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Shao G, Tang H, Ren S, Creason SA, Faisal S, Galperin A, Aliseda A, Gao D, Ratner B, Hinds BJ. Dialysate Regeneration via Urea Photodecomposition with TiO 2 Nanowires at Therapeutic Rates. Artif Organs 2023. [PMID: 36906913 DOI: 10.1111/aor.14514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The standard weekly treatment for end-stage renal disease patients is three 4 h long hemodialysis sessions with each session consuming over 120 L of clean dialysate, which prevents the development of portable or continuous ambulatory dialysis treatments. The regeneration of a small (~1 L) amount of dialysate would enable treatments that give conditions close to continuous hemostasis and improve patient quality of life through mobility. METHODS Small scale studies have shown that nanowires of TiO2 are highly efficient at photodecomposing urea into CO2 and N2 when using an applied bias and an air permeable cathode. To enable the demonstration of a dialysate regeneration system at therapeutically useful rates, a scalable microwave hydrothermal synthesis of single crystal TiO2 nanowires grown directly from conductive substrates was developed. These were incorporated into an 1,810 cm2 flow channel arrays. Regenerated dialysate samples were treated with activated carbon (2 min at 0.2 g/mL). RESULTS The photodecomposition system achieved the therapeutic target of 14.2 g urea removal in 24 h. TiO2 electrode had a high urea removal photocurrent efficiency of 91%, with less than 1% of the decomposed urea generating NH4 + (1.04 μg/h/cm2 ), 3% generating NO3 - and 0.5% generating chlorine species. Activated carbon treatment could reduce total chlorine concentration from 0.15 mg/L to <0.02 mg/L. The regenerated dialysate showed significant cytotoxicity which could be removed by treatment with activated carbon. Additionally, a forward osmosis membrane with sufficient urea flux can cut off the mass transfer of the by-products back into the dialysate.1,2 CONCLUSION: Urea could be removed from spent dialysate at a therapeutic rate using a TiO2 based photooxidation unit, which can enable portable dialysis systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozheng Shao
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle.,Center for Dialysis Innovation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, United States
| | - Hao Tang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle.,Center for Dialysis Innovation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, United States
| | - Shen Ren
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seattle University.,Center for Dialysis Innovation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, United States
| | - Sharon A Creason
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle.,Center for Dialysis Innovation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, United States
| | - Syed Faisal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle.,Center for Dialysis Innovation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, United States
| | - Anna Galperin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle.,Center for Dialysis Innovation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, United States
| | - Alberto Aliseda
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle.,Center for Dialysis Innovation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, United States
| | - Dayong Gao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle.,Center for Dialysis Innovation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, United States
| | - Buddy Ratner
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle.,Center for Dialysis Innovation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, United States
| | - Bruce J Hinds
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle.,Center for Dialysis Innovation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, United States
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Galperin A, Foskolos K, Grimm P, Knoglinger E, Maeder C. The poison zoning technique for power peaking control in district heating boiling water reactors / Leistungsspitzensteuerung durch die Zonenabbrandverteilung bei Siedewasserreaktoren für Heizwerke. KERNTECHNIK 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/kern-1987-500309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Prieve MG, Harvie P, Monahan SD, Roy D, Li AG, Blevins TL, Paschal AE, Waldheim M, Bell EC, Galperin A, Ella-Menye JR, Houston ME. Targeted mRNA Therapy for Ornithine Transcarbamylase Deficiency. Mol Ther 2018; 26:801-813. [PMID: 29433939 PMCID: PMC5910669 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a novel, two-nanoparticle mRNA delivery system and show that it is highly effective as a means of intracellular enzyme replacement therapy (i-ERT) using a murine model of ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTCD). Our Hybrid mRNA Technology delivery system (HMT) comprises an inert lipid nanoparticle that protects the mRNA from nucleases in the blood as it distributes to the liver and a polymer micelle that targets hepatocytes and triggers endosomal release of mRNA. This results in high-level synthesis of the desired protein specifically in the liver. HMT delivery of human OTC mRNA normalizes plasma ammonia and urinary orotic acid levels, and leads to a prolonged survival benefit in the murine OTCD model. HMT represents a unique, non-viral mRNA delivery method that allows multi-dose, systemic administration for treatment of single-gene inherited metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary G Prieve
- PhaseRx, Inc., 410 W. Harrison Street, Suite 300, Seattle, WA 98119, USA.
| | - Pierrot Harvie
- PhaseRx, Inc., 410 W. Harrison Street, Suite 300, Seattle, WA 98119, USA
| | - Sean D Monahan
- PhaseRx, Inc., 410 W. Harrison Street, Suite 300, Seattle, WA 98119, USA
| | - Debashish Roy
- PhaseRx, Inc., 410 W. Harrison Street, Suite 300, Seattle, WA 98119, USA
| | - Allen G Li
- PhaseRx, Inc., 410 W. Harrison Street, Suite 300, Seattle, WA 98119, USA
| | - Teri L Blevins
- PhaseRx, Inc., 410 W. Harrison Street, Suite 300, Seattle, WA 98119, USA
| | - Amber E Paschal
- PhaseRx, Inc., 410 W. Harrison Street, Suite 300, Seattle, WA 98119, USA
| | - Matt Waldheim
- PhaseRx, Inc., 410 W. Harrison Street, Suite 300, Seattle, WA 98119, USA
| | - Eric C Bell
- PhaseRx, Inc., 410 W. Harrison Street, Suite 300, Seattle, WA 98119, USA
| | - Anna Galperin
- PhaseRx, Inc., 410 W. Harrison Street, Suite 300, Seattle, WA 98119, USA
| | | | - Michael E Houston
- PhaseRx, Inc., 410 W. Harrison Street, Suite 300, Seattle, WA 98119, USA
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Radkowsky A, Galperin A, Elperin T. The Variation of the Resonance Component of the Doppler Coefficient with Depletion of the Fissile Component of Reactor Fuel. NUCL SCI ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nse81-a19044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Radkowsky
- Tel-Aviv University, School of Engineering Ramal-Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Department of Nuclear Engineering Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - A. Galperin
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Department of Nuclear Engineering Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - T. Elperin
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Department of Nuclear Engineering Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Segev
- Ben-Gurion University of Negev, Department of Nuclear Engineering P.O. Box 653, Beer Sheva 84 105, Israel
| | - A. Misulovin
- Ben-Gurion University of Negev, Department of Nuclear Engineering P.O. Box 653, Beer Sheva 84 105, Israel
| | - A. Galperin
- Ben-Gurion University of Negev, Department of Nuclear Engineering P.O. Box 653, Beer Sheva 84 105, Israel
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Affiliation(s)
- Meir Segev
- Ben-Gurion University, Department of Nuclear Engineering P.O. Box 653, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - A. Galperin
- Ben-Gurion University, Department of Nuclear Engineering P.O. Box 653, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Galperin
- Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - S. Kimhi
- Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - M. Segev
- Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Radkowsky
- Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69 978, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Ben-Gurion University, Beersheva, Israel
| | - M. Segev
- Ben-Gurion University, Beersheva, Israel
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Segev M, Galperin A, Schwageraus E. Use of Axially Graded Burnable Boron for Hot-Spot Temperature Reduction in a Pressurized Water Reactor Core. NUCL SCI ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nse00-a2140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Segev
- Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - A. Galperin
- Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Galperin
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Y. Kimhy
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Galperin
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - E. Nissan
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
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Galperin A, Segev M, Todosow M. A Pressurized Water Reactor Plutonium Incinerator Based on Thorium Fuel and Seed-Blanket Assembly Geometry. NUCL TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nt00-a3140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Galperin
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Department of Nuclear Engineering, 1, Bar Kochua Street, Beer-Sheva, 84105 Israel
| | - M. Segev
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Department of Nuclear Engineering, 1, Bar Kochua Street, Beer-Sheva, 84105 Israel
| | - M. Todosow
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Todosow
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, P.O. Box 5000 Upton, New York 11973
| | - A. Galperin
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - S. Herring
- Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory Idaho Falls, Idaho
| | - M. Kazimi
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - T. Downar
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - A. Morozov
- Russian Research Centre-Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Fridman
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Department of Nuclear Engineering POB 653, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - E. Shwageraus
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Department of Nuclear Engineering POB 653, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - A. Galperin
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Department of Nuclear Engineering POB 653, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Fridman
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Department of Nuclear Engineering P.O. Box 653, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - E. Shwageraus
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Department of Nuclear Engineering P.O. Box 653, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - A. Galperin
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Department of Nuclear Engineering P.O. Box 653, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
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16
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Prieve M, Li A, Baturevych A, Bell E, Blevins T, Galperin A, Harvie P, Menye JRE, Monahan S, Paschal A, Qabar M, Roy D, Waldheim M, Houston M. 170. PhaseRx mRNA Technology Platform Uses SMARTT Polymer Technology ® to Target and Deliver mRNA to the Liver and Treat a Urea Cycle Disorder in a Mouse Disease Model. Mol Ther 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1525-0016(16)32979-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Floyd JA, Galperin A, Ratner BD. Drug encapsulated aerosolized microspheres as a biodegradable, intelligent glioma therapy. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015; 104:544-52. [PMID: 26238392 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The grim prognosis for patients diagnosed with malignant gliomas necessitates the development of new therapeutic strategies for localized and sustained drug delivery to combat tumor drug resistance and regrowth. Here we introduce drug encapsulated aerosolized microspheres as a biodegradable, intelligent glioma therapy (DREAM BIG therapy). DREAM BIG therapy is envisioned to deliver three chemotherapeutics, temporally staged over one year, via a bioadhesive, biodegradable spray directly to the brain surgical site after tumor excision. In this proof-of-principle article exploring key components of the DREAM BIG therapy prototype, rhodamine B (RB) encapsulated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) encapsulated poly(lactic acid) microspheres were formulated and characterized. The encapsulation efficiency of RB and IgG and the release kinetics of the model drugs from the microspheres were elucidated in addition to the release kinetics of RB from poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres formulated in a degradable poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) solution. The successful aerosolized application onto brain tissue ex-vivo demonstrated the conformal adhesion of the RB encapsulated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres to the convoluted brain surface mediated by the thermoresponsive carrier, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide). These preliminary results suggest the potential of the DREAM BIG therapy for future use with multiple chemotherapeutics and microsphere types to combat gliomas at a localized site.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Alaina Floyd
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Anna Galperin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Buddy D Ratner
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle
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Galperin A, Smith K, Geisler NS, Bryers JD, Ratner BD. Precision-Porous PolyHEMA-Based Scaffold as an Antibiotic-Releasing Insert for a Scleral Bandage. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2015; 1:593-600. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5b00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Galperin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th
Avenue NE, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Karen Smith
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th
Avenue NE, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Neil S. Geisler
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th
Avenue NE, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - James D. Bryers
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th
Avenue NE, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Buddy D. Ratner
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th
Avenue NE, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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Rachamin R, Fridman E, Galperin A. Design and analysis of an innovative pressure tube light water reactor with variable moderator control. ANN NUCL ENERGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anucene.2013.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Esch C, Galperin A, Krolitzki B, Glasmacher B, Shen A, Ratner BD. Proof of Concept of a New Glucose Sensing Technology: Color-Changing Hydrogels Including au Nanoparticles. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2013; 58 Suppl 1:/j/bmte.2013.58.issue-s1-C/bmt-2013-4063/bmt-2013-4063.xml. [PMID: 24042688 DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2013-4063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Galperin A, Oldinski RA, Florczyk SJ, Bryers JD, Zhang M, Ratner BD. Integrated bi-layered scaffold for osteochondral tissue engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2013; 2:872-83. [PMID: 23225568 PMCID: PMC3644393 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201200345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Osteochondral tissue engineering poses the challenge of combining both cartilage and bone tissue engineering fundamentals. In this study, a sphere-templating technique was applied to fabricate an integrated bi-layered scaffold based on degradable poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) hydrogel. One layer of the integrated scaffold was designed with a single defined, monodispersed pore size of 38 μm and pore surfaces coated with hydroxyapatite particles to promote regrowth of subchondral bone while the second layer had 200 μm pores with surfaces decorated with hyaluronan for articular cartilage regeneration. Mechanical properties of the construct as well as cyto-compatibility of the scaffold and its degradation products were elucidated. To examine the potential of the biphasic scaffold for regeneration of osteochondral tissue the designated cartilage and bone layers of the integrated bi-layered scaffold were seeded with chondrocytes differentiated from human mesenchymal stem cells and primary human mesenchymal stem cells, respectively. Both types of cells were co-cultured within the scaffold in standard medium without soluble growth/differentiation factors over four weeks. The ability of the integrated bi-layered scaffold to support simultaneous matrix deposition and adequate cell growth of two distinct cell lineages in each layer during four weeks of co-culture in vitro in the absence of soluble growth factors was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Miqin Zhang
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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22
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Galperin A, Long TJ, Garty S, Ratner BD. Synthesis and fabrication of a degradable poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) scaffold for tissue engineering applications. J Biomed Mater Res A 2012; 101:775-86. [PMID: 22961921 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (polyNIPAM) hydrogels with controlled molecular weight of the parent polymer and its degradation products were synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization in the presence of a polycaprolactone-based di-chlorinated macroinitiator and polycaprolactone dimethacrylate. The phase transition temperature, swelling, hydrolytic degradability, and mechanical properties at 25 and 37°C were explored. A cytocompatibility study showed good NIH3T3 cell response over 5 days culture on the surface of the hydrogels, demonstrated by a consistent increase in cell proliferation detected by an Alamar Blue assay. MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] results suggested that the hydrogels and their degradation products in the concentration range of 1-25 mg/mL were not cytotoxic to NIH3T3 cells. A sphere-templating technique was utilized to fabricate biodegradable polyNIPAM scaffolds with monodisperse, pore size. Scaffolds with pore diameter of 48 ± 6 μm were loaded with A-10 smooth muscle cells and then warmed to 37°C entrapping cells in pores approximately 40 μm in diameter, a size we have found to be optimal for angiogenesis and biointegration. Due to their degradable nature, tunable molecular weight, highly interconnected morphology, thermally controlled monodisperse pore size, and temperature-induced volume expansion-contraction, the polyNIPAM-based scaffolds developed in this work will be valuable in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Galperin
- University of Washington, Department of Bioengineering, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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Galperin A, Long TJ, Ratner BD. Degradable, thermo-sensitive poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide)-based scaffolds with controlled porosity for tissue engineering applications. Biomacromolecules 2011; 11:2583-92. [PMID: 20836521 DOI: 10.1021/bm100521x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide)-based scaffold with degradability and controlled porosity. Biodegradable poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) hydrogels were synthesized by photocopolymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide with 2-methylene-1,3-dioxepane and polycaprolactone dimethacrylate. The hydrogels' phase transition temperature, swelling, and viscoelastic properties, as well as hydrolytic degradability at 25 and 37 °C, were explored. A sphere-templating technique was applied to fabricate hydrogel scaffolds with controllable pore size and a highly interconnected porous structure. The scaffold pore diameter change as a function of temperature was evaluated and, as expected, pores decreased in diameter when the temperature was raised to 37 °C. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test results suggested neither the scaffolds nor their degradation products were cytotoxic to NIH3T3 cells. Scaffolds with 55 ± 5 μm pore diameter were loaded with NIH3T3 cells and then were warmed to 37 °C entrapping cells in pores approximately 39 μm in diameter, a size range we have found to be optimal for angiogenesis and biointegration. Cells showed uniform infiltration and an elongated morphology after 7 days of culture. Due to the controlled monodisperse pore diameter, highly interconnected architecture, fully degradable chemistry and thermoresponsive properties, the polyNIPAM-based scaffolds developed here are attractive for applications in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Galperin
- University of Washington, 1705 Northeast Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Shafir G, Galperin A, Margel S. Synthesis and characterization of recombinant factor VIIa-conjugated magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for hemophilia treatment. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 91:1056-64. [PMID: 19107792 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Maghemite (gamma-Fe(2)O(3)) nanoparticles of 15.0 +/- 2.1 nm in diameter were prepared by nucleation, followed by controlled growth of magnetic iron oxide thin films onto gelatin nuclei. Functionalization of these magnetic nanoparticles with activated double bonds was accomplished by interacting divinyl sulfone with the gelatin coating of the gamma-Fe(2)O(3) nanoparticles. The activated double bonds were then used for covalent binding, via Michael addition reaction, of recombinant factor VIIa and human serum albumin to the surface of these nanoparticles. Recombinant factor VIIa was also physically bound to the magnetic nanoparticles by interacting this factor with the human serum albumin conjugated gamma-Fe(2)O(3) nanoparticles. The influence of factor VIIa concentration on the immobilization yield has been elucidated. Leakage of the bound factor VIIa into PBS containing 4% albumin was insignificant. The coagulant activity of the physically adsorbed recombinant factor VIIa was similar to that of the free one and was significantly better than that of the covalently bound. The blood half-life of free factor VIIa is short, about 2-3 h, because of digestion by proteolytic enzymes and inhibitory effects. Stabilization of factor VIIa against trypsin (a model proteolytic enzyme) and chloromethyl ketone-type inhibitor was accomplished by conjugation of the factor to the gamma-Fe(2)O(3) nanoparticles. This stabilization may extend the blood half-life of factor VIIa. Therefore, IV injection of factor VIIa conjugated gamma-Fe(2)O(3) nanoparticles instead of free factor may avoid the frequent dosing and reduce the cost of hemophilia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilead Shafir
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
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Galperin A, Margel D, Baniel J, Dank G, Biton H, Margel S. Radiopaque iodinated polymeric nanoparticles for X-ray imaging applications. Biomaterials 2007; 28:4461-8. [PMID: 17644171 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2007] [Accepted: 06/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Iodinated radiopaque polymeric nanoparticles of sizes ranging between 30 and 350 nm were formed by emulsion polymerization of the monomer 2-methacryloyloxyethyl(2,3,5-triiodobenzoate) in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate as surfactant and potassium persulfate as initiator. The influence of various polymerization parameters, e.g., monomer, initiator and surfactant concentrations on the molecular weight, polymerization yield, size and size distribution of the particles was elucidated. Characterization of these iodinated nanoparticles was accomplished by routine methods such as FTIR, 1H NMR, TEM, TGA, DSC, GPC and light scattering. These polymeric nanoparticles are composed of ca. 58% by weight iodine, and are therefore expected to possess significant radiopaque nature. In vitro radiopacity of the iodinated nanoparticles of 30.6+/-5.0 nm diameter, dispersed in water and in the dry state, was demonstrated with a CT scanner. In vivo CT-imaging performed in a dog model by intravenous administration of the uniform 30.6+/-5.0 nm diameter radiopaque nanoparticles dispersed in saline demonstrated significant enhanced visibility of lymph nodes, liver, kidney and spleen. These results indicate that these nanoparticles may be useful as new efficient contrast agents for X-ray imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Galperin
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel.
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Galperin A, Margel S. Synthesis and characterization of radiopaque magnetic core-shell nanoparticles for X-ray imaging applications. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2007; 83:490-8. [PMID: 17465021 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.30821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Radiopaque magnetic gamma-Fe(2)O(3)/poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl(2,3,5-triiodobenzoate)) core-shell nanoparticles of narrow size distribution were prepared by emulsion polymerization of the iodinated monomer 2-methacryloyloxyethyl(2,3,5-triiodobenzoate) in the presence of maghemite (gamma-Fe(2)O(3) nanoparticles coated with a dextran shell are commonly used as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The present nanoparticles have similar core-shell structure substituting the dextran for the iodo polymer. These core-shell nanoparticles may therefore be useful as imaging contrast agents to detect various pathogenic zones and to observe different disease states in both modes: X-ray and MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Galperin
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
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Galperin A, Margel S. Synthesis and Characterization of New Micrometer-Sized Radiopaque Polymeric Particles of Narrow Size Distribution by a Single-Step Swelling of Uniform Polystyrene Template Microspheres for X-ray Imaging Applications. Biomacromolecules 2006; 7:2650-60. [PMID: 16961329 DOI: 10.1021/bm060428b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Radiopaque micron-sized non-cross-linked polystyrene/poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl(2,3,5-triiodobenzoate)) particles of narrow size distribution were prepared by a single-step swelling of uniform polystyrene template microspheres with emulsion droplets of methylene chloride containing the initiator benzoyl peroxide and the iodinated monomer 2-methacryloyloxyethyl(2,3,5-triiodobenzoate), followed by the polymerization of the monomer within the swollen template particles at 73 degrees C. Radiopaque micron-sized uniform cross-linked polystyrene/poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl(2,3,5-triiodobenzoate)-divinylbenzene) composite particles were prepared similarly with emulsion droplets of methylene chloride containing divinylbenzene, in addition to the initiator and the iodinated monomer. Radiopaque micron-sized uniform cross-linked poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl(2,3,5-triiodobenzoate)-divinylbenzene) particles were formed by dissolving the template polystyrene polymer belonging to the former cross-linked composite particles. Characterization of these novel radiopaque polymeric particles was performed by methods such as FTIR, TGA, DSC, SEM, XPS, elemental analysis, and light microscopy. The influence of the weight ratio [2-methacryloyloxyethyl(2,3,5-triiodobenzoate)]/[polystyrene] and [2-methacryloyloxyethyl(2,3,5-triiodobenzoate)]/[divinylbenzene] on the bulk and surface properties of the non-cross-linked and cross-linked particles, respectively was elucidated. The radiopacity of these iodinated particles was demonstrated by an imaging technique based on X-ray absorption usually used in hospitals. These novel radiopaque particles may be used for different X-ray imaging needs, e.g., blood pool, body organs, embolization, dental composition, implants, protheses, and nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Galperin
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
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Fridman E, Shwageraus E, Galperin A, Todosow M. Recycle of Transuranium Elements in Light Water Reactors for Reduction of Geological Storage Requirements. NUCL TECHNOL 2006. [DOI: 10.13182/nt06-a3696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Fridman
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 84105 Israel
| | - E. Shwageraus
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 84105 Israel
| | - A. Galperin
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 84105 Israel
| | - M. Todosow
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York
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Galperin A, Margel S. Synthesis and characterization of new radiopaque microspheres by the dispersion polymerization of an iodinated acrylate monomer for X-ray imaging applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.21487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Galperin A, Margel D, Margel S. Synthesis and characterization of uniform radiopaque polystyrene microspheres for X-ray imaging by a single-step swelling process. J Biomed Mater Res A 2006; 79:544-51. [PMID: 16788970 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.30863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Uniform radiopaque polystyrene microspheres of approximately 2.3 +/- 0.2 microm were prepared by a single-step swelling of 2.3 +/- 0.2 microm polystyrene template microspheres, dispersed in an aqueous solution with methylene chloride emulsion droplets containing 2,3,5-triiodobenzoylethyl ester. After completing the swelling process, the methylene chloride was evaporated in order to lock the 2,3,5-triiodobenzoylethyl ester in the polystyrene microspheres. The influence of the weight ratio [2,3,5-triiodobenzoylethyl ester]/[polystyrene] on the % of entrapped 2,3,5-triiodobenzoylethyl ester was elucidated. Characterization of the radiopaque polystyrene microspheres was accomplished by light microscope, FTIR, TGA, SEM, XPS, and elemental analysis. The radiopacity of the microspheres was demonstrated by an imaging technique based on X-ray absorption usually used in hospitals. This novel method of encapsulation of 2,3,5-triiodobenzoylethyl ester within polystyrene microspheres by a single-step swelling process may be used as a model for encapsulation of various hydrophobic radiopaque drugs within uniform polystyrene template particles of various diameters for different X-ray imaging needs, e.g., blood pool, body organs, embolization, dental composition, implants, protheses, and nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Galperin
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
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Galperin A, Sokatchev E. Twistor formulation of the nonheterotic superstring with manifest world sheet supersymmetry. Int J Clin Exp Med 1993; 48:4810-4820. [PMID: 10016135 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.48.4810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Delduc F, Galperin A, Howe P, Sokatchev E. Twistor formulation of the heterotic D=10 superstring with manifest (8,0) world-sheet supersymmetry. Phys Rev D Part Fields 1993; 47:578-593. [PMID: 10015612 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.47.578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Foskolos K, Galperin A, Grimm P. Solutions of the neutronic design problems of small heating reactor cores based on the BWR principle. Nuclear Engineering and Design 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0029-5493(88)90230-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Galperin A, Leibson M. Resonance absorption treatment in the calculation of the moderator void coefficient for tight lattice LWRs. ANN NUCL ENERGY 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0306-4549(87)90007-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ronen Y, Galperin A, Cacuci D. Derivation and application of second-order uncertainty analysis for normally distributed parameters. ANN NUCL ENERGY 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/0306-4549(82)90037-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Galperin A. Verification of the aggregate fission product formulation in the WIMS code depletion calculations. ANN NUCL ENERGY 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/0306-4549(81)90104-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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