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Marinaro C, Lettieri G, Chianese T, Bianchi AR, Zarrelli A, Palatucci D, Scudiero R, Rosati L, De Maio A, Piscopo M. Exploring the molecular and toxicological mechanism associated with interactions between heavy metals and the reproductive system of Mytilus galloprovincialis. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 275:109778. [PMID: 37866452 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
A large number of heavy metals resulted toxic to the reproductive system, but invertebrate infertility has been poorly explored, and above all, there are limited molecular, cellular and toxicological studies. In the present work, we exposed Mytilus galloprovincialis to three individual metal chlorides (CuCl2 15 μM, CdCl2 1.5 μM, NiCl2 15 μM) and their mixture for 24 h, to evaluate the effects on the protamine-like proteins (PLs), sperm DNA and on their interaction in the formation of sperm chromatin. Under all exposure conditions, but particularly after exposure to the metals mix, relevant changes in the electrophoretic pattern, by AU-PAGE and SDS-PAGE, and in fluorescence spectroscopy measurements of PLs were shown. In addition, alterations in DNA binding of these proteins were observed by Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay (EMSA) and through their release from sperm nuclei. Moreover, there was evidence of increased accessibility of micrococcal nuclease to sperm chromatin, which was also confirmed by toluidine blue staining. Furthermore, morphological analyses indicated severe gonadal impairments which was also corroborated by increased PARP expression, by Western blotting, and sperm DNA fragmentation, by comet assay. Finally, we investigated the expression of stress genes, gst, hsp70 and mt10, in gonadal tissue. The latter investigations also showed that exposure to this metals mix was more harmful than exposure to the individual metals tested. The present results suggest that these metals and in particular their mixture could have a negative impact on the reproductive fitness of M. galloprovincialis. Based on these evidences, we propose a molecular mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Marinaro
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Gennaro Lettieri
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Teresa Chianese
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Bianchi
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Armando Zarrelli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Palatucci
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Rosaria Scudiero
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Rosati
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna De Maio
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Marina Piscopo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, 80126 Naples, Italy.
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Bianchi AR, La Pietra A, Guerretti V, De Maio A, Capriello T, Ferrandino I. Synthesis and Degradation of Poly(ADP-ribose) in Zebrafish Brain Exposed to Aluminum. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108766. [PMID: 37240112 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADPribosyl)ation is a post-translational protein modification, catalyzed by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARPs) enzymes, responsible for ADP-ribose polymer synthesis (PAR) from NAD+. PAR turnover is assured by poly(ADPR) glycohydrolase (PARGs) enzymes. In our previous study, the altered histology of zebrafish brain tissue, resulting in demyelination and neurodegeneration also with poly(ADPribosyl)ation hyperactivation, was demonstrated after aluminum (Al) exposure for 10 and 15 days. On the basis of this evidence, the aim of the present research was to study the synthesis and degradation of poly(ADP-ribose) in the brain of adult zebrafish exposed to 11 mg/L of Al for 10, 15, and 20 days. For this reason, PARP and PARG expression analyses were carried out, and ADPR polymers were synthesized and digested. The data showed the presence of different PARP isoforms, among which a human PARP1 counterpart was also expressed. Moreover, the highest PARP and PARG activity levels, responsible for the PAR production and its degradation, respectively, were measured after 10 and 15 days of exposure. We suppose that PARP activation is related to DNA damage induced by Al, while PARG activation is needed to avoid PAR accumulation, which is known to inhibit PARP and promote parthanatos. On the contrary, PARP activity decrease at longer exposure times suggests that neuronal cells could adopt the stratagem of reducing polymer synthesis to avoid energy expenditure and allow cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rita Bianchi
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra La Pietra
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Guerretti
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna De Maio
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Teresa Capriello
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Ida Ferrandino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
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Bianchi AR, Vitale E, Guerretti V, Palumbo G, De Clemente IM, Vitale L, Arena C, De Maio A. Antioxidant Characterization of Six Tomato Cultivars and Derived Products Destined for Human Consumption. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030761. [PMID: 36979009 PMCID: PMC10045220 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of fresh tomatoes and processed tomato products is widespread in the Mediterranean diet. This fruit is a valuable source of antioxidants and plays an important role in preventing oxidative stress. This study aimed to investigate the content of antioxidants and measure the total antioxidant capacity (ABTS and DPPH assays) in the peel, pulp, and seed fractions of six tomato cultivars. Finally, some bioactive compounds and total antioxidant activity were also determined in homemade tomato purees, since such homemade production is commonplace in Southern Italy. The level of antioxidants and total antioxidant capacity in each fraction were also calculated based on their actual fresh weight in the whole tomato. The overall results indicated that the peel and seeds of all analysed tomato cultivars contribute significantly to the antioxidant charge of the fruits. Consequently, consuming tomatoes without peel and seeds results in a substantial loss of compounds beneficial for human health. Our results also showed that phenolic and lycopene content, as well as antioxidant activities in all purees are higher than in fresh tomatoes. Based on this evidence, producing homemade tomato puree is a good practice, and its consumption helps prevent oxidative stress damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rita Bianchi
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Ermenegilda Vitale
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Valeria Guerretti
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Palumbo
- Department of Economy, Management, Institutions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Isabella Maria De Clemente
- Department of Economy, Management, Institutions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Luca Vitale
- Institute for Agricultural and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean, National Research Council of Italy, P. le Enrico Fermi 1, Loc. Porto del Granatello, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Carmen Arena
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- NBFC-National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna De Maio
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi (INBB)-Consorzio Interuniversitario, Viale delle Medaglie d'Oro, 00136 Rome, Italy
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Capriello T, Di Meglio G, De Maio A, Scudiero R, Bianchi AR, Trifuoggi M, Toscanesi M, Giarra A, Ferrandino I. Aluminium exposure leads to neurodegeneration and alters the expression of marker genes involved to parkinsonism in zebrafish brain. Chemosphere 2022; 307:135752. [PMID: 35863414 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Aluminium, despite being extremely widespread in the world, is a non-essential metal to human metabolism. This metal is known to have toxic effects on a variety of organs including the brain and is considered an etiological factor in neurodegenerative diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms by which aluminium exerts neurotoxic effects are not yet completely understood. Zebrafish is an animal model also used to study neurodegenerative diseases since the overall anatomical organization of the central nervous system is relatively conserved and similar to mammals. Adult zebrafish were exposed to 11 mg/L of Al for 10, 15, and 20 days and the neurotoxic effects of aluminium were analysed by histological, biochemical, and molecular evaluations. Histological stainings allowed to evaluation of the morphology of the brain parenchyma, the alteration of myelin and the activation of neurodegenerative processes. The expression of the Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein, a marker of glial cells, was evaluated to observe the quantitative alteration of this important protein for the nervous system. In addition, the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity was measured to verify a possible oxidative DNA damage caused by exposure to this metal. Finally, the evaluation of the markers involved in Parkinsonism was assessed by Real-Time PCR to better understand the role of aluminium in the regulation of genes related to Parkinson's neurodegenerative disease. Data showed that aluminium significantly affected the histology of cerebral tissue especially in the first periods of exposure, 10 and 15 days. This trend was also followed by the expression of GFAP. At longer exposure times, there was an improvement/stabilization of the overall neurological conditions and decrease in PARP activity. In addition, aluminium is involved in the deregulation of the expression of genes closely related to Parkinsonism. Overall, the data confirm the neurotoxicity induced by aluminium and shed a light on its involvement in neurodegenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Capriello
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Di Meglio
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
| | - Anna De Maio
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
| | - Rosaria Scudiero
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
| | - Anna Rita Bianchi
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
| | - Marco Trifuoggi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
| | - Maria Toscanesi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
| | - Antonella Giarra
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
| | - Ida Ferrandino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
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Vitale L, Vitale E, Bianchi AR, De Maio A, Arena C. Role of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase (PARP) Enzyme in the Systemic Acquired Acclimation Induced by Light Stress in Phaseolus vulgaris L. Plants. Plants 2022; 11:plants11141870. [PMID: 35890503 PMCID: PMC9316121 DOI: 10.3390/plants11141870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Plants are able to acclimate to environmental constraints through functional modifications that may also occur in tissues that are not directly exposed to stress. This process is termed “systemic acquired acclimation.” The present study aims to evaluate the involvement of PolyADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) protein in the acclimation process to high light (HL) stress in Phaseolus vulgaris plants. For this purpose, some leaves located at the top of the plant, in the apical position, were directly exposed to HL (“inducing” leaves), while others on the same plant, distal from the top, continued to be exposed to growth light (“receiving” leaves) to verify the hypothesis that an “alert” message may be transferred from injured tissues to distal ones. Biochemical and eco-physiological analyses, namely PARP activity, H2O2 and water- and fat-soluble antioxidants (i.e., ascorbic acid, tocopherol, glutathione (GSH), phenols, carotenoids, etc.) content, and chlorophyll fluorescence measurements were performed on both “inducing” and “receiving” leaves. Even if no change in PARP expression was found, its activity increased in “receiving” unstressed leaves in response to the light stress duration experimented by “inducing” leaves, while antioxidant capacity declined. When the “receiving” leaves were exposed to HL, the PARP activity returned to the control value, while antioxidant capacity photosynthetic electron transport rate (Jf) decreased and increased, respectively, compared to Control. Our results seem to show an acclimation pathway triggered in remote tissues not yet subjected to stress, likely involving a reactive oxygen species wave activating the PARP enzyme in a mechanism still to be clarified. In addition, the increased tolerance of plants directly exposed to HL could implicate a boosted synthesis of soluble antioxidants accompanied by a reduction of PARP activity to reduce excessive consumption of NAD(P).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Vitale
- Institute for Agricultural and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean (ISAFoM), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), P. le Enrico Fermi 1, Loc. Porto del Granatello, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Ermenegilda Vitale
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (E.V.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Anna Rita Bianchi
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (E.V.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Anna De Maio
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (E.V.); (A.R.B.)
- Correspondence: (A.D.M.); (C.A.)
| | - Carmen Arena
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (E.V.); (A.R.B.)
- Correspondence: (A.D.M.); (C.A.)
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De Maio A, Porzio E, Rotondo S, Bianchi AR, Faraone-Mennella MR. In Sulfolobus solfataricus, the Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-Like Thermoprotein Is a Multifunctional Enzyme. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8101523. [PMID: 33023025 PMCID: PMC7599888 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8101523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In Sulfolobus solfataricus, Sso, the ADP-ribosylating thermozyme is known to carry both auto- and heteromodification of target proteins via short chains of ADP-ribose. Here, we provide evidence that this thermoprotein is a multifunctional enzyme, also showing ATPase activity. Electrophoretic and kinetic analyses were performed using NAD+ and ATP as substrates. The results showed that ATP is acting as a negative effector on the NAD+-dependent reaction, and is also responsible for inducing the dimerization of the thermozyme. These findings enabled us to further investigate the kinetic of ADP-ribosylation activity in the presence of ATP, and to also assay its ability to work as a substrate. Moreover, since the heteroacceptor of ADP-ribose is the sulfolobal Sso7 protein, known as an ATPase, some reconstitution experiments were set up to study the reciprocal influence of the ADP-ribosylating thermozyme and the Sso7 protein on their activities, considering also the possibility of direct enzyme/Sso7 protein interactions. This study provides new insights into the ATP-ase activity of the ADP-ribosylating thermozyme, which is able to establish stable complexes with Sso7 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna De Maio
- Department of Biology, Polytechnic School of Basic Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80126 Naples, Italy; (S.R.); (A.R.B.)
- National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), via delle Medaglie d’oro, 00136 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.D.M.); (M.R.F.-M.); Tel.: +39-081-679134 (A.D.M.); +39-081-679136 (M.R.F.-M.)
| | - Elena Porzio
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CNR, via P.Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Sergio Rotondo
- Department of Biology, Polytechnic School of Basic Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80126 Naples, Italy; (S.R.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Anna Rita Bianchi
- Department of Biology, Polytechnic School of Basic Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80126 Naples, Italy; (S.R.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Maria Rosaria Faraone-Mennella
- Department of Biology, Polytechnic School of Basic Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80126 Naples, Italy; (S.R.); (A.R.B.)
- National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), via delle Medaglie d’oro, 00136 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.D.M.); (M.R.F.-M.); Tel.: +39-081-679134 (A.D.M.); +39-081-679136 (M.R.F.-M.)
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Arena C, Vitale L, Bianchi AR, Mistretta C, Vitale E, Parisi C, Guerriero G, Magliulo V, De Maio A. The Ageing Process Affects the Antioxidant Defences and the Poly (ADPribosyl)ation Activity in Cistus Incanus L. Leaves. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E528. [PMID: 31698730 PMCID: PMC6912739 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8110528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The ageing process in living organisms is characterised by the accumulation of several deleterious changes occurring in cells and tissues. The increase of reactive oxygen species with the advancement of age is responsible for the oxidative damage to proteins, lipids and DNA, enhancing the risk of diseases. The antioxidant response and the activation of the poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation process represent the first defences activated by organisms at all life stages to counteract damage to cell structures and genomic material. The regulation of poly(ADP ribosyl)ation with age is little known in plants, especially in combination with antioxidant defences modulation. In this study, the relationships between poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activity and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant pool have been studied together with the photosynthetic apparatus efficiency in the Mediterranean species Cistus incanus L., examining leaves at different developmental stages: young, mature and senescent. The photosynthetic performance was evaluated by chlorophyll a fluorescence measurement, the total soluble and fat-soluble antioxidant capacity, as well as the activities of enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), were determined by spectrophotometer, PARP activity was assessed by radioactive labelling. The highest photochemical activity was observed in young leaves, together with the highest GST activity. With the progress of the ageing process, the non-enzymatic antioxidant pool (namely ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol) declined, reaching the lowest value in senescent leaves, whereas PARP activity rose significantly. The overall results indicate that the decline of photosynthetic apparatus efficiency during senescence is due to the reduction of specific defences against oxidative damages, which increase the damages to DNA, as demonstrated by PARP activity rise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Arena
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (C.A.); (A.R.B.); (E.V.); (C.P.); (G.G.)
| | - Luca Vitale
- Istituto per i Sistemi Agricoli e Forestali del Mediterraneo (CNR-ISAFoM), Via Patacca 85, 80056 Ercolano (NA), Italy; (L.V.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Anna Rita Bianchi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (C.A.); (A.R.B.); (E.V.); (C.P.); (G.G.)
| | - Carmela Mistretta
- Istituto per i Sistemi Agricoli e Forestali del Mediterraneo (CNR-ISAFoM), Via Patacca 85, 80056 Ercolano (NA), Italy; (L.V.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Ermenegilda Vitale
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (C.A.); (A.R.B.); (E.V.); (C.P.); (G.G.)
| | - Costantino Parisi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (C.A.); (A.R.B.); (E.V.); (C.P.); (G.G.)
| | - Giulia Guerriero
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (C.A.); (A.R.B.); (E.V.); (C.P.); (G.G.)
| | - Vincenzo Magliulo
- Istituto per i Sistemi Agricoli e Forestali del Mediterraneo (CNR-ISAFoM), Via Patacca 85, 80056 Ercolano (NA), Italy; (L.V.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Anna De Maio
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (C.A.); (A.R.B.); (E.V.); (C.P.); (G.G.)
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D'Errico G, Vitiello G, De Tommaso G, Abdel-Gawad FK, Brundo MV, Ferrante M, De Maio A, Trocchia S, Bianchi AR, Ciarcia G, Guerriero G. Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) for the study of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) on the isolated frog skin (Pelophylax bergeri): A non-invasive method for environmental monitoring. Environ Res 2018; 165:11-18. [PMID: 29655038 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reactive oxygen species (ROS) in biological tissues of elected biosentinels represent an optimal biomarker for eco-monitoring of polluted areas. Electron spin resonance (ESR) is the most definitive method for detecting, quantifying and possibly identifying radicals in complex systems. OBJECTIVE A non-invasive method for monitoring polluted areas by the quantitative determination of ROS in frog skin biopsy is presented. METHODS We assessed by ESR spectroscopy the ROS level in adult male of Pelophylax bergeri, specie not a risk of extinction, collected from the polluted Sarno River (SA, Italy) basin. The spin-trap ESR method was validated by immunohistochemical analysis of the well-assessed pollution biomarkers cytochrome P450 aromatase 1A (CYP1A) and glutathione S-transferase (GST), and by determining the poly(ADPribose) polymerase (PARP) and GST enzymatic activity. RESULTS ROS concentration in skin samples from frogs collected in the polluted area is significantly higher than that determined for the unpolluted reference area. Immunohistochemical analysis of CYP1A and GST supported the reliability of our approach, even in the absence of evident morphological and ultrastructural differences. PARP activity assay, connected to possible oxidative DNA damage, and the detoxification index by GST enzymatic assay give statistically significant evidence that higher levels of ROS are associated to alterations of the different biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS ROS concentration, measured by ESR on isolated frog skin, through the presented non-lethal method, is a reliable biomarker for toxicity screening and represents a useful basic datum for future modelling studies on environmental monitoring and biodiversity loss prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardino D'Errico
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, via Cintia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy; CSGI, Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase, Via della Lastruccia 3, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Vitiello
- CSGI, Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase, Via della Lastruccia 3, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy; Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, I-80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetano De Tommaso
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, via Cintia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Fagr Kh Abdel-Gawad
- Water Pollution Research Department, Centre of Excellence for Advanced Sciences (CEAS), National Research Centre, El Buhout St., Dokki, ET-12622 Giza, Egypt
| | - Maria Violetta Brundo
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, University of Catania, Corso Italia 57, I-95129 Catania, Italy
| | - Margherita Ferrante
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, I-95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Anna De Maio
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, via Cintia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Samantha Trocchia
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, via Cintia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Bianchi
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, via Cintia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetano Ciarcia
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, via Cintia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Center for Environment (I.R.C.Env.), University of Naples Federico II, Via Mezzocannone 16, I-80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Giulia Guerriero
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, via Cintia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Center for Environment (I.R.C.Env.), University of Naples Federico II, Via Mezzocannone 16, I-80134 Naples, Italy
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Guerriero G, Brundo MV, Labar S, Bianchi AR, Trocchia S, Rabbito D, Palumbo G, Abdel-Gawad FK, De Maio A. Frog (Pelophylax bergeri, Günther 1986) endocrine disruption assessment: characterization and role of skin poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:18303-18313. [PMID: 29081042 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0395-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Model of the our research was the adult male amphibian anura, Pelophylax bergeri, poikilotherm species not considered threatened by the IUCN, sampled in representative sites at different degree. In the first phase, a biochemical characterization of the ADP-ribosylation on the skin of barcoded amphibian anura collected from Matese Lake (clean reference site in CE, Italy) was carried out. Two PARP isoforms were evidence: the first of 66 kDa is localized into nucleus and activated by DNA damage; the second of 150 kDa is in cytoplasm, as demonstrated by biochemical and immunohistochemical analysis. Subsequently, the PARP activity, the quantitative expression of androgen receptor gene, and the levels of arsenic and chromium in skin and testis of frog and soil, water, and sediment collected from sites at different degrees of pollution were measured. A significant variation of PARP activity and androgen receptor expression levels was detected in both tissues of barcoded frogs from Sarno and Scafati, along Sarno River (SA, Italy), suggesting that a PARP activation is correlated to pollution and to steroid-regulated physiology disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Guerriero
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy.
- Interdepartmental Research Center for Environment (I.R.C.Env.), Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Maria Violetta Brundo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche ed Ambientali, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Sofiane Labar
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
- Department of Biology, Chadli bendjedid El Tarf University, El Tarf, Algeria
| | - Anna Rita Bianchi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Samantha Trocchia
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Dea Rabbito
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Palumbo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Fagr Kh Abdel-Gawad
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Science, Environmental Sciences Research Division, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Anna De Maio
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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Bianchi AR, Ferreri C, Ruggiero S, Deplano S, Sunda V, Galloro G, Formisano C, Mennella MRF. Automodification of PARP and fatty acid-based membrane lipidome as a promising integrated biomarker panel in molecular medicine. Biomark Med 2016; 10:229-42. [PMID: 26860237 DOI: 10.2217/bmm.16.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Establishing by statistical analyses whether the analyses of auto-modified poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase and erythrocyte membrane fatty acid composition (Fat Profile(®)), separately or in tandem, help monitoring the physio-pathology of the cell, and correlate with diseases, if present. PATIENTS & METHODS Ninety five subjects were interviewed and analyzed blindly. Blood lymphocytes and erythrocytes were prepared to assay poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase automodification and fatty acid based membrane lipidome, respectively. RESULTS Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase automodification levels confirmed their correlation with DNA damage extent, and allowed monitoring disease activity, upon surgical/therapeutic treatment. Membrane lipidome profiles showed lipid unbalance mainly linked to inflammatory states. Statistically both tests were separately significant, and correlated each other within some pathologies. CONCLUSION In the laboratory routine, both tests, separately or in tandem, might be a preliminary and helpful step to investigate the occurrence of a given disease. Their combination represents a promising integrated panel for sensible, noninvasive and routine health monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rita Bianchi
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Carla Ferreri
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Organic Synthesis & Photoreactivity (ISOF), 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Ruggiero
- Department of Clinical Medicine & Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80135 Naples, Italy
| | - Simone Deplano
- Lipinutragen srl, Lipidomic Laboratory, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Sunda
- Lipinutragen srl, Lipidomic Laboratory, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Galloro
- Department of Clinical Medicine & Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80135 Naples, Italy
| | - Cesare Formisano
- Department of Clinical Medicine & Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80135 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Faraone Mennella
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80126 Naples, Italy.,National Institute of Biostructures & Biosystems, 00136 Rome, Italy
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Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribosylation) is a post-translational modification of proteins involved in a wide range of molecular and cellular processes in mammalian system. The main enzymes responsible for this modification are the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases that catalyze the transfer of ADP-ribose moieties from NAD + to target protein acceptors, producing long and branched ADP-ribose polymers. The poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is rapidly reverted by poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase enzymes, which hydrolyzes poly(ADP-ribose) polymers, generating free ADP-ribose. So far, nine proteins with a poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase signature and two poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase enzymes encoded by two adiacent genes were identified in Arabidopsis . The present review will describe the structures and functions of plant poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases and poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolases.
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Baccolo TP, Montaruli C, Bianchi AR, Cipolloni L, Gagliardi D, Ippoliti M, Lentisco F, Luciani A, Marchetti MR, Iavicoli S. [Tobacco's smoke in the workplaces, webpages in the ISPESL's website]. G Ital Med Lav Ergon 2007; 29:492-494. [PMID: 18409793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The authors present the section, part of the ISPESL's website, dedicated to tobacco smoke at work. In this subdivision many topics regarding problems caused by tobacco smoke in the workplaces are gathered and discussed so that different personnel responsible for health and prevention at work can find a technical answer to take part to the improvement of the psychophysical welfare of both smokers and non smokers. The general information section has collected the relative Italian and international laws regarding smoking in the workplace along with representative court cases, and some publications and essays which have been presented on this topic. Inside the section dedicated to the employers and companies, the authors have posted useful importation on smoking in the workplace which includes some tools that can turn to be interesting to those who are supposed to be involved with prevention, the updated addresses of the national public antismoking centers, experiences and activities against tobacco smoke of national and international companies, events regarding smoke at work, informative sheets and leaflets for smokers, link to other site that argue about this topic. Moreover, there is a section dedicated to a forum where Internet user can share their experiences and thoughts on workplaces free from tobacco smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P Baccolo
- Dipartimento di Medicina del Lavoro, ISPESL, Roma.
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Coen G, Mazzaferro S, Bonucci E, Taggi F, Ballanti P, Bianchi AR, Donato G, Massimetti C, Smacchi A, Cinotti GA. Bone GLA protein in predialysis chronic renal failure. Effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 administration in a long-term follow-up. Kidney Int 1985; 28:783-90. [PMID: 3878905 DOI: 10.1038/ki.1985.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Serum bone GLA protein (BGP) was measured by radioimmunoassay in 42 patients (age, 47.5 +/- 16.6 years; serum creatinine, 4.32 +/- 1.9 mg/dl) with predialysis chronic renal failure (CRF). Nineteen patients were studied within a short period of time, while 23 were followed with repeated measurements of serum BGP, creatinine, iPTH, and alkaline phosphatase (AP) for a mean period of 17.1 +/- 8.1 months. Eleven of these patients were treated with 1,25(OH)2D3 for a mean of 16.8 +/- 6.4 months. In 23 patients at various stages of CRF, a transiliac bone biopsy was performed for histomorphometric evaluation. In the untreated patients, serum BGP was higher than normal and showed a positive correlation with creatinine levels (P less than 0.001). Serum BGP was also positively correlated with iPTH, AP, serum phosphate, active resorption surface, active osteoblastic surface, osteoid surface, and volume. During treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3, BGP, iPTH, and AP were significantly lower than in the untreated patients. The reduction in iPTH and BGP was proportional, while BGP and AP no longer correlated. Repeated measurements of BGP during the long-term follow-up showed a progressive rise in the untreated patients and a downward course of BGP levels during treatment. In conclusion, serum BGP increases progressively in CRF, rising with advancing renal damage in close correlation with iPTH, AP, and the severity of renal osteodystrophy. Treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 causes a parallel decline in BGP and iPTH levels and dissociation between BGP and AP can be observed. Compared to AP, BGP seems to be a more reliable index of secondary hyperparathyroidism and potentially more useful in the long-term monitoring of treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3.
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Coen G, Taccone Gallucci M, Bonucci E, Ballanti P, Bianchi AR, Bianchini G, Matteucci MC, Mazzaferro S, Picca S, Taggi F, Cinotti GA, Casciani CU. 1,25(OH)2D3 and 25-OHD3 in the treatment of renal osteodystrophy: comparison of combined versus 1,25(OH)2D3 administration alone. Miner Electrolyte Metab 1983; 9:19-27. [PMID: 6687749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Coen G, Bianchi AR, Ballanti P, Bianchini G, Bravo E, Mazzaferro S, Cinotti GA. [Assay of serum 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol by a competitive protein binding method]. Boll Soc Ital Biol Sper 1981; 57:1880-1886. [PMID: 6976177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
24-25(OH)2 D3 is a vitamin D metabolite due to renal 24-hydroxylation of 25OHD3. The metabolite has some important biological functions on the bone and intestine. Its affinity to the D serum binding protein allows a competitive binding protein assay to be carried out as for 25OHD3, following a chromatographic purification step on Sephadex LH 20. Serum levels of the metabolite in 18 control subjects were found to be 2,69 +/- 1,34 ng/ml while 25OHD3 was 17,41 +/- 7,39 ng/ml and the ratio 24-25(OH)2D3 /25OHD3 in the serum was 0,15. The assay of 24-25(OH)2D3 is useful for physiological studies and for identification of vitamin D depletion states.
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Coen G, Ballanti P, Taccone-Gallucci M, Bianchi AR, Bianchini G, Mazzaferro S, Milletti I, Cinotti GA. [Bone histomorphometry: methodological criteria in the study of metabolic skeletal diseases]. Boll Soc Ital Biol Sper 1981; 57:1873-9. [PMID: 6895600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The present study deals with the appropriate statistical approach to the histomorphometric technique carried out on bone tissue with the Merz and Schenk integrating eyepiece. Statistical analysis of the results obtained from ten bone biopsies of renal osteodystrophic patients enabled to calculate the values of standard errors for each histomorphometric parameter as a function of measured histological fields. The examination of 42 fields chosen at random on histological sections from different sites of the bone biopsy guarantees sufficiently low standard error values. This technique is of invaluable help in the study of metabolic bone diseases, and extremely useful in the evaluation of treatment trials in renal osteodystrophy.
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Coen G, Bianchini G, Mazzaferro S, Di Segni M, Bianchi AR, Bravo E, Gallucci G, Cinotti GA. [Serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and parathyroid function in the nephrotic syndrome]. Minerva Nefrol 1981; 28:133-7. [PMID: 7290517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Coen G, Bianchini G, Mazzaferro S, Bianchi AR, Gallucci G. [Circannual rhythm of plasma 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in normal man]. Boll Soc Ital Biol Sper 1980; 56:1535-1540. [PMID: 7459073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Circannual rhythm of serum 25OH-cholecalciferol has been evaluated in 11 normal adult subjects. Blood samples were collected monthly. The pattern of serum levels of the metabolite was biphasic with the lower average values between January and June and maximal mean levels between July and October. Mean values were higher than in North-European countries. The estimated dietary intake of cholecalciferol was in the normal range. Therefore diet does not seem to account for the relatively elevated serum levels of the metabolite. On the contrary sunlight exposure appeared to have marked influence both on mean 250HD levels and on the seasonal rhythm. In spite of seasonal wide variation of serum 250HD levels, blood calcium and phosphate values were stable. The results of serum PTH assay favour the hypothesis that the maintenance of steady blood calcium levels may be due to seasonal variation of parathyroid secretion.
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Coen G, Taccone Gallucci M, Bianchini G, Lucentini G, Gallucci G, Bianchi AR, Matteucci MC, Picca S, Casciani CU. [Behavior of serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in humans after administration of vitamin D and 25-OHD3]. Boll Soc Ital Biol Sper 1979; 55:2051-6. [PMID: 232847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Serum levels of 25 hydroxycholecalciferol were evaluated following i.m. and p.o. vit. D2 and D3 and p.o. 25OHD3 administration. While no increment in 25OHD3 serum levels were observed after i. m. administration of non-hydroxylated calciferols, a marked increment of the metabolite was found following the oral administration. However the peak values were largely impredictable. Acute and chronic p.o. administration of 25OHD3 determines a rapid and dose-dependent increase of the serum levels of the metabolite. In addition considering that a lower dosage is required of 25OHD3 compared to vit. D, this metabolite is preferable in the therapeutic use.
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