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Tran TV, Siniavin AE, Hoang AN, Le MTT, Pham CD, Phung TV, Nguyen KC, Ziganshin RH, Tsetlin VI, Weng CF, Utkin YN. Phospholipase A 2 from krait Bungarus fasciatus venom induces human cancer cell death in vitro. PeerJ 2019; 7:e8055. [PMID: 31824756 PMCID: PMC6896944 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Snake venoms are the complex mixtures of different compounds manifesting a wide array of biological activities. The venoms of kraits (genus Bungarus, family Elapidae) induce mainly neurological symptoms; however, these venoms show a cytotoxicity against cancer cells as well. This study was conducted to identify in Bungarus fasciatus venom an active compound(s) exerting cytotoxic effects toward MCF7 human breast cancer cells and A549 human lung cancer cells. Methods The crude venom of B. fasciatus was separated by gel-filtration on Superdex HR 75 column and reversed phase HPLC on C18 column. The fractions obtained were screened for cytotoxic effect against MCF7, A549, and HK2 cell lines using colorimetric assay with the tetrazolium dye MTT- 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide. The primary structure of active protein was established by ultra high resolution LC-MS/MS. The molecular mechanism of the isolated protein action on MCF7 cells was elucidated by flow cytometry. Results MTT cell viability assays of cancer cells incubated with fractions isolated from B. fasciatus venom revealed a protein with molecular mass of about 13 kDa possessing significant cytotoxicity. This protein manifested the dose and time dependent cytotoxicity for MCF7 and A549 cell lines while showed no toxic effect on human normal kidney HK2 cells. In MCF7, flow cytometry analysis revealed a decrease in the proportion of Ki-67 positive cells. As Ki-67 protein is a cellular marker for proliferation, its decline indicates the reduction in the proliferation of MCF7 cells treated with the protein. Flow cytometry analysis of MCF7 cells stained with propidium iodide and Annexin V conjugated with allophycocyanin showed that a probable mechanism of cell death is apoptosis. Mass spectrometric studies showed that the cytotoxic protein was phospholipase A2. The amino acid sequence of this enzyme earlier was deduced from cloned cDNA, and in this work it was isolated from the venom as a protein for the first time. It is also the first krait phospholipase A2 manifesting the cytotoxicity for cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thien V Tran
- Tra Vinh University, Tra Vinh City, Vietnam.,Graduate University of Science and Technology VAST, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Andrei E Siniavin
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxinology, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anh N Hoang
- Graduate University of Science and Technology VAST, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Institute of Applied Materials Science VAST, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - My T T Le
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Chuong D Pham
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Trung V Phung
- Center for Research and Technology Transfer VAST, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Khoa C Nguyen
- Graduate University of Science and Technology VAST, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Institute of Applied Materials Science VAST, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Rustam H Ziganshin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Victor I Tsetlin
- Department of Molecular Neuroimmune Signalling, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ching-Feng Weng
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yuri N Utkin
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxinology, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
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2
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Nguyen TD, Nguyen TN, Nguyen KC, Tran QN, Hoang AN, Egorova NS, Starkov VG, Tsetlin VI, Utkin YN. Encapsulation of Neurotoxins, Blockers of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors, in Nanomaterials Based on Sulfated Polysaccharides. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2019; 487:251-255. [PMID: 31559591 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672919040021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Three-finger snake neurotoxins are selective antagonists of some nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes and are widely used to study these receptors. The peptide neurotoxin azemiopsin, recently isolated from the venom of Azemipos feae, is a selective blocker of muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. In order to reduce their toxicity and increase resistance under physiological conditions, we have encapsulated these toxins into nanomaterials. The study of nanomaterials after interaction with neurotoxins by the methods of transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering revealed an increase in the size of nanoparticles, which indicates the inclusion of neurotoxins in nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tr D Nguyen
- Institute of Applied Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - T N Nguyen
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Tra Vinh University, Tra Vinh City, Vietnam
| | - K C Nguyen
- Institute of Applied Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Q N Tran
- Institute of Applied Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - A N Hoang
- Institute of Applied Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - N S Egorova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - V G Starkov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - V I Tsetlin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yu N Utkin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997, Moscow, Russia.
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3
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Kasheverov IE, Oparin PB, Zhmak MN, Egorova NS, Ivanov IA, Gigolaev AM, Nekrasova OV, Serebryakova MV, Kudryavtsev DS, Prokopev NA, Hoang AN, Tsetlin VI, Vassilevski AA, Utkin YN. Scorpion toxins interact with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:2779-2789. [PMID: 31276191 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neurotoxins are among the main components of scorpion and snake venoms. Scorpion neurotoxins affect voltage-gated ion channels, while most snake neurotoxins target ligand-gated ion channels, mainly nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). We report that scorpion venoms inhibit α-bungarotoxin binding to both muscle-type nAChR from Torpedo californica and neuronal human α7 nAChR. Toxins inhibiting nAChRs were identified as OSK-1 (α-KTx family) from Orthochirus scrobiculosus and HelaTx1 (κ-KTx family) from Heterometrus laoticus, both being blockers of voltage-gated potassium channels. With an IC50 of 1.6 μm, OSK1 inhibits acetylcholine-induced current through mouse muscle-type nAChR heterologously expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Other well-characterized scorpion toxins from these families also bind to Torpedo nAChR with micromolar affinities. Our results indicate that scorpion neurotoxins present target promiscuity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor E Kasheverov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Peter B Oparin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim N Zhmak
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalya S Egorova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor A Ivanov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrei M Gigolaev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oksana V Nekrasova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina V Serebryakova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia
| | - Denis S Kudryavtsev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikita A Prokopev
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia
| | - Anh N Hoang
- Institute of Applied Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Victor I Tsetlin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A Vassilevski
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Dolgoprudny, Moscow Oblast, Russia
| | - Yuri N Utkin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Jiang X, Wong KHK, Khankhel AH, Zeinali M, Reategui E, Phillips MJ, Luo X, Aceto N, Fachin F, Hoang AN, Kim W, Jensen AE, Sequist LV, Maheswaran S, Haber DA, Stott SL, Toner M. Microfluidic isolation of platelet-covered circulating tumor cells. Lab Chip 2017; 17:3498-3503. [PMID: 28932842 PMCID: PMC5690580 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00654c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The interplay between platelets and tumor cells is known to play important roles in metastasis by enhancing tumor cell survival, tumor-vascular interactions, and escape from immune surveillance. However, platelet-covered circulating tumor cells (CTC) are extremely difficult to isolate due to masking or downregulation of surface epitopes. Here we describe a microfluidic platform that takes advantage of the satellite platelets on the surface of these "stealth" CTCs as a ubiquitous surface marker for isolation. Compared to conventional CTC enrichment techniques which rely on known surface markers expressed by tumor cells, platelet-targeted isolation is generally applicable to CTCs of both epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes. Our approach first depletes unbound, free platelets by means of hydrodynamic size-based sorting, followed by immunoaffinity-based capture of platelet-covered CTCs using a herringbone micromixing device. This method enabled the reliable isolation of CTCs from 66% of lung and 60% of breast cancer (both epithelial) patient samples, as well as in 83% of melanoma (mesenchymal) samples. Interestingly, we observed special populations of CTCs that were extensively covered by platelets, as well as CTC-leukocyte clusters. Because these cloaked CTCs often escape conventional positive and negative isolation mechanisms, further characterization of these cells may uncover important yet overlooked biological information in blood-borne metastasis and cancer immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocheng Jiang
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Keith H. K. Wong
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Aimal H. Khankhel
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Mahnaz Zeinali
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Eduardo Reategui
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Matthew J. Phillips
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Xi Luo
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Nicola Aceto
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Fabio Fachin
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Anh N. Hoang
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Wooseok Kim
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Annie E. Jensen
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Lecia V. Sequist
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Shyamala Maheswaran
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Daniel A. Haber
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Shannon L. Stott
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. ;
| | - Mehmet Toner
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. ;
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5
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Jones CN, Hoang AN, Martel JM, Dimisko L, Mikkola A, Inoue Y, Kuriyama N, Yamada M, Hamza B, Kaneki M, Warren HS, Brown DE, Irimia D. Microfluidic assay for precise measurements of mouse, rat, and human neutrophil chemotaxis in whole-blood droplets. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 100:241-7. [PMID: 26819316 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.5ta0715-310rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models of human disease differ in innate immune responses to stress, pathogens, or injury. Precise neutrophil phenotype measurements could facilitate interspecies comparisons. However, such phenotype comparisons could not be performed accurately with the use of current assays, as they require the separation of neutrophils from blood using species-specific protocols, and they introduce distinct artifacts. Here, we report a microfluidic technology that enables robust characterization of neutrophil migratory phenotypes in a manner independent of the donor species and performed directly in a droplet of whole blood. The assay relies on the particular ability of neutrophils to deform actively during chemotaxis through microscale channels that block the advance of other blood cells. Neutrophil migration is measured directly in blood, in the presence of other blood cells and serum factors. Our measurements reveal important differences among migration counts, velocity, and directionality among neutrophils from 2 common mouse strains, rats, and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline N Jones
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anh N Hoang
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joseph M Martel
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Laurie Dimisko
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amy Mikkola
- Center for Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yoshitaka Inoue
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Naohide Kuriyama
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marina Yamada
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bashar Hamza
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Masao Kaneki
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - H Shaw Warren
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Infectious Disease Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Diane E Brown
- Center for Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; and
| | - Daniel Irimia
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;
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6
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Jones CN, Hoang AN, Dimisko L, Hamza B, Martel J, Irimia D. Microfluidic platform for measuring neutrophil chemotaxis from unprocessed whole blood. J Vis Exp 2014. [PMID: 24962731 DOI: 10.3791/51215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils play an essential role in protection against infections and their numbers in the blood are frequently measured in the clinic. Higher neutrophil counts in the blood are usually an indicator of ongoing infections, while low neutrophil counts are a warning sign for higher risks for infections. To accomplish their functions, neutrophils also have to be able to move effectively from the blood where they spend most of their life, into tissues, where infections occur. Consequently, any defects in the ability of neutrophils to migrate can increase the risks for infections, even when neutrophils are present in appropriate numbers in the blood. However, measuring neutrophil migration ability in the clinic is a challenging task, which is time consuming, requires large volume of blood, and expert knowledge. To address these limitations, we designed a robust microfluidic assays for neutrophil migration, which requires a single droplet of unprocessed blood, circumvents the need for neutrophil separation, and is easy to quantify on a simple microscope. In this assay, neutrophils migrate directly from the blood droplet, through small channels, towards the source of chemoattractant. To prevent the granular flow of red blood cells through the same channels, we implemented mechanical filters with right angle turns that selectively block the advance of red blood cells. We validated the assay by comparing neutrophil migration from blood droplets collected from finger prick and venous blood. We also compared these whole blood (WB) sources with neutrophil migration from samples of purified neutrophils and found consistent speed and directionality between the three sources. This microfluidic platform will enable the study of human neutrophil migration in the clinic and the research setting to help advance our understanding of neutrophil functions in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline N Jones
- The BioMEMS Resource Center, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Shriners Burns Hospital
| | - Anh N Hoang
- The BioMEMS Resource Center, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Shriners Burns Hospital
| | - Laurie Dimisko
- The BioMEMS Resource Center, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital
| | - Bashar Hamza
- The BioMEMS Resource Center, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital
| | - Joseph Martel
- The BioMEMS Resource Center, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard University School of Engineering and Applied Sciences
| | - Daniel Irimia
- The BioMEMS Resource Center, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Shriners Burns Hospital;
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7
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Liong M, Hoang AN, Chung J, Gural N, Ford CB, Min C, Shah RR, Ahmad R, Fernandez-Suarez M, Fortune SM, Toner M, Lee H, Weissleder R. Magnetic barcode assay for genetic detection of pathogens. Nat Commun 2013; 4:1752. [PMID: 23612293 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The task of rapidly identifying patients infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in resource-constrained environments remains a challenge. A sensitive and robust platform that does not require bacterial isolation or culture is critical in making informed diagnostic and therapeutic decisions. Here we introduce a platform for the detection of nucleic acids based on a magnetic barcoding strategy. PCR-amplified mycobacterial genes are sequence-specifically captured on microspheres, labelled by magnetic nanoprobes and detected by nuclear magnetic resonance. All components are integrated into a single, small fluidic cartridge for streamlined on-chip operation. We use this platform to detect M. tuberculosis and identify drug-resistance strains from mechanically processed sputum samples within 2.5 h. The specificity of the assay is confirmed by detecting a panel of clinically relevant non-M. tuberculosis bacteria, and the clinical utility is demonstrated by the measurements in M. tuberculosis-positive patient specimens. Combined with portable systems, the magnetic barcode assay holds promise to become a sensitive, high-throughput and low-cost platform for point-of-care diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monty Liong
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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Mantel PY, Hoang AN, Goldowitz I, Potashnikova D, Hamza B, Vorobjev I, Ghiran I, Toner M, Irimia D, Ivanov AR, Barteneva N, Marti M. Malaria-infected erythrocyte-derived microvesicles mediate cellular communication within the parasite population and with the host immune system. Cell Host Microbe 2013; 13:521-534. [PMID: 23684304 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2013.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Revised: 03/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Humans and mice infected with different Plasmodium strains are known to produce microvesicles derived from the infected red blood cells (RBCs), denoted RMVs. Studies in mice have shown that RMVs are elevated during infection and have proinflammatory activity. Here we present a detailed characterization of RMV composition and function in the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Proteomics profiling revealed the enrichment of multiple host and parasite proteins, in particular of parasite antigens associated with host cell membranes and proteins involved in parasite invasion into RBCs. RMVs are quantitatively released during the asexual parasite cycle prior to parasite egress. RMVs demonstrate potent immunomodulatory properties on human primary macrophages and neutrophils. Additionally, RMVs are internalized by infected red blood cells and stimulate production of transmission stage parasites in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, RMVs mediate cellular communication within the parasite population and with the host innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Yves Mantel
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anh N Hoang
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 114 16(th) Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Ilana Goldowitz
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Daria Potashnikova
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Bashar Hamza
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 114 16(th) Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Ivan Vorobjev
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; A.N. Belozersky Institute for Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Ionita Ghiran
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mehmet Toner
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 114 16(th) Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Daniel Irimia
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 114 16(th) Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Alexander R Ivanov
- Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, 412 TF, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Natasha Barteneva
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Matthias Marti
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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9
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Hoang AN, Jones CN, Dimisko L, Hamza B, Martel J, Kojic N, Irimia D. Measuring neutrophil speed and directionality during chemotaxis, directly from a droplet of whole blood. Technology (Singap World Sci) 2013; 1:49. [PMID: 24809064 PMCID: PMC4010229 DOI: 10.1142/s2339547813500040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil chemotaxis is critical for defense against infections and its alterations could lead to chronic inflammation and tissue injury. The central role that transient alterations of neutrophil chemotaxis could have on patient outcomes calls for its quantification in the clinic. However, current methods for measuring neutrophil chemotaxis require large volumes of blood and are time consuming. To address the need for rapid and robust assays, we designed a microfluidic device that measures neutrophil chemotaxis directly from a single droplet of blood. We validated the assay by comparing neutrophil chemotaxis from finger prick, venous blood and purified neutrophil samples. We found consistent average velocity of (19 ± 6 μm/min) and directionality (91.1%) between the three sources. We quantified the variability in neutrophil chemotaxis between healthy donors and found no significant changes over time. We also validated the device in the clinic and documented temporary chemotaxis deficiencies after burn injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh N. Hoang
- The BioMEMS Resource Center, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
- Correspondence should be addressed to D.I. ()
| | - Caroline N. Jones
- The BioMEMS Resource Center, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Shriners Burns Hospital, Boston, USA
- Correspondence should be addressed to D.I. ()
| | - Laurie Dimisko
- The BioMEMS Resource Center, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Bashar Hamza
- The BioMEMS Resource Center, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Joseph Martel
- The BioMEMS Resource Center, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Boston, USA
| | - Nikola Kojic
- The BioMEMS Resource Center, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Daniel Irimia
- The BioMEMS Resource Center, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Shriners Burns Hospital, Boston, USA
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Hoang AN, Sandlin RD, Omar A, Egan TJ, Wright DW. The neutral lipid composition present in the digestive vacuole of Plasmodium falciparum concentrates heme and mediates β-hematin formation with an unusually low activation energy. Biochemistry 2010; 49:10107-16. [PMID: 20979358 DOI: 10.1021/bi101397u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, neutral lipids serve as major energy storage molecules; however, in Plasmodium falciparum, a parasite responsible for causing malaria in humans, neutral lipids may have other functions during the intraerythrocytic stage of the parasite life cycle. Specifically, experimental data suggest that neutral lipid structures behave as a catalyst for the crystallization of hemozoin, a detoxification byproduct of several blood-feeding organisms, including malaria parasites. Synthetic neutral lipid droplets (SNLDs) were produced by depositing a lipid blend solution comprised of mono- and diglycerides onto an aqueous surface. These lipid droplets are able to mediate the production of brown pigments that are morphologically and chemically identical to hemozoin. The partitioning of heme into these SNLDs was examined by employing Nile Red, a lipid specific dye. Soluble ferriprotoporphyrin IX was observed to spontaneously localize to the lipid droplets, partitioning in a pH-dependent manner with an estimated log P of 2.6. Interestingly, the pH profile of heme partitioning closely resembles that of β-hematin formation. Differential scanning calorimetry and kinetic studies demonstrated that the SNLDs provide a unique environment that promotes hemozoin formation. SNLD-mediated formation of the malaria pigment displayed an activation energy barrier lower than those of individual lipid components. In particular, lipid droplets composed of diglycerides displayed activation barriers lower than those composed of monoglycerides. This difference was attributed to the greater fluidity of these lipids. In conjunction with the known pattern of lipid body proliferation, it is suggested that neutral lipid structures within the digestive vacuole not only are the location of in vivo hemozoin formation but are also essential for the survival of the parasite by functioning as a kinetically competent and site specific mediator for heme detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh N Hoang
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Station B351822, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
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Yuan J, Hoang AN, Romero CA, Lin H, Dai Y, Wang R. Vacuum therapy in erectile dysfunction--science and clinical evidence. Int J Impot Res 2010; 22:211-9. [PMID: 20410903 DOI: 10.1038/ijir.2010.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Vacuum therapy (VT) utilizes negative pressure to distend the corporal sinusoids and to increase the blood inflow to the penis. Depending on its purpose, VT could be used as vacuum constriction device (VCD), with the aid of an external constricting ring which is placed at the base of penis to prevent blood outflow, maintaining the erection for sexual intercourse. Also, as a vacuum erectile device (VED), without the application of a constriction ring, just increases blood oxygenation to the corpora cavernosa and for other purposes. The emerging of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (PDE(5)I) for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) eclipsed VCD as therapeutic choice for ED; however, widespread usage of VED as part of penile rehabilitation after radical prostatectomy and other purposes rekindle the interest for VT. The underlying hypothesis is that the artificial induction of erections shortly after surgery facilitates tissue oxygenation, reducing cavernosal fibrosis in the absence of nocturnal erections, and potentially increases the likelihood of preserving erectile function. Due to its ability to draw blood into the penis regardless of nerve disturbance, VED has become the centerpiece of penile rehabilitation protocols. Herein, we reviewed the history, mechanism, application, side effects and future direction of VT in ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yuan
- Division of Urology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Hoang AN, Ncokazi KK, de Villiers KA, Wright DW, Egan TJ. Crystallization of synthetic haemozoin (beta-haematin) nucleated at the surface of lipid particles. Dalton Trans 2009; 39:1235-44. [PMID: 20104349 DOI: 10.1039/b914359a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of formation of haemozoin, a detoxification by-product of several blood-feeding organisms including malaria parasites, has been a subject of debate; however, recent studies suggest that neutral lipids may serve as a catalyst. In this study, a model system consisting of an emulsion of neutral lipid particles was employed to investigate the formation of beta-haematin, the synthetic counterpart of haemozoin, at the lipid-water interface. A solution of monoglyceride, either monostearoylglycerol (MSG) or monopalmitoylglycerol (MPG), dissolved in acetone and methanol was introduced to an aqueous surface. Fluorescence, confocal and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) imaging and dynamic light scattering analysis of samples obtained from beneath the surface confirmed the presence of homogeneous lipid particles existing in two major populations: one in the low micrometre size range and the other in the hundred nanometre range. The introduction of haem (Fe(iii)PPIX) to this lipid particle system under biomimetic conditions (37 degrees C, pH 4.8) produced beta-haematin with apparent first-order kinetics and an average half life of 0.5 min. TEM of monoglycerides (MSG or MPG) extruded through a 200 nm filter with haem produced beta-haematin crystals aligned and parallel to the lipid-water interface. These TEM data, together with a model system replacing the lipid with an aqueous organic solvent interface using either methyl laurate or docosane demonstrated that the OH and C[double bond, length as m-dash]O groups are apparently necessary for efficient nucleation. This suggests that beta-haematin crystallizes via epitaxial nucleation at the lipid-water interface through interaction of Fe(iii)PPIX with the polar head group. Once nucleated, the crystal grows parallel to the interface until growth is terminated by the curvature of the lipid particle. The hydrophobic nature of the mature crystal favours an interior transport resulting in crystals aligned parallel to the lipid-water interface and each other, strikingly similar to that seen in malaria parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh N Hoang
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Station B351822, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
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Pashkov VS, Maiorov VN, Bystrov VF, Hoang AN, Volkova TM, Grishin EV. Solution spatial structure of 'long' neurotoxin M9 from the scorpion Buthus eupeus by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Biophys Chem 1988; 31:121-31. [PMID: 3233282 DOI: 10.1016/0301-4622(88)80016-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
1H-NMR spectra of Buthus eupeus neurotoxin M9 (66 amino acid residues, four disulfide bonds) reveal two slowly exchangeable conformations at acidic pH. The spatial structure of the conformer prevailing under physiologically relevant conditions has been determined from two-dimensional 1H-NMR data treated by means of a distance geometry algorithm and refined by molecular modelling. Interrelation between the structure and function of mammalian neurotoxin M9 is discussed by comparing its conformation with those of the scorpion insectotoxins which exhibit different biological specificity (insectotoxins v-2, v-3 and I5A).
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Pashkov
- Shemyakin Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, U.S.S.R
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