95) between cryopreserved and fresh cells. Cryopreservation did not change the effect of known CYP3A4 inducers that have poor cell permeability, indicating that cryopreservation had little effect on membrane permeability. In addition, cryopreserved HepG2 cells did not exhibit enhanced susceptibility to cytotoxic compounds compared to transiently transfected control cells. The use of cryopreserved cells enables this assay to run with enhanced efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengrong Zhu
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA.
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15
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Langguth B, Goodey R, Azevedo A, Bjorne A, Cacace A, Crocetti A, Del Bo L, De Ridder D, Diges I, Elbert T, Flor H, Herraiz C, Ganz Sanchez T, Eichhammer P, Figueiredo R, Hajak G, Kleinjung T, Landgrebe M, Londero A, Lainez MJA, Mazzoli M, Meikle MB, Melcher J, Rauschecker JP, Sand PG, Struve M, Van de Heyning P, Van Dijk P, Vergara R. Consensus for tinnitus patient assessment and treatment outcome measurement: Tinnitus Research Initiative meeting, Regensburg, July 2006. Prog Brain Res 2007; 166:525-36. [PMID: 17956816 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6123(07)66050-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
There is widespread recognition that consistency between research centres in the ways that patients with tinnitus are assessed and outcomes following interventions are measured would facilitate more effective co-operation and more meaningful evaluations and comparisons of outcomes. At the first Tinnitus Research Initiative meeting held in Regensburg in July 2006 an attempt was made through workshops to gain a consensus both for patient assessments and for outcome measurements. It is hoped that this will contribute towards better cooperation between research centres in finding and evaluating treatments for tinnitus by allowing better comparability between studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Langguth
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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16
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Cacace A, Banks M, Spicer T, Civoli F, Watson J. An ultra-HTS process for the identification of small molecule modulators of orphan G-protein-coupled receptors. Drug Discov Today 2003; 8:785-92. [PMID: 12946641 DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6446(03)02809-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the most successful target proteins for drug discovery research to date. More than 150 orphan GPCRs of potential therapeutic interest have been identified for which no activating ligands or biological functions are known. One of the greatest challenges in the pharmaceutical industry is to link these orphan GPCRs with human diseases. Highly automated parallel approaches that integrate ultra-high throughput and focused screening can be used to identify small molecule modulators of orphan GPCRs. These small molecules can then be employed as pharmacological tools to explore the function of orphan receptors in models of human disease. In this review, we describe methods that utilize powerful ultra-high-throughput screening technologies to identify surrogate ligands of orphan GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Cacace
- Department of Lead Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA.
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17
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Ammaturo C, De Rosa A, Salzano A, Morra C, Bassi U, Cerrato C, D'Eliso E, Cacace A. Intestinal infarction: report of 98 cases. Chir Ital 2001; 53:57-64. [PMID: 11280829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
The Authors conducted a retrospective study on 98 patients with intestinal infarction observed from 1987 to 1999 in the Emergency Care Unit of the Loreto Hospital, Naples. In our hospital there are over 20,000 admissions, 3,900 of whom in the Emergency Care Unit. Intestinal infarction accounts for 0.049% of all admissions and 0.45% of emergency surgery admissions. About 500 laparotomies are performed annually, 1% of which for intestinal infarction. All patients in this series were operated on within 10 hours of admission. The following procedures were performed: 31 jejuno-ileal resections; 26 right hemicolectomies associated with small intestine resection; 5 upper mesenteric artery embolectomies plus wide gut resections (3 also underwent second-look operations within 36 hours of the initial surgery with further gut resection); 1 Hartmann's and 5 Volkmann's operations (all of these patients had colonic gangrene); 30 (30.5%) underwent exploratory laparotomy due to massive infarction. The prognosis of intestinal infarction is still ominous. Our mortality rate is 68%. Both clinical and laboratory data are non-specific and delayed diagnosis is the main cause of this mortality rate. Abdominal CT is an accurate and sensitive diagnostic tool. TPN enables us to achieve good nutritional support even for wider resections.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ammaturo
- Divisione di Chirurgia d'Urgenza, Ospedale Loreto Mare, ASL NA/1 Napoli
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18
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Ammaturo C, Pastore S, Capuano N, D'Eliso E, Fantini C, Bassi U, Peluso F, Cacace A. [Non-surgical treatment of liver trauma]. Chir Ital 2001; 53:181-7. [PMID: 11396065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the role of non-operative treatment in haemodynamically stable patients with liver trauma. Over the period from 1996 to July 2000, out of a total of 2,048 patients with abdominal trauma, 124 open and 1,924 closed, we observed 77 hepatic lesions, consisting of 55 closed traumas and 22 penetrating traumas. Non-operative treatment was implemented in 18 patients (32.7%) with closed liver traumas. In addition to serial clinical examinations of the abdomen, the patients receiving non-operative treatment were submitted to thorough haemodynamic monitoring and complete blood counts in the intensive care unit. After an abdominal CT scan at entry, patients were submitted to abdominal ultrasonography 6, 12 and 24 hours after admission. Only two patients required transfusions, one presenting a pelvic fracture and the other a triple fracture of the femur, tibia and fibula. There was no mortality. A biloma was present in one case, successfully treated by means of a US-guided drainage puncture. It is patients with major cranial traumas that pose most problems for conservative treatment. Fifty percent of non-therapeutic laparotomies in our series were performed in patients with severe cranial traumas. It is precisely in these patients that an improvement in diagnostic capability is most desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ammaturo
- U.O. di Chirurgia D'Urgenza e P.S., ASL NA/1 Ospedale Loreto Mare Napoli
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19
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Prieve B, Dalzell L, Berg A, Bradley M, Cacace A, Campbell D, DeCristofaro J, Gravel J, Greenberg E, Gross S, Orlando M, Pinheiro J, Regan J, Spivak L, Stevens F. The New York State universal newborn hearing screening demonstration project: outpatient outcome measures. Ear Hear 2000; 21:104-17. [PMID: 10777018 DOI: 10.1097/00003446-200004000-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate outpatient outcome measures of a multi-center, state-wide, universal newborn hearing screening project. DESIGN Eight hospitals participated in a 3-yr, funded project. Each hospital designed its own protocol using common criteria for judging whether an infant passed a hearing screening. Infants were tested in the hospital, and those either failing the in-hospital screening or who were not tested in the hospital (missed) were asked to return 4 to 6 wk after hospital discharge for outpatient rescreening. Those infants failing the outpatient rescreening were referred for diagnostic auditory brain stem response testing. Each hospital used its own audiological equipment and criteria to determine whether a particular infant had a hearing loss. All data were collected and analyzed for individual hospitals, as well as totaled across all hospitals. Data were analyzed in terms of year of program operation, nursery type, and geographic region. RESULTS Seventy-two percent of infants who failed the in-hospital screening returned for outpatient testing. The percentage of in-hospital fails returning for retesting was significantly higher than the percentage of in-hospital misses returning for retesting. The percentage of infants returning for retesting increased with successive years of program operation. Some differences were noted in the percentage of infants returning for retesting among hospitals and geographic regions of the state. Some differences in outpatient outcome measures also were noted between infants originally born into the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and the well-baby nursery (WBN). The percentage of infants from the NICU who returned for retesting was slightly higher than that for infants from the WBN. The percentage of infants from the WBN passing the outpatient rescreening was higher than that for the NICU infants. The overall prevalence of hearing loss was 1.96/1000, with that in the NICU being 8/1000 and that in the WBN being 0.9/1000. Positive predictive value for permanent hearing loss based on inpatient screening was approximately 4% and based on outpatient rescreening was approximately 22%. CONCLUSIONS Several outpatient outcome measures changed with successive years of program operation, suggesting that programs improve over time. Also, some outpatient outcome measures differ between NICU and WBN populations. The differences noted across regions of the state in the percentage of infants returning for outpatient retesting require further research to determine whether differences are due to demographic and/or procedural differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Prieve
- Syracuse University, New York, USA
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20
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Gravel J, Berg A, Bradley M, Cacace A, Campbell D, Dalzell L, DeCristofaro J, Greenberg E, Gross S, Orlando M, Pinheiro J, Regan J, Spivak L, Stevens F, Prieve B. New York State universal newborn hearing screening demonstration project: effects of screening protocol on inpatient outcome measures. Ear Hear 2000; 21:131-40. [PMID: 10777020 DOI: 10.1097/00003446-200004000-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine differences among various test protocols on the fail rate at hospital discharge for infants in the well-baby nursery (WBN) and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) who received hearing screening through a universal newborn hearing screening demonstration project. DESIGN The outcomes of several screening protocols were examined. Two technologies were used: transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) alone or in combination with the auditory brain stem response (ABR). The performance of test protocols in both nurseries within eight hospitals was examined over a 2- to 3-yr period. In the WBN, six hospitals used a screening protocol of TEOAE technology first followed by an ABR (automated or conventional) technology screening for newborns who referred on TEOAE screening. Two hospitals used TEOAE only in the WBN. Seven hospitals used screening protocols in the NICU that used a combination of TEOAE and ABR technologies (TEOAE technology administered first or second, before or after TEOAE, or TEOAE and ABR tests on all infants). Only one hospital used TEOAE technology exclusively for hearing screening. RESULTS Significant differences among screening protocols were found across hospitals in the first, second, and third years of the program. The combination of TEOAE technology and ABR technology (a two-technology screening protocol) resulted in a significantly lower fail rate at hospital discharge than the use of a single-technology (TEOAE). Fail rates at discharge were twice as high using the one-technology protocol versus two-technology protocol, even when the best outcomes from program year 3 were considered exclusively. Results of two-technology versus one-technology protocols were similar in the NICU. Use of a second technology for screening TEOAE fails significantly reduced every hospital that used the protocol's fail rate at discharge. CONCLUSIONS A two-technology screening protocol resulted in significantly lower fail rates at hospital discharge in both the WBN and NICU nurseries than use of a single-technology (TEOAE) hearing screening protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gravel
- Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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21
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Dalzell L, Orlando M, MacDonald M, Berg A, Bradley M, Cacace A, Campbell D, DeCristofaro J, Gravel J, Greenberg E, Gross S, Pinheiro J, Regan J, Spivak L, Stevens F, Prieve B. The New York State universal newborn hearing screening demonstration project: ages of hearing loss identification, hearing aid fitting, and enrollment in early intervention. Ear Hear 2000; 21:118-30. [PMID: 10777019 DOI: 10.1097/00003446-200004000-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the ages of hearing loss identification, hearing aid fitting, and enrollment in early intervention through a multi-center, state-wide universal newborn hearing screening project. DESIGN Universal newborn hearing screening was conducted at eight hospitals across New York State. All infants who did not bilaterally pass hearing screening before discharge were recalled for outpatient retesting. Inpatient screening and outpatient rescreening were done with transient evoked otoacoustic emissions and/or auditory brain stem response testing. Diagnostic testing was performed with age appropriate tests, auditory brain stem response and/or visual reinforcement audiometry. Infants diagnosed with permanent hearing loss were considered for hearing aids and early intervention. Ages of hearing loss identification, hearing aid fitting, and enrollment in early intervention were investigated regarding nursery type, risk status, unilateral versus bilateral hearing loss, loss type, loss severity, and state regions. RESULTS The prevalence of infants diagnosed with permanent hearing loss was 2.0/1000 (85 of 43,311). Of the 85 infants with hearing loss, 61% were from neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) and 67% were at risk for hearing loss. Of the 36 infants fitted with hearing aids, 58% were from NICUs and 78% were at risk for hearing loss. The median age at identification and enrollment in early intervention was 3 mo. Median age at hearing aid fitting was 7.5 mo. Median ages at identification were less for infants from the well-baby nurseries (WBNs) than for the NICU infants and for infants with severe/profound than for infants with mild/moderate hearing loss, but were similar for not-at-risk and at-risk infants. Median ages at hearing aid fitting were less for well babies than for NICU infants, for not-at-risk infants than for at-risk infants, and for infants with severe/ profound hearing loss than for infants with mild/ moderate hearing loss. However, median ages at early intervention enrollment were similar for nursery types, risk status, and severity of hearing loss. CONCLUSIONS Early ages of hearing loss identification, hearing aid fitting, and enrollment in early intervention can be achieved for infants from NICUs and WBNs and for infants at risk and not at risk for hearing loss in a large multi-center universal newborn hearing screening program.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Dalzell
- Strong Memorial Hospital, Rochester, New York, USA
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22
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Spivak L, Dalzell L, Berg A, Bradley M, Cacace A, Campbell D, DeCristofaro J, Gravel J, Greenberg E, Gross S, Orlando M, Pinheiro J, Regan J, Stevens F, Prieve B. New York State universal newborn hearing screening demonstration project: inpatient outcome measures. Ear Hear 2000; 21:92-103. [PMID: 10777017 DOI: 10.1097/00003446-200004000-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the feasibility of universal newborn hearing screening by examining inpatient outcome measures from 8 hospitals located in geographically diverse areas of New York State over a 3-yr period. DESIGN Funding was provided by the New York State Department of Health to implement predischarge hearing screening programs in the neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) and well-baby nurseries (WBNs) of eight hospitals. Various screening protocols including transient evoked otoacoustic emissions alone or in combination with conventional auditory brain stem response or screening auditory brain stem response were implemented by each site. Measured outcomes included rate of misses, refusals, and fails. Results were analyzed as a function of year of operation, nursery type, and geographic location. RESULTS Six out of eight hospitals successfully implemented universal hearing screening during the first year, and the remaining 2 hospitals implemented programs during the second year of the project. Over a period of 3 yr, 69,761 newborns were screened at the eight hospitals representing 96.9% of all live births. The overall fail rate (4.04%) combined with the miss rate (2.61%) resulted in 6.63% of infants referred for outpatient follow-up. Mean data indicated that inpatient outcome measures improved with year of operation, with most individual hospitals also showing improvements. Both fail and miss rates were higher in the NICU than in the WBN and for hospitals located in New York City than in other regions of the state. CONCLUSIONS Inpatient outcome measures of a universal newborn hearing screening project, which involved multiple centers across geographically diverse regions of New York State, were acceptable in terms of successfully screening a high percentage of live births and attaining low refer rates for outpatient screening. This study adds to the growing body of literature supporting the feasibility of screening all newborns before hospital discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Spivak
- North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, New Hyde Park, New York 11042,USA
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Michaud NR, Therrien M, Cacace A, Edsall LC, Spiegel S, Rubin GM, Morrison DK. KSR stimulates Raf-1 activity in a kinase-independent manner. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997; 94:12792-6. [PMID: 9371754 PMCID: PMC24217 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.94.24.12792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Kinase suppressor of Ras (KSR) is an evolutionarily conserved component of Ras-dependent signaling pathways. Here, we find that murine KSR (mKSR1) translocates from the cytoplasm to the plasma membrane in the presence of activated Ras. At the membrane, mKSR1 modulates Ras signaling by enhancing Raf-1 activity in a kinase-independent manner. The activation of Raf-1 is mediated by the mKSR1 cysteine-rich CA3 domain and involves a detergent labile cofactor that is not ceramide. These findings reveal another point of regulation for Ras-mediated signal transduction and further define a noncatalytic role for mKSR1 in the multistep process of Raf-1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Michaud
- Molecular Basis of Carcinogenesis Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, MD 21702, USA
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Khaled Z, Rideout D, O'Driscoll KR, Petrylak D, Cacace A, Patel R, Chiang LC, Rotenberg S, Stein CA. Effects of suramin-related and other clinically therapeutic polyanions on protein kinase C activity. Clin Cancer Res 1995; 1:113-22. [PMID: 9815893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of the antineoplastic effects of suramin may involve interference with signal transduction, but in general is not well understood. We examined several polyanions to determine their effects on the kinase activity of the protein kinase C (PKC) beta1 and other PKC isoforms. Similar to suramin, a phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide 28-mer homopolymer of cytidine (SdC28) inhibited the phosphatidylserine and Ca2+-dependent phosphorylation of an epidermal growth factor receptor octapeptide substrate. The inhibition by suramin was mixed competitive/noncompetitive with respect to ATP, but uncompetitive with respect to substrate. In contrast, the inhibition by SdC28 was competitive with respect to substrate (Ki = 5.4 microM) and not competitive with respect to ATP. The PKC alpha and beta1 isoforms were inhibited to the same extent with SdC28, while PKC epsilon was not inhibited. SdC28, in the absence of lipid cofactor, stimulated substrate phosphorylation, and in the absence of substrate induced PKC beta1 autophosphorylation. Similar behavior was seen with another polyanion, the polysulfated carbohydrate pentosan polysulfate (polyxylyl hydrogen sulfate). H4, a bis-naphthalene disulfonate tetraanion structurally related to suramin, also inhibited kinase activity but was not competitive with respect to ATP. Dianions closely related to H4 failed to inhibit PKC beta1, suggesting that multiple (>2) negative charges are required. The interactions of polyanions with PKC are complex, and are dependent on the molecular structure of the polyanion, the presence of cofactors, and the PKC isoform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Khaled
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
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Abstract
We performed behavioral audiometric tests and brainstem auditory evoked potentials in four patients with Friedreich ataxia. None of the patients had symptomatic hearing difficulties. Results of the audiometric tests pointed to a disorder of the eighth nerve. In none of the patients could we elicit normal-appearing waves of the brainstem auditory evoked potentials. These abnormalities could be attributed to degeneration of spiral ganglion neurons. Our patients had useful and functional hearing despite very abnormal brainstem auditory evoked potentials.
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