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Sheth ABN, Patra A, Mahajan D. Anatomical variations and developmental insights of tendons in the first extensor compartment of the hand: Cadaveric study with surgical implications. Clin Ter 2024; 175:26-33. [PMID: 38358474 DOI: 10.7417/ct.2024.5030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Background Anatomical variations in first extensor compartment play a role in the development of de Quervain's disease. This study delves into the detailed examination of these anatomical variations. Methods 50 upper limbs (28 male and 22 female) from 25 for-malin-embalmed adult human cadavers were dissected to investigate variations in tendons of first extensor compartment. Results Accessory tendons to main tendon of abductor pollicis longus (APL) were reported in 49 (98%) cases, with 34% having two accessory tendons, 52% having three, and 12% having four. Terminal ends of these accessory tendons were generally consistent, except in one case where it split into two tendinous bands at insertion site, which was most commonly at base of first metacarpal. Extensor pollicis brevis (EPB) was found as a single tendon in 48 cases, with one case each of duplication and absence. In 19 cases (38%), muscle belly of EPB was fused with that of APL to some extent and it typically inserted at base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb. Average length of muscle belly, tendon, and muscle tendon ratio (MTR) of APL was 15.99±0.62 cm, 5.91±0.76 cm and 2.71 and of EPB was 6.39±0.29 cm, 9.15±0.74 cm and 0.70 respectively. Conclusion APL variations range from accessory tendons, splitting of tendons to various insertion points. Additionally, length and insertions points of these accessory tendons are key factors in deciding their usability as graft sources for tendon reconstruction and in surgical treatments of conditions like de Quervain's tenosynovitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B N Sheth
- Dr HSJ Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Panjab University, Chandigarh
| | - A Patra
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda India
| | - D Mahajan
- Dr HSJ Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Panjab University, Chandigarh
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Patra A, Bandyopadhyay A, Roy S, Mondal JA. Origin of Strong Hydrogen Bonding and Preferred Orientation of Water at Uncharged Polyethylene Glycol Polymer/Water Interface. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:11359-11366. [PMID: 38065092 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Polyethylene glycol (PEG), a water-soluble non-ionic polymer, finds diverse applications from Li-ion batteries to drug delivery. The effectiveness of PEG in these contexts hinges on water's behavior at PEG/water interfaces. Employing heterodyne-detected vibrational sum frequency generation and Raman spectroscopy along with a novel analytical approach, termed difference spectroscopy with simultaneous curve-fitting analysis, we observed that water exhibits both "hydrogen-up" and "hydrogen-down" orientations at PEG(≥400u)/water interfaces. As the molar mass of PEG increases, the contribution of the strongly hydrogen-bonded and H-up-oriented water rises. We propose that the PEG-affected interfacial water originates from the asymmetrical hydration of the surface-adsorbed PEG, as evidenced by the resemblance between the water spectra in the hydration shell of PEG and those at the PEG/water interface. These findings elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying PEG's catalytic role in water splitting at membrane interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Animesh Patra
- School of Chemistry, Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, Mumbai 400098, India
| | - Anisha Bandyopadhyay
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Subhadip Roy
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Jahur Alam Mondal
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
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3
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Patra A, Asghar A, Pushpa NB, Ravi KS. A Closer Look at Anatomy Educator Safety: Identifying and Preventing Workplace Hazards: A narrative review. Clin Ter 2023; 174:436-443. [PMID: 37674454 DOI: 10.7417/ct.2023.2462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Anatomy, one of medicine's vital subjects, demands extreme visualization to understand the intricate architecture of the human body. Although various other methods of virtual dissections are in place, an increasing number of anatomists, clinicians, and surgeons are advocating for re-enhancing anatomical education through traditional cadaveric dissection. These traditional pedagogies potentially expose anatomy educators to various risks in the dissection laboratory, which endangers their health and well-being. Unfortunately, no one is counting on them or the hazards they face. It's like saying, "Fall ill at your own peril." Various studies have revealed the occupational hazards anatomists are exposed to, but the issue remains unheard of or relatively heard. Hence, this narrative review aims to highlight numerous occupational risks that anatomists face worldwide, particularly in underdeveloped or developing nations. Simultaneously, the authors strongly advocate that competent authorities review and evaluate the working conditions of anatomy laboratories and frame policies that ensure the rights and optimal health of anatomy educators.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Patra
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, India
| | - A Asghar
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | - N B Pushpa
- Department of Anatomy, JSS Medical College, Mysore, India
| | - K S Ravi
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, India
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4
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Hsiao Y, Chou TH, Patra A, Wen YC. Momentum-dependent sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy of bonded interface layer at charged water interfaces. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadg2823. [PMID: 37043576 PMCID: PMC10096568 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg2823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Interface-specific hydrogen (H)-bonding network of water directly controls the energy transfer and chemical reaction pathway at many charged aqueous interfaces, yet to characterize these bonded water layer structures remains a challenge. We now develop a sum-frequency spectroscopic scheme with varying photon momenta as an all-optic solution for retrieving the vibrational spectra of the bonded water layer and the ion diffuse layer and, hence, microscopic structural and charging information about an interface. Application of the method to a model surfactant-water interface reveals a hidden weakly donor H-bonded water species, suggesting an asymmetric hydration-shell structure of fully solvated surfactant headgroups. In another application to a zwitterionic phosphatidylcholine lipid monolayer-water interface, we find a highly polarized bonded water layer structure associating to the phosphatidylcholine headgroup, while the diffuse layer contribution is experimentally proven to be negligible. Our all-optic method offers an in situ microscopic probe of electrochemical and biological interfaces and the route toward future imaging and ultrafast dynamics studies.
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Patra A, Ravi KS, Asghar A. Reply to: Do virtual dissection tables add benefit to cadaver-based anatomy education? An evaluation. Morphologie 2023; 107:158-159. [PMID: 35643742 DOI: 10.1016/j.morpho.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Patra
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Anatomy, Bathinda, India.
| | - K S Ravi
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Anatomy, Bathinda, India
| | - A Asghar
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Anatomy, Bathinda, India
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Mondal S, Pyne S, Pyne P, Patra A, Mitra RK, Ghosh S. Interfacial Structure and Electrostatics Related to Solute Activity in a Model Anionic-Surfactant/Polymer Self-Assembly. Langmuir 2023; 39:2850-2858. [PMID: 36758211 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c03447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Polymer/surfactant composites are used in industry as an excipient for water-insoluble solutes. Such enhanced dissolution ability of composite media is related to the spontaneous formation of pre-micellar polymer surfactant aggregates (PS) at a magnitude of order lower than the surfactant critical micelle concentration in water. Combining electrochemical and spectroscopic studies, we investigate the microscopic interfacial structure (i.e., interface electrostatics and surface polarity) of PS formed in composite media. We establish that in a composite system, a mere change in the polymer concentration at a fixed surfactant concentration makes possible to regulate the counter-ion binding ability, surface potential, surface charge density, packing and surface polarity of the PS interface. Our study shows that the higher dissolution of water-insoluble nonionic solutes in composite media is driven by the depressing of surface charge density and polarity of the PS interface. A similar modulation of the PS interface acts as a barrier for the passive relocation of water-soluble charged solutes into the PS pseudo-phase. The time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy study allows us to underline the effect of surface charge modulation on the dynamical aspects of solutes at the PS interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Mondal
- Centre for Surface Science, Physical Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sumana Pyne
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Partha Pyne
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Animesh Patra
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Rajib Kumar Mitra
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Soumen Ghosh
- Centre for Surface Science, Physical Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
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Patra A, Ravi KS, Asghar A. Cadaveric dissection in Anatomical science education: Then and now. Morphologie 2022; 107:167-168. [PMID: 36566107 DOI: 10.1016/j.morpho.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Patra
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, India.
| | - K S Ravi
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | - A Asghar
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
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Tiwari V, Ali FB, Patra A, Dhiman A, Sharma SK. The conundrum of olecranon aperture and its relation to the distal end of the humerus in a modern Indian population: An anatomical and surgical perspective. Morphologie 2022; 107:199-206. [PMID: 36127255 DOI: 10.1016/j.morpho.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to clarify the morphology of the olecranon aperture (OA) of the humerus with its relationship to the distal end of the humerus (epicondylar width) and the width of the medullary canal. METHODS In total, 156 dry adult humeri were examined for the presence of OA. When present, we reported their shape, measured transverse (TD) and vertical diameter (VD), the distance from its medial border to the tip of medial epicondyle (D1), lateral border to the tip of lateral epicondyle (D2) and lower border to the tip of trochlea (D3). The epicondylar width (EW) and the width of the medullary canal were also measured in all the humeri. RESULTS OA was reported in 32 humeri (20.6%) with left side predominance, translucent septum in 35.8%, and opaque septum in 43.6%. The most typical shape noted was oval. On right side, mean VD and TD was 4.30±0.54mm and 5.85±0.45mm, respectively, whereas on left, these value were 4.21±0.56mm and 5.64±0.43mm, respectively. The mean of D1, D2 and D3 was 25.86±0.43mm, 26.50±0.28mm and 15.07±0.53mm on right and 24.80±0.41mm, 26.84±0.21mm and 15.81±0.31mm on left with significant difference (P<0.05). The medullary canal was significantly smaller in humeri with OA. CONCLUSION Topographic location of OA may have possible role in determining safe zone for retrograde nailing in supracondylar humeral fractures. Since OA has a direct relation to the size of the intramedullary canal, it is crucial during preoperative planning and choosing an adequate surgical approach involving lower segment of humerus.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Tiwari
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bathinda, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - F B Ali
- Government Medical College Ratlam, Ratlam, India
| | - A Patra
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bathinda, Bathinda, Punjab, India.
| | - A Dhiman
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bathinda, Bathinda, Punjab, India; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bilaspur, India
| | - S K Sharma
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bathinda, Bathinda, Punjab, India; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bilaspur, India
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9
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Roy S, Patra A, Palit DK, Mondal JA. Interaction of Zwitterionic Osmolyte Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) with Molecular Hydrophobes: An Interplay of Hydrophobic and Electrostatic Interactions. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:10939-10946. [PMID: 34570979 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c05694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Interaction of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) with charged/uncharged moieties of proteins and lipids is an important elementary step toward the multifaceted biofunctions of TMAO. Using minimum area Raman difference spectroscopy (MA-RDS) of aqueous TMAO (1.0 M) in the presence of deuterated molecular hydrophobes (e.g., deuterated tetramethylammonium cation (d-TMA+) and tert-butylalcohol (d-TBA)), we show that TMAO exhibits two distinct motifs of interaction with the cationic (d-TMA+) and uncharged (d-TBA) hydrophobes. Specifically, the trimethylammonium moiety of TMAO undergoes van der Waals attraction with the tert-butyl group of d-TBA, which is governed by their mutual hydrophobic interaction with water. This makes their methyl groups less exposed to water. In contrast, for the cationic hydrophobe (d-TMA+), TMAO interacts electrostatically via its negatively charged-oxygen, which in turn orients the TMAO-methyls away from the hydrophobe (d-TMA+), keeping them exposed to water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhadip Roy
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Animesh Patra
- School of Chemistry, Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, University of Mumbai, Kalina Campus, Santacruz (E), Mumbai 400098, India
| | - Dipak K Palit
- School of Chemistry, Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, University of Mumbai, Kalina Campus, Santacruz (E), Mumbai 400098, India
| | - Jahur Alam Mondal
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
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10
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Patra A, Asghar A, Ravi KS, Duparc F, Arora S. The morphological and morphometric analysis of the variant patterns of the tricipital aponeurosis: a new anatomical classification with possible clinical implications. Folia Morphol (Warsz) 2021; 81:1022-1030. [PMID: 34590297 DOI: 10.5603/fm.a2021.0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tricipital aponeurosis (TA) has gained attraction as a constant and reliable landmark to identify the location of radial nerve in the setting of fracture distal humeri. The aponeurosis itself shows variant anatomical patterns. In this study, we intend to provide a comprehensive description and functional classification of observed anatomical variations with possible clinical implications. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty arms belonging to 30 adult cadavers were studied. TA was examined grossly to document variations in its shape and classified accordingly. Subsequently, length and breadth of TA were measured. The distance of the radial nerve (RN) from the point of confluence and from the lateral border of TA was also measured (tricepso-radial distance [TRD]). These distances were correlated with the different patterns of TA obtained. RESULTS Based on the shape of the proximal apex of TA or point of confluence and frequency of their occurrence, we propose a new classification of 4 patterns for the TA anatomy. Pattern I: classically seen as the triangular proximal apex (76.67%); pattern II: tongue shaped or blunt proximal apex (18.33%); pattern III: bifurcated or dual proximal apex (3.33%); pattern IV: as the absence of TA (1.67%). The mean of length and breadth of TA was 16.58 ± 2.05 cm and 3.61 ± 0.61 cm, respectively. The mean distance of RN from point of confluence and lateral border of TA was 3.57 ± 0.19 cm and 2.04 ± 0.56 cm, respectively. The length, breadth of TA and TRD differs amongst the different patterns of TA. CONCLUSIONS Anatomical variations in the shape and size of TA are frequently encountered. The proposed, hitherto undescribed, classification may make operating surgeon aware of these morphological variations and help prevent iatrogenic injury to RN. Such classification is simple and unique; however, its success relies upon universal acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Patra
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Department of Anatomy, AIIMS, Bathinda, India
| | - A Asghar
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Department of Anatomy, AIIMS, Bathinda, India.,All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | - K S Ravi
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India.
| | | | - S Arora
- Maulana Azad Medical College, Department of Anatomy, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi, India
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Shaw S, Patra A, Misra A, Nayak MK, Chamkha AJ. A Numerical Approach to the Modeling of Thomson and Troian Slip on Nonlinear Radiative Microrotation of Casson Carreau Nanomaterials in Magnetohydrodynamics. j nanofluids 2021. [DOI: 10.1166/jon.2021.1790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The goal of the current work is to explore the influence of Thompson and Troian slip on the hydromagnetic microrotations of Carreau nanomaterials over a linearly stretched surface subject to NLTR, viscous dissipation, Newtonian heating, homogenous and heterogeneous reactions. Effect
of non linear slip (Thompson and Troian slip) on non Newtonian nanofluid (Carreau nanofluid) subject to microrotation is the novelty of the investigation. Shooting technique is the instrumental to get appropriate numerical solution. The significant outcomes of the current study are that Casson
parameter and Weissenberg number exhibit opposite results for velocity and heat transfer rate due to flow of micropolar Carreau nanofluid. Further, more and more Thompson and Troian slip yields diminution of flow velocity as well as microrotations. Amplifying Casson parameter intensifies the
HTR from the stretched surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Shaw
- Department of Mathematics and Statistical Sciences, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Private Bag 16, Palapye, Botswana
| | - A. Patra
- Department of Mathematics, Govt. Autonomous College, Rourkela, Odisha 769004, India
| | - A. Misra
- Department of Mathematics, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi, Gajapati 761211, Odisha, India
| | - M. K. Nayak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, FET, ITER, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar 751030, India
| | - Ali J. Chamkha
- Faculty of Engineering, Kuwait College of Science and Technology, Doha District, 35004, Kuwait
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12
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Mondal S, Pyne P, Patra A, Mitra RK, Ghosh S. Effect of Surfactant Tail Length on the Hydroxypropyl Cellulose-Mediated Premicellar Aggregation of Sodium n-Alkyl Sulfate Surfactants. Langmuir 2021; 37:6168-6177. [PMID: 33969683 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polymer/surfactant composites have emerged as a subject of interest for their diverse applications. The improved solution properties in polymer/surfactant composites have been correlated to the formation of premicellar surfactant aggregate-polymer complexes (PS) at a surfactant concentration well below their critical micelle concentrations. Using different physicochemical and spectroscopic techniques here we have studied PS formed by hydroxypropyl cellulose, a nonionic-biocompatible polymer, and alkyl sulfate surfactants of different tail lengths. Our study shows that an increase in surfactant tail length eases PS formation and enhances PS-induced polymer cross-linking and, correspondingly, solution viscosity. PS consisting of shorter tail surfactants and those with longer tail surfactants differ microscopically as the former offers more polar interior than the later as evidenced from fluorescence measurements. Our study establishes that shorter tail surfactants intend to stay loosely packed inside PS and allow larger water penetration, which creates a relatively polar hydrophobic core compared to the PS with longer tail surfactants. The stronger packing of PS with longer tail surfactants is an outcome of favorable interaction between polymer polar groups and surfactant headgroups, which further creates strongly hydrogen-bonded water in their hydration shell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Mondal
- Centre for Surface Science, Physical Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Partha Pyne
- Department of Chemical, Biological & Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, JD-Block, Sec-III, Salt Lake, Kolkata700106, India
| | - Animesh Patra
- Department of Chemical, Biological & Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, JD-Block, Sec-III, Salt Lake, Kolkata700106, India
| | - Rajib Kumar Mitra
- Department of Chemical, Biological & Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, JD-Block, Sec-III, Salt Lake, Kolkata700106, India
| | - Soumen Ghosh
- Centre for Surface Science, Physical Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
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Humphreys D, Kupresanin A, Boyer MD, Canik J, Chang CS, Cyr EC, Granetz R, Hittinger J, Kolemen E, Lawrence E, Pascucci V, Patra A, Schissel D. Advancing Fusion with Machine Learning Research Needs Workshop Report. J Fusion Energ 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10894-020-00258-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMachine learning and artificial intelligence (ML/AI) methods have been used successfully in recent years to solve problems in many areas, including image recognition, unsupervised and supervised classification, game-playing, system identification and prediction, and autonomous vehicle control. Data-driven machine learning methods have also been applied to fusion energy research for over 2 decades, including significant advances in the areas of disruption prediction, surrogate model generation, and experimental planning. The advent of powerful and dedicated computers specialized for large-scale parallel computation, as well as advances in statistical inference algorithms, have greatly enhanced the capabilities of these computational approaches to extract scientific knowledge and bridge gaps between theoretical models and practical implementations. Large-scale commercial success of various ML/AI applications in recent years, including robotics, industrial processes, online image recognition, financial system prediction, and autonomous vehicles, have further demonstrated the potential for data-driven methods to produce dramatic transformations in many fields. These advances, along with the urgency of need to bridge key gaps in knowledge for design and operation of reactors such as ITER, have driven planned expansion of efforts in ML/AI within the US government and around the world. The Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science programs in Fusion Energy Sciences (FES) and Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR) have organized several activities to identify best strategies and approaches for applying ML/AI methods to fusion energy research. This paper describes the results of a joint FES/ASCR DOE-sponsored Research Needs Workshop on Advancing Fusion with Machine Learning, held April 30–May 2, 2019, in Gaithersburg, MD (full report available at https://science.osti.gov/-/media/fes/pdf/workshop-reports/FES_ASCR_Machine_Learning_Report.pdf). The workshop drew on broad representation from both FES and ASCR scientific communities, and identified seven Priority Research Opportunities (PRO’s) with high potential for advancing fusion energy. In addition to the PRO topics themselves, the workshop identified research guidelines to maximize the effectiveness of ML/AI methods in fusion energy science, which include focusing on uncertainty quantification, methods for quantifying regions of validity of models and algorithms, and applying highly integrated teams of ML/AI mathematicians, computer scientists, and fusion energy scientists with domain expertise in the relevant areas.
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14
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Patra A, Baheti AD, Ankathi SK, Desouza A, Engineer R, Ostwal V, Ramaswamy A, Saklani A. Can Post-Treatment MRI Features Predict Pathological Circumferential Resection Margin (pCRM) Involvement in Low Rectal Tumors. Indian J Surg Oncol 2020; 11:720-725. [PMID: 33281411 DOI: 10.1007/s13193-020-01218-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The MERCURY II study demonstrated the use of MRI-based risk factors such as extramural venous invasion (EMVI), tumor location, and circumferential resection margin (CRM) involvement to preoperatively predict pCRM (pathological CRM) outcomes for lower rectal tumors in a mixed group of upfront operated patients and patients who received neoadjuvant treatment. We aim to study the applicability of results of MERCURY II study in a homogeneous cohort of patients who received neoadjuvant chemoradiation (NACTRT) prior to surgery. After Institutional Review Board approval, post NACTRT restaging MRI of 132 patients operated for low rectal cancer between 2014 and 2018 were retrospectively reviewed by two radiologists for site of tumor, EMVI status, distance from anal verge (< 4 or > 4 cm), and mrCRM positivity. Findings were compared with post surgery pCRM outcomes using Fisher's exact test. Only 9/132(7%) patients showed pCRM involvement on histopathology, 8 of them being CRM positive on MRI (p = 0.01). The positive predictive value (PPV) of mrCRM positive status and pCRM status was 12.7% (95% CI: 9.7-16.5%), while the negative predictive value was 98.5% (95% CI: 91.4-99.8%) (p = 0.01). EMVI positive and anteriorly located tumors showed higher incidence of pCRM positivity but were not found to be significant (15% vs 5.2% and p = 0.13 and 8.6% vs 2.1% and p = 0.28, respectively). Unsafe mrCRM was the only factor significantly associated with pCRM positivity on post neoadjuvant restaging MRI. Tumors less than 4 cm from anal verge, anterior tumor location, and mrEMVI positivity did not show statistically significant results to predict pCRM involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Patra
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India.,Department of Radiodiagnosis, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - A D Baheti
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India.,Department of Radiodiagnosis, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - S K Ankathi
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India.,Department of Radiodiagnosis, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - A Desouza
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.,Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - R Engineer
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - V Ostwal
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.,Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - A Ramaswamy
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.,Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - A Saklani
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.,Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
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Roy S, Patra A, Saha S, Palit DK, Mondal JA. Restructuring of Hydration Shell Water due to Solvent-Shared Ion Pairing (SSIP): A Case Study of Aqueous MgCl 2 and LaCl 3 Solutions. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:8141-8148. [PMID: 32816482 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c05681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Hydration of ions plays a crucial role in interionic interactions and associated processes in aqueous media, but selective probing of the hydration shell water is nontrivial. Here, we introduce Raman difference with simultaneous curve fitting (RD-SCF) analysis to extract the OH-stretch spectrum of hydration shell water, not only for the fully hydrated ions (Mg2+, La3+, and Cl-) but also for the ion pairs. RD-SCF analyses of diluted MgCl2 (0.18 M) and LaCl3 (0.12 M) solutions relative to aqueous NaCl of equivalent Cl- concentrations provide the OH-stretch spectra of water in the hydration shells of fully hydrated Mg2+ and La3+ cations relative to that of Na+. Integrated intensities of the hydration shell spectra of Mg2+ and La3+ ions increase linearly with the salt concentration (up to 2.0 M MgCl2 and 1.3 M LaCl3), which suggests no contact ion pair (CIP) formation in the MgCl2 and LaCl3 solutions. Nevertheless, the band shapes of the cation hydration shell spectra show a growing signature of Cl--associated water with the rising salt concentration, which is a manifestation of the formation of a solvent-shared ion pair (SSIP). The OH-stretch spectrum of the shared/intervening water in the SSIP, retrieved by second-round RD-SCF analysis (2RD-SCF), shows that the average H-bonding of the shared water is weaker than that of the hydration water of the fully hydrated cation (Mg2+ or La3+) but stronger than that of the anion (Cl-). The shared water displays an overall second-order dependence on the concentration of the interacting ions, unveiling 1:1 stoichiometry of the SSIP formed between Mg2+ and Cl- as well as La3+ and Cl-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhadip Roy
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Animesh Patra
- School of Chemistry, Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, Mumbai 400098, India
| | - Subhamoy Saha
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Dipak K Palit
- School of Chemistry, Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, Mumbai 400098, India
| | - Jahur Alam Mondal
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400085, India
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16
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Pyne P, Samanta N, Patra A, Das A, Sen P, Mitra RK. Polyethylene glycols affect electron transfer rate in phenosafranin-DNA complex. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2020; 225:117464. [PMID: 31465973 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Long distance electron transfer (ET) between small ligands and DNA is a much studied phenomenon and is principally believed to occur through electron (or hole) hopping. Several studies have been carried out in aqueous environments while in real biological milieu the DNA molecules experience a more dense and heterogeneous environment containing otherwise indifferent molecular crowders. It is therefore expected that the ET could get modified in the presence of crowding agent and to investigate that we have made elaborate studies on steady state and time-resolved (picosecond (ps) and femtosecond (fs)-resolved) emission properties of a phenosafranine (PSF) intercalated to calf thymus (CT) DNA in the presence of ethylene glycol (EG) and polyethylene glycols (PEG) of different chain lengths (PEG 200, 400 and 1000). The emission of PSF gets considerably quenched when intercalated to DNA; the quenching is released when PEGs are added into it. The structural integrity of the CT DNA has been established using circular dichroism spectroscopy. CD measurements have evidenced only marginal changes in the DNA structure upon the addition of PEGs. ps-Resolved fluorescence measurements show significant decrease in the contribution of the DNA induced quenched time-constant of PSF upon the addition of PEGs, however, fs-resolved measurements show less noticeable changes in the time constants. Our study shows that the electron hopping rate through the guanine base in DNA core remains unaffected whereas the 'through space' electron transfer process does get affected in the presence of molecular crowders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha Pyne
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S N Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700 106, India
| | - Nirnay Samanta
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S N Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700 106, India
| | - Animesh Patra
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S N Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700 106, India
| | - Aritra Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208 016, UP, India
| | - Pratik Sen
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208 016, UP, India.
| | - Rajib Kumar Mitra
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S N Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700 106, India.
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17
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Abstract
Growth and survival of biological cells (eukaryotes and prokaryotes) on artificial environments often depend on their interactions with the specific surface. Various organic materials can be coated on substrates to assist cells' adhesion and other subsequent cellular processes. However, these coatings are expensive, degrade over short time period, and may even interfere with the cells' signaling processes. Therefore, the use of inorganic surfaces in order to control cellular interactions is of scientific importance from fundamental and application perspectives. Among inorganic materials, oxide thin films have received considerable attention. Thin films of oxides have the advantage of tailoring the surfaces for cellular interactions while using a negligible amount of the oxide material. Here, we review the lesser known application of inorganic oxide coatings as biocompatible and implantable platforms for different purposes, such as biofilm inhibition, cell culture and implant enhancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Khokhlova
- Laboratoire CRISMAT, CNRS UMR 6508, ENSICAEN, Normandie Université, 6 Bd Maréchal Juin, F-14050 Caen Cedex 4, France
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18
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Samanta N, Das Mahanta D, Patra A, Mitra RK. Soft interaction and excluded volume effect compete as polyethylene glycols modulate enzyme activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 118:209-215. [PMID: 29920368 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Polyethylene glycols (PEGs) can either preferentially bind to biomolecules or exert excluded volume effect depending upon their chain length and concentration. We have studied the effect of ethylene glycol (EG) and PEGs of different chain lengths (Mn 400 and 4000) on the enzyme efficiency of hen-egg-white lysozyme (HEWL) on Micrococcus lysodeikticus (M. Lys.) cell. The activity shows a bell-like profile as the turnover number increases from ~1.3 × 105 s-1 M-1 in water to ~1.7 × 105 s-1 M-1 in presence of 2% PEG-400 beyond which it decreases to ~0.7 × 105 s-1 M-1 at 20% PEG-400. Solvent polarity, excluded volume effect, soft nonspecific interactions and structural flexibility are found to be the competing factors which govern the overall enzyme activity as evidenced from circular dichroism (CD) and fluorescence measurements. Thermal unfolding temperature (Tm) of HEWL also shows a bell-shaped profile with PEG concentration which establishes possible correlation with its activity. We also observe a minimum in the activation energy barrier for the catalysis at low osmolyte concentrations. The maximum in the enzyme efficiency has been explained on the basis of an optimization between excluded volume effect and soft interaction among the protein and the cosolutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirnay Samanta
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector III, Salt Lake Kolkata 700106, India.
| | - Debasish Das Mahanta
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector III, Salt Lake Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Animesh Patra
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector III, Salt Lake Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Rajib Kumar Mitra
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector III, Salt Lake Kolkata 700106, India.
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Mondal S, Pan A, Patra A, Mitra RK, Ghosh S. Ionic liquid mediated micelle to vesicle transition of a cationic gemini surfactant: a spectroscopic investigation. Soft Matter 2018; 14:4185-4193. [PMID: 29744497 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm02241g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this contribution, we have examined a composition dependent self aggregated structural modification of a catanionic mixture of the surface active ionic liquid (IL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium octyl sulphate and a cationic gemini surfactant (14-5-14) in aqueous medium. We have observed that the hydrodynamic diameter of the aggregates increases with increasing IL concentration and microscopic evidence (HRTEM, FESEM, and LCSM) shows the formation of vesicle like aggregates (Dh ≈ 200 nm) at XIL = 0.5. The steady state fluorescence anisotropy of the membrane binding probe DPH shows a micelle to vesicle transition at this composition. The viscosity of the solution shows a peak at XIL = 0.3, indicating the formation of a worm like micelle as an intermediate of the micelle to vesicle transition. The rotational dynamics shows a stiffer surfactant packing in the vesicles compared to the micelles, whereas, the solvation dynamics measurements indicate a higher abundance of bound type water in the vascular medium compared to that for the micelle. The formed vesicles also show stability towards temperature and biomolecules, which can be used for respective applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Mondal
- Centre for Surface Science, Physical Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India.
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Das Mahanta D, Rana D, Patra A, Mukherjee B, Mitra RK. Heterogeneous structure and solvation dynamics of DME/water binary mixtures: A combined spectroscopic and simulation investigation. Chem Phys Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Dykas MM, Poddar K, Yoong SL, Viswanathan V, Mathew S, Patra A, Saha S, Pastorin G, Venkatesan T. Enhancing image contrast of carbon nanotubes on cellular background using helium ion microscope by varying helium ion fluence. J Microsc 2017; 269:14-22. [PMID: 28703381 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have become an important nano entity for biomedical applications. Conventional methods of their imaging, often cannot be applied in biological samples due to an inadequate spatial resolution or poor contrast between the CNTs and the biological sample. Here we report a unique and effective detection method, which uses differences in conductivities of carbon nanotubes and HeLa cells. The technique involves the use of a helium ion microscope to image the sample with the surface charging artefacts created by the He+ and neutralised by electron flood gun. This enables us to obtain a few nanometre resolution images of CNTs in HeLa Cells with high contrast, which was achieved by tailoring the He+ fluence. Charging artefacts can be efficiently removed for conductive CNTs by a low amount of electrons, the fluence of which is not adequate to discharge the cell surface, resulting in high image contrast. Thus, this technique enables rapid detection of any conducting nano structures on insulating cellular background even in large fields of view and fine spatial resolution. The technique demonstrated has wider applications for researchers seeking enhanced contrast and high-resolution imaging of any conducting entity in a biological matrix - a commonly encountered issue of importance in drug delivery, tissue engineering and toxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Dykas
- Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Initiative, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - K Poddar
- Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Initiative, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - S L Yoong
- Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - V Viswanathan
- Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Initiative, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - S Mathew
- Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Initiative, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - A Patra
- Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Initiative, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - S Saha
- Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Initiative, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - G Pastorin
- Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Initiative, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - T Venkatesan
- Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Initiative, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Patra A, Ray SS. On the Solution of the Nonlinear Fractional Neutron Point-Kinetics Equation with Newtonian Temperature Feedback Reactivity. NUCL TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nt13-148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Patra
- National Institute of Technology, Department of Mathematics, Rourkela-769008, India
| | - S. Saha Ray
- National Institute of Technology, Department of Mathematics, Rourkela-769008, India
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23
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Patra A, Samanta N, Das DK, Mitra RK. Enhanced Catalytic Activity of α-Chymotrypsin in Cationic Surfactant Solutions: The Component Specificity Revisited. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:1457-1465. [PMID: 28151666 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b10472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced catalytic activity (super activity) of enzymes in the presence of surfactants is of key importance in "micellar enzymology"; such super activity is not very trivial, it is highly system specific, and the mechanism behind the activity enhancement is not always well apprehended. We report the catalytic activity of α-chymotrypsin (CHT) on ala-ala-phe-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin (AMC) in the presence of cationic surfactants of different hydrophobic chain lengths: dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and octadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (OTAB). It is observed that in comparison to buffer the catalytic activity of CHT is enhanced 5-fold in premicellar DTAB solutions, while negligible changes are observed in CTAB and OTAB. Activity decreases considerably in the post micellar concentration, specifically for the latter two surfactants. A similar trend is also obtained in another substrate 2-napthyal acetate hydrolysis. Such surfactant specific superactivity is intriguing. The protein's secondary and tertiary structures in the presence of these surfactants are determined using circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and it is found that both CTAB and OTAB perturb the protein structure significantly, especially in the post micellar concentrations. DTAB, on the other hand, does not produce noticeable changes in the protein structure. The various pairwise interactions present in the system have been underlined using both steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. Assuming a three-step kinetics model, we determine the free energy changes of the reaction, and the observations have been discussed in the light of the various interactions among the components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Animesh Patra
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences , Block JD, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Nirnay Samanta
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences , Block JD, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Dipak Kumar Das
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences , Block JD, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Rajib Kumar Mitra
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences , Block JD, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India
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24
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Polley D, Patra A, Barman A, Mitra RK. Terahertz conductivity engineering in surface decorated carbon nanotube films by gold nanoparticles. Appl Opt 2017; 56:1107-1112. [PMID: 28158120 DOI: 10.1364/ao.56.001107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We report the controllable conductivity of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes with their surface walls decorated by gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) with varying concentration in terahertz (THz) frequency range. Colloidal Au NPs of nominal diameter ∼15 nm are synthesized by the reduction of gold chloride solution using tri-sodium citrate. A simple chemical route is followed to attach Au NPs on the surfaces of both types of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The attachment of Au NPs on the sidewalls of CNTs is confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope images. THz spectroscopic measurements are carried out at room temperature in transmission geometry in the frequency range of 0.3-2.0 THz. It is found that the THz conductivity of the surface decorated SWNT composites can either be increased or decreased by ±15% than that of the as-prepared SWNT composites by carefully choosing the Au NP concentration. The conductivity variation is qualitatively explained in terms of carrier trapping potential for low Au NP density, and alternative carrier conduction pathways at higher Au NP density and analyzed with the help of a modified universal dielectric relaxation model.
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25
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Hazra M, Dolai T, Giri S, Patra A, Dey SK. Synthesis of biologically active cadmium (II) complex with tridentate N2O donor Schiff base: DFT study, binding mechanism of serum albumins (bovine, human) and fluorescent nanowires. Journal of Saudi Chemical Society 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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26
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Hazra M, Dolai T, Pandey A, Dey SK, Patra A. Fluorescent copper(II) complexes: The electron transfer mechanism, interaction with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and antibacterial activity. Journal of Saudi Chemical Society 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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27
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Das Mahanta D, Patra A, Samanta N, Luong TQ, Mukherjee B, Mitra RK. Non-monotonic dynamics of water in its binary mixture with 1,2-dimethoxy ethane: A combined THz spectroscopic and MD simulation study. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:164501. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4964857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Debasish Das Mahanta
- Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block-JD, Sector-III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Animesh Patra
- Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block-JD, Sector-III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Nirnay Samanta
- Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block-JD, Sector-III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Trung Quan Luong
- Department of Physical Chemistry II, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Biswaroop Mukherjee
- Thematic Unit for Excellence–Computational Materials Science, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block-JD, Sector-III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Rajib Kumar Mitra
- Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block-JD, Sector-III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India
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28
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Ganguly S, Patra A, Chattopadhyay P, Datta S. New training strategies for neural networks with application to quaternary Al–Mg–Sc–Cr alloy design problems. Appl Soft Comput 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.asoc.2016.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Patra A, Klein-Hessling S, Knobeloch K, Andrau J, Ellenrieder V, Screpanti I, Serfling E. Altered NFATc1 activity blocks T cell development and facilitates the pathogenesis of T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Eur J Cancer 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)61624-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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30
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O'Flaherty DK, Patra A, Su Y, Guengerich FP, Egli M, Wilds CJ. Lesion Orientation of O4-Alkylthymidine Influences Replication by Human DNA Polymerase η. Chem Sci 2016; 7:4896-4904. [PMID: 27574558 PMCID: PMC5001687 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc00666c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Conformation of the α-carbon of O4-alkylthymidine was shown to exert an influence on human DNA polymerase η (hPol η) bypass. Crystal structures of hPol η·DNA·dNTP ternary complexes reveal a unique conformation adopted by O4-methylthymidine, where the nucleobase resides nestled at the active site ceiling where hydrogen-bonding with the incoming nucleotide is prevented.
DNA lesions that elude repair may undergo translesion synthesis catalyzed by Y-family DNA polymerases. O4-Alkylthymidines, persistent adducts that can result from carcinogenic agents, may be encountered by DNA polymerases. The influence of lesion orientation around the C4–O4 bond on processing by human DNA polymerase η (hPol η) was studied for oligonucleotides containing O4-methylthymidine (O4MedT), O4-ethylthymidine (O4EtdT), and analogs restricting the O4-methylene group in an anti-orientation. Primer extension assays revealed that the O4-alkyl orientation influences hPol η bypass. Crystal structures of hPol η·DNA·dNTP ternary complexes with O4MedT or O4EtdT in the template strand showed the nucleobase of the former lodged near the ceiling of the active site, with the syn-O4-methyl group engaged in extensive hydrophobic interactions. This unique arrangement for O4-methylthymidine with hPol η, inaccessible for the other analogs due to steric/conformational restriction, is consistent with differences observed for nucleotide incorporation and supports the concept that lesion conformation influences extension across DNA damage. Together, these results provide mechanistic insights on the mutagenicity of O4MedT and O4EtdT when acted upon by hPol η.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K O'Flaherty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec H4B1R6, Canada
| | - A Patra
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, and Center for Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Y Su
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, and Center for Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - F P Guengerich
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, and Center for Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - M Egli
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, and Center for Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - C J Wilds
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec H4B1R6, Canada
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Dey SK, Hazra M, Thompson LK, Patra A. Manganese(II) coordination polymer having pyrazine and μ-phenolato bridging: Structure, magnetism and biological studies. Inorganica Chim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2016.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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32
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Patra A, Hazra S, Samanta N, Suresh Kumar G, Mitra RK. Micelle induced dissociation of DNA–ligand complexes: The effect of ligand binding specificity. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 82:418-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Patra A, Das S, Mishra SN, Senapati MR. An adaptive local linear optimized radial basis functional neural network model for financial time series prediction. Neural Comput Appl 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00521-015-2039-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Sarkar TP, Gopinadhan K, Motapothula M, Saha S, Huang Z, Dhar S, Patra A, Lu WM, Telesio F, Pallecchi I, Ariando, Marré D, Venkatesan T. Unexpected observation of spatially separated Kondo scattering and ferromagnetism in Ta alloyed anatase TiO2 thin films. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13011. [PMID: 26265554 PMCID: PMC4533010 DOI: 10.1038/srep13011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the observation of spatially separated Kondo scattering and ferromagnetism in anatase Ta0.06Ti0.94O2 thin films as a function of thickness (10–200 nm). The Kondo behavior observed in thicker films is suppressed on decreasing thickness and vanishes below ~25 nm. In 200 nm film, transport data could be fitted to a renormalization group theory for Kondo scattering though the carrier density in this system is lower by two orders of magnitude, the magnetic entity concentration is larger by a similar magnitude and there is strong electronic correlation compared to a conventional system such as Cu with magnetic impurities. However, ferromagnetism is observed at all thicknesses with magnetic moment per unit thickness decreasing beyond 10 nm film thickness. The simultaneous presence of Kondo and ferromagnetism is explained by the spatial variation of defects from the interface to surface which results in a dominantly ferromagnetic region closer to substrate-film interface while the Kondo scattering is dominant near the surface and decreasing towards the interface. This material system enables us to study the effect of neighboring presence of two competing magnetic phenomena and the possibility for tuning them.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P Sarkar
- 1] Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542 [2] NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576
| | - K Gopinadhan
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576
| | - M Motapothula
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576
| | - S Saha
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576
| | - Z Huang
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576
| | - S Dhar
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576
| | - A Patra
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576
| | - W M Lu
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576
| | - F Telesio
- CNR-SPIN and Università di Genova, Dipartimento di Fisica via Dodecaneso 33, Genova Italy 16146
| | - I Pallecchi
- CNR-SPIN and Università di Genova, Dipartimento di Fisica via Dodecaneso 33, Genova Italy 16146
| | - Ariando
- 1] Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542 [2] NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576
| | - D Marré
- CNR-SPIN and Università di Genova, Dipartimento di Fisica via Dodecaneso 33, Genova Italy 16146
| | - T Venkatesan
- 1] Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542 [2] NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576 [3] Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576
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Chaudhary D, Bhattacherjee A, Patra A. Analysis of Whole-Body Vibration Exposure of Drill Machine Operators in Open Pit Iron Ore Mines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proeps.2015.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hazra M, Dolai T, Pandey A, Dey SK, Patra A. Synthesis and Characterisation of Copper(II) Complexes with Tridentate NNO Functionalized Ligand: Density Function Theory Study, DNA Binding Mechanism, Optical Properties, and Biological Application. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2014; 2014:104046. [PMID: 25386109 PMCID: PMC4214117 DOI: 10.1155/2014/104046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The photo physical properties of two mononuclear pentacoordinated copper(II) complexes formulated as [Cu(L)(Cl)(H2O)] (1) and [Cu(L)(Br)(H2O)] (2) HL = (1-[(3-methyl-pyridine-2-ylimino)-methyl]-naphthalen-2-ol) were synthesized and characterized by elemental, physicochemical, and spectroscopic methods. The density function theory calculations are used to investigate the electronic structures and the electronic properties of ligand and complex. The interactions of copper(II) complexes towards calf thymus DNA were examined with the help of absorption, viscosity, and fluorescence spectroscopic techniques at pH 7.40. All spectroscopy's result indicates that complexes show good binding activity to calf thymus DNA through groove binding. The optical absorption and fluorescence emission properties of microwires were characterized by fluorescence microscope. From a spectroscopic viewpoint, all compounds strongly emit green light in the solid state. The microscopy investigation suggested that microwires exhibited optical waveguide behaviour which are applicable as fluorescent nanomaterials and can be used as building blocks for miniaturized photonic devices. Antibacterial study reveals that complexes are better antimicrobial agents than free Schiff base due to bacterial cell penetration by chelation. Moreover, the antioxidant study of the ligand and complexes is evaluated by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free-radical assays, which demonstrate that the complexes are of higher antioxidant activity than free ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhumita Hazra
- Postgraduate Department of Chemistry, Midnapore College, Midnapore 721101, India
- Department of Chemistry, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, Purulia, West Bengal 723101, India
| | - Tanushree Dolai
- Postgraduate Department of Chemistry, Midnapore College, Midnapore 721101, India
| | - Akhil Pandey
- Department of Microbiology, Midnapore College, Midnapore 721101, India
| | - Subrata Kumar Dey
- Department of Chemistry, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, Purulia, West Bengal 723101, India
| | - Animesh Patra
- Postgraduate Department of Chemistry, Midnapore College, Midnapore 721101, India
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Mukherjee T, Sen B, Patra A, Banerjee S, Hundal G, Chattopadhyay P. Cyclometalated rhodium(III) complexes bearing dithiocarbamate derivative: Synthesis, characterization, interaction with DNA and biological study. Polyhedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2013.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Animesh Patra
- Unit for Nano Science & Technology Department of Chemical Biological and Macromolecular Sciences S.N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences Block JD, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700098, INDIA
| | - Soumitra Hazra
- Biophysical
Chemistry Laboratory Chemistry Division CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, INDIA
| | - Gopinatha Suresh Kumar
- Biophysical
Chemistry Laboratory Chemistry Division CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, INDIA
| | - Rajib Kumar Mitra
- Unit for Nano Science & Technology Department of Chemical Biological and Macromolecular Sciences S.N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences Block JD, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700098, INDIA
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Patra A, Luong TQ, Mitra RK, Havenith M. The influence of charge on the structure and dynamics of water encapsulated in reverse micelles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:12875-83. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp00386a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Das A, Patra A, Mitra RK. Do the Physical Properties of Water in Mixed Reverse Micelles Follow a Synergistic Effect: A Spectroscopic Investigation. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:3593-602. [DOI: 10.1021/jp3102833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Das
- Unit for Nano Science & Technology, Department of Chemical Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S.N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700098, India
| | - Animesh Patra
- Unit for Nano Science & Technology, Department of Chemical Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S.N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700098, India
| | - Rajib Kumar Mitra
- Unit for Nano Science & Technology, Department of Chemical Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S.N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700098, India
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Patra A, Luong TQ, Mitra RK, Havenith M. Solvent dynamics in a reverse micellar water-pool: a spectroscopic investigation of DDAB–cyclohexane–water systems. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp42560b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Patra A, Sen S, Sarkar S, Zangrando E, Chattopadhyay P. Syntheses, crystal structures, and DNA-binding of some nickel(II) complexes of 1,3-bis(2-pyridylmethylthio)propane and pseudohalides. J COORD CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2012.732697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Animesh Patra
- a Department of Chemistry , Burdwan University , Golapbag , Burdwan-713104 , India
| | - Supriti Sen
- a Department of Chemistry , Burdwan University , Golapbag , Burdwan-713104 , India
| | - Sandipan Sarkar
- a Department of Chemistry , Burdwan University , Golapbag , Burdwan-713104 , India
| | - Ennio Zangrando
- b Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche , Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste , Italy
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Patra A, Verma PK, Mitra RK. Slow Relaxation Dynamics of Water in Hydroxypropyl Cellulose-Water Mixture Traces Its Phase Transition Pathway: A Spectroscopic Investigation. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:1508-16. [DOI: 10.1021/jp300428h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Animesh Patra
- Unit for Nano Science & Technology, Department of Chemical Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S.N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700098, India
| | - Pramod Kumar Verma
- Unit for Nano Science & Technology, Department of Chemical Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S.N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700098, India
| | - Rajib Kumar Mitra
- Unit for Nano Science & Technology, Department of Chemical Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S.N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700098, India
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Abstract
A major part of contemporary nanomaterials research is focused on metal and semiconductor nanoparticles, constituted of extended lattices of atoms or ions. Molecular nanoparticles assembled from small molecules through non-covalent interactions are relatively less explored but equally fascinating materials. Their unique and versatile characteristics have attracted considerable attention in recent years, establishing their identity and status as a novel class of nanomaterials. Optical characteristics of molecular nanoparticles capture the essence of their nanoscale features and form the basis of a variety of applications. This review describes the advances made in the field of fabrication of molecular nanoparticles, the wide spectrum of their optical and nonlinear optical characteristics and explorations of the potential applications that exploit their unique optical attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Patra
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500 046, India.
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Patra A, Sarkar S, Mukherjee T, Zangrando E, Chattopadhyay P. Zinc(II) complexes of 1,3-bis(2-pyridylmethylthio)propane: Anion dependency, crystal structure and DNA binding study. Polyhedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2011.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Ingale S, Wagh P, Sastry P, Patra A, Tewari R, Singh I, Phapale S, Wasnik R, Rao A, Gupta S. Nanocrystalline Pentaerythritoltetranitrate using Sol-Gel Process. DEFENCE SCI J 2011. [DOI: 10.14429/dsj.61.594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Abstract
Luffa echinata Roxb., commonly known as Bindal in Hindi is used for its hypoglycemic activity in the indigenous system of medicine. No pharmacognostical study on stem is reported in the literature till date; therefore, it was decided to study macroscopical and cytomorphological characters in detail to bring out salient diagnostic features. The stem pieces available in the market are 1.5–17 cm long and 5–8 mm in diameter, showing yellowish-brown to brownish-black surface with longitudinal furrows, fracture is fibrous, and taste is bitter. Mature stem shows single-layered epidermis, seven layers of collenchyma below five ridges but one to two layers of parenchyma in rest of the region beneath the epidermis, continuous wide wavy layer of pericycle composed of three to eight layers of fiber. There are five conjoint bi-collateral open vascular bundles one below each ridge and additional four medullary vascular bundles in the pith each facing furrows.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jayalakshmi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, IFTM, Moradabad - 244 001, UP, India
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