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Muñiz AJ, Topal T, Brooks MD, Sze A, Kim DH, Jordahl J, Nguyen J, Krebsbach PH, Savelieff MG, Feldman EL, Lahann J. Engineered extracellular matrices facilitate brain organoids from human pluripotent stem cells. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2023. [PMID: 37283238 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brain organoids are miniaturized in vitro brain models generated from pluripotent stem cells, which resemble full-sized brain more closely than conventional two-dimensional cell cultures. Although brain organoids mimic the human brain's cell-to-cell network interactions, they generally fail to faithfully recapitulate cell-to-matrix interactions. Here, an engineered framework, called an engineered extracellular matrix (EECM), was developed to provide support and cell-to-matrix interactions to developing brain organoids. METHODS We generated brain organoids using EECMs comprised of human fibrillar fibronectin supported by a highly porous polymer scaffold. The resultant brain organoids were characterized by immunofluorescence microscopy, transcriptomics, and proteomics of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) compartment. RESULTS The interstitial matrix-mimicking EECM enhanced neurogenesis, glial maturation, and neuronal diversity from human embryonic stem cells versus conventional protein matrix (Matrigel). Additionally, EECMs supported long-term culture, which promoted large-volume organoids containing over 250 μL of CSF. Proteomics analysis of the CSF found it superseded previous brain organoids in protein diversity, as indicated by 280 proteins spanning 500 gene ontology pathways shared with adult CSF. INTERPRETATION Engineered EECM matrices represent a major advancement in neural engineering as they have the potential to significantly enhance the structural, cellular, and functional diversity that can be achieved in advanced brain models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe J Muñiz
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Tuğba Topal
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Michael D Brooks
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Angela Sze
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Do Hoon Kim
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jacob Jordahl
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Joe Nguyen
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Paul H Krebsbach
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Masha G Savelieff
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Eva L Feldman
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Joerg Lahann
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Poloni C, Sze A, Wang X, Lim S, Steiner T. A36 INVESTIGATING TYPE 1 REGULATORY T CELLS AS A THERAPY FOR INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE USING A MOUSE MODEL OF ACUTE INTESTINAL EPITHELIAL DAMAGE. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2023. [PMCID: PMC9991133 DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwac036.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affects an estimated 270,000 people in Canada and is rapidly increasing in prevalence. All patients have relapsing disease, and a subset of individuals do not respond to current treatments. Further, there are no approved treatment options in Canada that reverse IBD-induced intestinal fibrosis. We have previously shown type 1 regulatory cells (Tr1s) are capable of suppressing inflammatory macrophages, promote barrier function of human intestinal epithelial cells, and induce differentiation of mucin-producing goblet cells. We hypothesize that Tr1 cells can prevent inflammatory damage and fibrosis in an mouse model of acute gut damage. Purpose We hypothesize that Tr1 cells can prevent inflammatory damage and fibrosis in an mouse model of gut damage. Here we evalute the therapeutic potential of Tr1 cells in an model of acute intestinal epithelial damage. Method Tr1 cells were isolated and expanded from CD4+ CD44high FOXP3- cells. Their phenotype was characterized by flow cytometry and cytokine secretion was measured via ELISA. WT B6 mice were given 2% DSS in H2O for 7 days, followed by H2O alone for 7 days. Prior to DSS treatment, mice were sub-lethally irradiated to facilitate engraftment, and given I.P. injections of PBS or 0.5 – 2 x 106 Tr1 cells. Mice weights and health scores were recorded daily. At the endpoint, blood, spleen, and mesenteric lymph nodes were analyzed for Tr1 cell engraftment (or lack thereof) for each mouse. Complete white blood counts were performed for each mouse. Additionally, proximal, medial, and distal portions of the ileum were processed for histologic scoring. Result(s) Tr1 cells isolated from CD4+ CD44high FOXP3- cells produce high levels of IL-10 following stimulation (>35,000 pg/ml/1 x 105 cells). Additionally, these cells express high levels of Tr1 markers CD49b and Lag-3. Optimization experiments indicated no significant differences between mice irradiated and given DSS and mice only given DSS (no irradiation). Our results suggest no significant differences in inflammatory cell infiltrate scores between control and Tr1 treated mice. However, gut architecture scores appeared to improve with increasing Tr1 doses. Further, weight change improved with Tr1 treatment, as compared to PBS controls. Interestingly, Tr1 treatment appeared to decrease total eosinophil and neutrophil counts from peripheral blood. Conclusion(s) Our initial findings indicate Tr1 adoptive transfer prior to acute damage via DSS improves gut damage and weight loss. Please acknowledge all funding agencies by checking the applicable boxes below CIHR Disclosure of Interest None Declared
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Affiliation(s)
- C Poloni
- Microbiology & Immunology, University of British Columbia
| | - A Sze
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vanccouver
| | - X Wang
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vanccouver
| | - S Lim
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vanccouver
| | - T Steiner
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
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