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Zwyrzykowska-Wodzińska A, Bielas W, Niżański W, Jankowska-Mąkosa A, Knecht D. Dietary Supplementation with Linseed Oil Ethyl Esters Improves Sexual Behavior and Chosen Seminal Parameters in Porcine Species. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13081347. [PMID: 37106910 PMCID: PMC10135287 DOI: 10.3390/ani13081347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that improvements in the sperm and semen quality of males of many species can be achieved with appropriate dietary supplements added to feed or fodder. Particularly promising seems to be the inclusion of omega polyunsaturated fatty acids in the diets of males. Among other things, it has been shown that linseed oil ethyl esters (EELO can be an excellent source of omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in animal diets. These compounds are more durable and resistant to oxidation, epoxidation and resinification processes, and do not exhibit toxic properties in living organisms. At present, there is a lack of data in the literature on the enrichment of boar diets with EELO. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of the addition of EELO to boar diets on the properties of sperm in fresh semen. The study was conducted during the summer on semen collected from 12 boars of the line 990. Linseed oil ethyl esters were administered in each feeding at a rate of 3.0% (45 mL each) in basal diets for each boar on a daily basis for 16 weeks. Ejaculates were collected manually by the gloved-hand technique, at one-week intervals for eight-week periods, from the eighth week onwards after the start of feeding. Eight ejaculates were collected from each boar, totaling 96 samples. The addition of EELO to the diets of boars caused an increase in sperm viability (p < 0.001), semen volume (310 mL versus 216 mL, p < 0.001) and sperm concentration (331 versus 216 million per mL, p < 0.001). Furthermore, in the experimental animals, there was a decrease in the percentage of spermatozoa exhibiting DNA fragmentation. The experimental boars also showed an increase in the percentage of gametes without apoptosis and capacitation and an increase in the percentage of viable spermatozoa not showing lipid peroxidation membranes. Consequently, EELO nutritional supplementation resulted in the improved quality of the fresh semen of boars.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wiesław Bielas
- Department of Reproduction and Clinic of Farm Animal, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Niżański
- Department of Reproduction and Clinic of Farm Animal, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Jankowska-Mąkosa
- Institute of Animal Breeding, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Damian Knecht
- Institute of Animal Breeding, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
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Pachura N, Kupczyński R, Sycz J, Kuklińska A, Zwyrzykowska-Wodzińska A, Wińska K, Owczarek A, Kuropka P, Nowaczyk R, Bąbelewski P, Szumny A. Biological Potential and Chemical Profile of European Varieties of Ilex. Foods 2021; 11:foods11010047. [PMID: 35010173 PMCID: PMC8750822 DOI: 10.3390/foods11010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants of the genus Ilex are widespread throughout the world, with its best-known representative being Ilex paraguraiensis from South America. The European species Ilex aquifolium shows similarities in its terpenoid, sugar and phenolic acid profiles. Using aqueous extracts of Ilex aquifolium as a supplement in Wistar rats showed that, despite the lack of caffeine, it had strong hypocholesterolemic effects. In addition, a reduction in oxidative lipid degradation and a decrease in hepatic steatosis in histopathological studies were observed. The results of this study suggest that extracts from the European species Ilex aquifolium may have potential as an alternative treatment for hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Pachura
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.S.); (K.W.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Robert Kupczyński
- Department of Environment, Animal Hygiene and Welfare, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 38C, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland; (R.K.); (A.K.); (A.Z.-W.)
| | - Jordan Sycz
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.S.); (K.W.); (A.S.)
| | - Agata Kuklińska
- Department of Environment, Animal Hygiene and Welfare, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 38C, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland; (R.K.); (A.K.); (A.Z.-W.)
| | - Anna Zwyrzykowska-Wodzińska
- Department of Environment, Animal Hygiene and Welfare, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 38C, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland; (R.K.); (A.K.); (A.Z.-W.)
| | - Katarzyna Wińska
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.S.); (K.W.); (A.S.)
| | - Aleksandra Owczarek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lódź, Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Piotr Kuropka
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biostructure, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 31, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.K.); (R.N.)
| | - Renata Nowaczyk
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biostructure, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 31, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.K.); (R.N.)
| | - Przemysław Bąbelewski
- Department of Horticulture, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzki Square 24A, 50-363 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Antoni Szumny
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.S.); (K.W.); (A.S.)
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Paluch E, Okińczyc P, Zwyrzykowska-Wodzińska A, Szperlik J, Żarowska B, Duda-Madej A, Bąbelewski P, Włodarczyk M, Wojtasik W, Kupczyński R, Szumny A. Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Ilex Leaves Water Extracts. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247442. [PMID: 34946528 PMCID: PMC8707412 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants from the Ilex genus are known for properties such as antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity, can act as antiobesity agents and thus can be helpful in medicine. Some holly species, such as Ilex paraguariensis (widely known in the form of popular beverage: yerba mate), have been investigated, while others have been partially researched or remain unknown. Therefore, we performed qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analyses and screened antimicrobial properties of lesser-studied species (I. aquifolium L., I. aquifolium ‘Argentea Marginata’ and I. × meserveae ‘Blue Angel’). I. paraguariensis was used as a standard species for comparison purposes. Investigations were performed on water extracts due to their expected activity and composition. Antimicrobial research included evaluating minimal inhibitory, bactericidal (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) and fungicidal concentration (Candida albicans, Alternaria alternata, Fusarium oxysporum, and Aspergillus niger) of extracts. The influence of the extracts on the production, eradication, and viability of bacterial biofilms was also analysed. It was established that Ilex paraguariensis possesses the richest profile of hydroxycinnamic acids derivatives in terms of component concentration and diversity. Ilex spp., especially I. × meserveae, contain a slightly higher amount of flavonoids and more different flavonoid derivatives than I. paraguariensis. However, the strongest antibacterial activity was shown by I. aquifolium L. and its cultivar ‘Argentea Marginata’ in terms of minimal inhibitory, bactericidal and fungicidal concentration, and biofilm assays. Extracts from both species significantly reduced the biofilm viability of S. aureus as well, which may be of use in the production of multicomponent lavaseptics, antiseptics, diuretics (supporting urinary tract infection therapy) and, due to their action on fungi, additives to growth media for specific fungi. The significant content of saponins enables Ilex extracts to be used as natural emulsifiers, for example, in cosmetics. Moreover, relatively high chlorogenic acid and rutin content may suggest use of Ilex spp. to treat obesity, digestive problems, in chemoprevention, and as preservatives in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Paluch
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Chałubińskiego 4, 50-376 Wrocław, Poland; (E.P.); (A.D.-M.)
| | - Piotr Okińczyc
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicines, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211a, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland;
- Correspondence: (P.O.); (P.B.); Tel.: +48-71-784-02-16 (P.O.)
| | - Anna Zwyrzykowska-Wodzińska
- Department of Environment Hygiene and Animal Welfare, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 38C, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (A.Z.-W.); (R.K.)
| | - Jakub Szperlik
- Laboratory of Tissue Culture, Botanical Garden, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Sienkiewicza 23, 50-525 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Barbara Żarowska
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Anna Duda-Madej
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Chałubińskiego 4, 50-376 Wrocław, Poland; (E.P.); (A.D.-M.)
| | - Przemysław Bąbelewski
- Department of Horticulture, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzki 24A, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
- Correspondence: (P.O.); (P.B.); Tel.: +48-71-784-02-16 (P.O.)
| | - Maciej Włodarczyk
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicines, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211a, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Wioleta Wojtasik
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Robert Kupczyński
- Department of Environment Hygiene and Animal Welfare, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 38C, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (A.Z.-W.); (R.K.)
| | - Antoni Szumny
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland;
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Kuropka P, Zwyrzykowska-Wodzińska A, Kupczyński R, Włodarczyk M, Szumny A, Nowaczyk RM. The Effect of Ilex × meserveae S. Y. Hu Extract and Its Fractions on Renal Morphology in Rats Fed with Normal and High-Cholesterol Diet. Foods 2021; 10:foods10040818. [PMID: 33918905 PMCID: PMC8069847 DOI: 10.3390/foods10040818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic properties of Ilex species are widely used in natural medicine. Ilex × meserveae may become a potential substitute for Ilex paraguariensis (Yerba Mate). As a part of the preliminary safety verification of this European Ilex hybrid vs. Yerba Mate, an eight-week study concerning the impact of regular administration of leaves of both species on kidneys was conducted. The standard water infusion and three dominant fractions of Ilex × meserveae leaves’ constituents (polyphenols, saponins and less polar terpenoids) were separately tried on 96 male Wistar rats divided into 8-member groups. Animals were divided into two basic nutritional groups: the first one was rats fed standard feed and the second on was rats fed with high-cholesterol diet (20 g of cholesterol per kg of standard feed). Postmortem morphometric evaluation of stained kidney samples concerned the filtration barrier elements, which are crucial in proper diuresis. The results showed that saponins present in the hydroalcoholic dry extract (administered in a dose of 10 mg/kg of body weight/day) as well as in water infusions (1:20) from Ilex × meserveae and Ilex paraguariensis do not demonstrate nephrotoxicity but conversely, have a protective role on kidney status in animals fed with a normal diet and in a high-cholesterol diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Kuropka
- Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Division of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Anna Zwyrzykowska-Wodzińska
- Department of Environment Hygiene and Animal Welfare, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chelmońskiego 38C, 51-631 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.Z.-W.); (R.K.)
| | - Robert Kupczyński
- Department of Environment Hygiene and Animal Welfare, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chelmońskiego 38C, 51-631 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.Z.-W.); (R.K.)
| | - Maciej Włodarczyk
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211a, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Antoni Szumny
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Renata M. Nowaczyk
- Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Division of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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Kupczyński R, Śpitalniak K, Zwyrzykowska-Wodzińska A, Soroko M. The influence of different workload trainings on some blood parameters in show jumping horses. VET ARHIV 2018. [DOI: 10.24099/vet.arhiv.170513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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