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Groh AC, Möller-Kerutt A, Gilhaus K, Höffken V, Nedvetsky P, Kleimann S, Behrens M, Ghosh S, Hansen U, Krahn MP, Ebnet K, Pavenstädt H, Ludwig A, Weide T. PALS1 is a key regulator of the lateral distribution of tight junction proteins in renal epithelial cells. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261303. [PMID: 38265145 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved apical Crumbs (CRB) complex, consisting of the core components CRB3a (an isoform of CRB3), PALS1 and PATJ, plays a key role in epithelial cell-cell contact formation and cell polarization. Recently, we observed that deletion of one Pals1 allele in mice results in functional haploinsufficiency characterized by renal cysts. Here, to address the role of PALS1 at the cellular level, we generated CRISPR/Cas9-mediated PALS1-knockout MDCKII cell lines. The loss of PALS1 resulted in increased paracellular permeability, indicating an epithelial barrier defect. This defect was associated with a redistribution of several tight junction-associated proteins from bicellular to tricellular contacts. PALS1-dependent localization of tight junction proteins at bicellular junctions required its interaction with PATJ. Importantly, reestablishment of the tight junction belt upon transient F-actin depolymerization or upon Ca2+ removal was strongly delayed in PALS1-deficient cells. Additionally, the cytoskeleton regulator RhoA was redistributed from junctions into the cytosol under PALS1 knockout. Together, our data uncover a critical role of PALS1 in the coupling of tight junction proteins to the F-actin cytoskeleton, which ensures their correct distribution along bicellular junctions and the formation of tight epithelial barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Christin Groh
- University Hospital of Münster (UKM), Internal Medicine D (MedD), Department Molecular Nephrology, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1 Building A14, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Annika Möller-Kerutt
- University Hospital of Münster (UKM), Internal Medicine D (MedD), Department Molecular Nephrology, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1 Building A14, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Kevin Gilhaus
- University Hospital of Münster (UKM), Internal Medicine D (MedD), Department Molecular Nephrology, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1 Building A14, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Verena Höffken
- University Hospital of Münster (UKM), Internal Medicine D (MedD), Department Molecular Nephrology, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1 Building A14, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Pavel Nedvetsky
- University Hospital of Münster (UKM), Internal Medicine D (MedD), Medical Cell Biology, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1 Building A14, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Simon Kleimann
- University Hospital of Münster (UKM), Internal Medicine D (MedD), Department Molecular Nephrology, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1 Building A14, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Malina Behrens
- University Hospital of Münster (UKM), Internal Medicine D (MedD), Department Molecular Nephrology, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1 Building A14, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Sujasha Ghosh
- School of Biological Sciences and NTU Institute of Structural Biology (NISB), Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551 Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Uwe Hansen
- University Hospital of Münster, Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine (IMM), Head Core Facility Electron Microscopy, Domagkstraße 3, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Michael P Krahn
- University Hospital of Münster (UKM), Internal Medicine D (MedD), Medical Cell Biology, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1 Building A14, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Klaus Ebnet
- Institute-associated Research Group "Cell adhesion and cell polarity", Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Straße 56, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Hermann Pavenstädt
- University Hospital of Münster (UKM), Internal Medicine D (MedD), Department Molecular Nephrology, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1 Building A14, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Ludwig
- School of Biological Sciences and NTU Institute of Structural Biology (NISB), Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551 Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Thomas Weide
- University Hospital of Münster (UKM), Internal Medicine D (MedD), Department Molecular Nephrology, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1 Building A14, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Berghaus C, Groh AC, Breljak D, Ciarimboli G, Sabolić I, Pavenstädt H, Weide T. Impact of Pals1 on Expression and Localization of Transporters Belonging to the Solute Carrier Family. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:792829. [PMID: 35252349 PMCID: PMC8888964 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.792829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pals1 is part of the evolutionary conserved Crumbs polarity complex and plays a key role in two processes, the formation of apicobasal polarity and the establishment of cell-cell contacts. In the human kidney, up to 1.5 million nephrons control blood filtration, as well as resorption and recycling of inorganic and organic ions, sugars, amino acids, peptides, vitamins, water and further metabolites of endogenous and exogenous origin. All nephron segments consist of polarized cells and express high levels of Pals1. Mice that are functionally haploid for Pals1 develop a lethal phenotype, accompanied by heavy proteinuria and the formation of renal cysts. However, on a cellular level, it is still unclear if reduced cell polarization, incomplete cell-cell contact formation, or an altered Pals1-dependent gene expression accounts for the renal phenotype. To address this, we analyzed the transcriptomes of Pals1-haploinsufficient kidneys and the littermate controls by gene set enrichment analysis. Our data elucidated a direct correlation between TGFβ pathway activation and the downregulation of more than 100 members of the solute carrier (SLC) gene family. Surprisingly, Pals1-depleted nephrons keep the SLC’s segment-specific expression and subcellular distribution, demonstrating that the phenotype is not mainly due to dysfunctional apicobasal cell polarization of renal epithelia. Our data may provide first hints that SLCs may act as modulating factors for renal cyst formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Berghaus
- University Hospital of Münster (UKM), Internal Medicine D (MedD), Münster, Germany
| | - Ann-Christin Groh
- University Hospital of Münster (UKM), Internal Medicine D (MedD), Münster, Germany
| | - Davorka Breljak
- Molecular Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Giuliano Ciarimboli
- University Hospital of Münster (UKM), Internal Medicine D (MedD), Münster, Germany
| | - Ivan Sabolić
- Molecular Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hermann Pavenstädt
- University Hospital of Münster (UKM), Internal Medicine D (MedD), Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Weide
- University Hospital of Münster (UKM), Internal Medicine D (MedD), Münster, Germany
- *Correspondence: Thomas Weide,
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Müller D, Schmitz J, Fischer K, Granado D, Groh AC, Krausel V, Lüttgenau SM, Amelung TM, Pavenstädt H, Weide T. Evolution of renal-disease factor APOL1 results in cis and trans orientations at the endoplasmic reticulum that both show cytotoxic effects. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 38:4962-4976. [PMID: 34323996 PMCID: PMC8557400 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msab220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent and exclusively in humans and a few other higher primates expressed APOL1 (apolipoprotein L1) gene is linked to African human trypanosomiasis (also known as African sleeping sickness) as well as to different forms of kidney diseases. Whereas APOL1’s role as a trypanolytic factor is well established, pathobiological mechanisms explaining its cytotoxicity in renal cells remain unclear. In this study, we compared the APOL family members using a combination of evolutionary studies and cell biological experiments to detect unique features causal for APOL1 nephrotoxic effects. We investigated available primate and mouse genome and transcriptome data to apply comparative phylogenetic and maximum likelihood selection analyses. We suggest that the APOL gene family evolved early in vertebrates and initial splitting occurred in ancestral mammals. Diversification and differentiation of functional domains continued in primates, including developing the two members APOL1 and APOL2. Their close relationship could be diagnosed by sequence similarity and a shared ancestral insertion of an AluY transposable element. Live-cell imaging analyses showed that both expressed proteins show a strong preference to localize at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). However, glycosylation and secretion assays revealed that—unlike APOL2—APOL1 membrane insertion or association occurs in different orientations at the ER, with the disease-associated mutants facing either the luminal (cis) or cytoplasmic (trans) side of the ER. The various pools of APOL1 at the ER offer a novel perspective in explaining the broad spectrum of its observed toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Müller
- University Hospital of Münster (UKM), Internal Medicine D (MedD), Molecular Nephrology, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1 Building A14, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schmitz
- Institute of Experimental Pathology, ZMBE, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, Münster, D-48149, Germany
| | - Katharina Fischer
- University Hospital of Münster (UKM), Internal Medicine D (MedD), Molecular Nephrology, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1 Building A14, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Daniel Granado
- University Hospital of Münster (UKM), Internal Medicine D (MedD), Molecular Nephrology, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1 Building A14, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Ann-Christin Groh
- University Hospital of Münster (UKM), Internal Medicine D (MedD), Molecular Nephrology, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1 Building A14, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Vanessa Krausel
- University Hospital of Münster (UKM), Internal Medicine D (MedD), Molecular Nephrology, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1 Building A14, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Simona Mareike Lüttgenau
- University Hospital of Münster (UKM), Internal Medicine D (MedD), Molecular Nephrology, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1 Building A14, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Till Maximilian Amelung
- University Hospital of Münster (UKM), Internal Medicine D (MedD), Molecular Nephrology, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1 Building A14, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Hermann Pavenstädt
- University Hospital of Münster (UKM), Internal Medicine D (MedD), Molecular Nephrology, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1 Building A14, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Thomas Weide
- University Hospital of Münster (UKM), Internal Medicine D (MedD), Molecular Nephrology, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1 Building A14, Münster, 48149, Germany
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