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Ritter A, Roth S, Kreis NN, Friemel A, Hoock SC, Steglich Souto A, Eichbaum C, Neuhoff A, Chen Q, Solbach C, Louwen F, Yuan J. Primary Cilia in Trophoblastic Cells: Potential Involvement in Preeclampsia. Hypertension 2020; 76:1491-1505. [PMID: 33026915 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.15433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of preeclampsia, a pregnancy-related disease, is not completely understood. The primary cilium transduces a diverse array of signaling pathways important for vital cellular activities. Primary cilia were reported to facilitate trophoblastic cell invasion. We hypothesized their further functions in trophoblasts and were interested in related molecular mechanisms. We systematically examined the presence, length and percentage of the primary cilium, its mediated signal transduction, and its connection to trophoblast function. Various cellular and molecular methods were used including immunofluorescence staining, spheroid formation, gene analysis, invasion and tube formation assays with trophoblastic cell lines, primary trophoblasts, and placental tissues. We show that primary cilia are present in various trophoblastic cell lines derived from first trimester placentas. Cilia are also observable in primary trophoblasts, though in a small quantity. Importantly, primary cilia are shortened in trophoblastic cells derived from preeclamptic placentas. Mechanistically, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α or sera from patients with preeclampsia are able to reduce the length of primary cilia and impair the important sonic hedgehog signaling pathway. Functionally, trophoblastic cells with defective cilia display severe failures in their key functions, like migration, invasion and tube formation, also observed in trophoblastic cells depleted of the intraflagellar transport protein 88. This is accompanied by reduced gene expression of matrix metallopeptidases, vascular endothelial growth factor, and placental growth factor. This work highlights the significance of primary cilia in the functions of trophoblastic cells. Dysfunctional cilia may lead to compromised migration, invasion, and endothelial remodeling of trophoblastic cells, contributing to the development of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Ritter
- From the Division of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital, Goethe University, Germany (A.R., S.R., N.-N.K., A.F., S.C.H., A.S.S., C.E., A.N., C.S., F.L., J.Y.)
| | - Susanne Roth
- From the Division of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital, Goethe University, Germany (A.R., S.R., N.-N.K., A.F., S.C.H., A.S.S., C.E., A.N., C.S., F.L., J.Y.)
| | - Nina-Naomi Kreis
- From the Division of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital, Goethe University, Germany (A.R., S.R., N.-N.K., A.F., S.C.H., A.S.S., C.E., A.N., C.S., F.L., J.Y.)
| | - Alexandra Friemel
- From the Division of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital, Goethe University, Germany (A.R., S.R., N.-N.K., A.F., S.C.H., A.S.S., C.E., A.N., C.S., F.L., J.Y.)
| | - Samira Catharina Hoock
- From the Division of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital, Goethe University, Germany (A.R., S.R., N.-N.K., A.F., S.C.H., A.S.S., C.E., A.N., C.S., F.L., J.Y.)
| | - Alice Steglich Souto
- From the Division of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital, Goethe University, Germany (A.R., S.R., N.-N.K., A.F., S.C.H., A.S.S., C.E., A.N., C.S., F.L., J.Y.)
| | - Christine Eichbaum
- From the Division of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital, Goethe University, Germany (A.R., S.R., N.-N.K., A.F., S.C.H., A.S.S., C.E., A.N., C.S., F.L., J.Y.)
| | - Annemarie Neuhoff
- From the Division of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital, Goethe University, Germany (A.R., S.R., N.-N.K., A.F., S.C.H., A.S.S., C.E., A.N., C.S., F.L., J.Y.)
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Auckland, New Zealand (Q.C.).,Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Q.C.)
| | - Christine Solbach
- From the Division of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital, Goethe University, Germany (A.R., S.R., N.-N.K., A.F., S.C.H., A.S.S., C.E., A.N., C.S., F.L., J.Y.)
| | - Frank Louwen
- From the Division of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital, Goethe University, Germany (A.R., S.R., N.-N.K., A.F., S.C.H., A.S.S., C.E., A.N., C.S., F.L., J.Y.)
| | - Juping Yuan
- From the Division of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital, Goethe University, Germany (A.R., S.R., N.-N.K., A.F., S.C.H., A.S.S., C.E., A.N., C.S., F.L., J.Y.)
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Hahn SA, Neuhoff A, Landsberg J, Schupp J, Eberts D, Leukel P, Bros M, Weilbaecher M, Schuppan D, Grabbe S, Tueting T, Lennerz V, Sommer C, Jonuleit H, Tuettenberg A. A key role of GARP in the immune suppressive tumor microenvironment. Oncotarget 2018; 7:42996-43009. [PMID: 27248166 PMCID: PMC5190003 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In melanoma patients, one of the main reasons for tumor immune escape and therapy failure is the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Herein, suppressive immune cells and inhibitory factors secreted by the tumor itself play a central role. In the present study we show that the Treg activation marker GARP (glycoprotein A repetitions predominant), known to induce peripheral tolerance in a TGF-β dependent way, is also expressed on human primary melanoma. Interestingly, membrane bound GARP is shed from the surface of both, activated Treg and melanoma cells, and, in its soluble form (sGARP), not only induces peripheral Treg but also a tumor associated (M2) macrophage phenotype. Notably, proliferation of cytotoxic T cells and their effector function is inhibited in the presence of sGARP. GARP expression on Treg and melanoma cells is significantly decreased in the presence of agents such as IFN-α, thus explaining at least in part a novel mechanism of action of this adjuvant therapy. In conclusion, GARP in its soluble and membrane bound form contributes to peripheral tolerance in a multipronged way, potentiates the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and thus acts as a negative regulator in melanoma patients. Therefore, it may qualify as a promising target and a new checkpoint for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne A Hahn
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Annemarie Neuhoff
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jenny Landsberg
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jonathan Schupp
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Daniela Eberts
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Petra Leukel
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Bros
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Martin Weilbaecher
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.,Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephan Grabbe
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Tueting
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Volker Lennerz
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Clemens Sommer
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Helmut Jonuleit
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andrea Tuettenberg
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
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