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Navarro JA, Decara J, Medina-Vera D, Tovar R, Lopez-Gambero AJ, Suarez J, Pavón FJ, Serrano A, de Ceglia M, Sanjuan C, Baltasar YA, Baixeras E, Rodríguez de Fonseca F. Endocrine and Metabolic Impact of Oral Ingestion of a Carob-Pod-Derived Natural-Syrup-Containing D-Pinitol: Potential Use as a Novel Sweetener in Diabetes. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081594. [PMID: 36015220 PMCID: PMC9416495 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The widespread use of added sugars or non-nutritive sweeteners in processed foods is a challenge for addressing the therapeutics of obesity and diabetes. Both types of sweeteners generate health problems, and both are being blamed for multiple complications associated with these prevalent diseases. As an example, fructose is proven to contribute to obesity and liver steatosis, while non-nutritive sweeteners generate gut dysbiosis that complicates the metabolic control exerted by the liver. The present work explores an alternative approach for sweetening through the use of a simple carob-pod-derived syrup. This sweetener consists of a balanced mixture of fructose (47%) and glucose (45%), as sweetening sugars, and a functional natural ingredient (D-Pinitol) at a concentration (3%) capable of producing active metabolic effects. The administration of this syrup to healthy volunteers (50 g of total carbohydrates) resulted in less persistent glucose excursions, a lower insulin response to the hyperglycemia produced by its ingestion, and an enhanced glucagon/insulin ratio, compared to that observed after the ingestion of 50 g of glucose. Daily administration of the syrup to Wistar rats for 10 days lowered fat depots in the liver, reduced liver glycogen, promoted fat oxidation, and was devoid of toxic effects. In addition, this repeated administration of the syrup improved glucose handling after a glucose (2 g/kg) load. Overall, this alternative functional sweetener retains the natural palatability of a glucose/fructose syrup while displaying beneficial metabolic effects that might serve to protect against the progression towards complicated obesity, especially the development of liver steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A. Navarro
- Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (J.A.N.); (J.D.); (D.M.-V.); (R.T.); (A.J.L.-G.); (J.S.); (F.J.P.); (A.S.); (M.d.C.)
- Facultad de Medicina, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan Decara
- Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (J.A.N.); (J.D.); (D.M.-V.); (R.T.); (A.J.L.-G.); (J.S.); (F.J.P.); (A.S.); (M.d.C.)
| | - Dina Medina-Vera
- Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (J.A.N.); (J.D.); (D.M.-V.); (R.T.); (A.J.L.-G.); (J.S.); (F.J.P.); (A.S.); (M.d.C.)
- Facultad de Medicina, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión del Corazón, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Ruben Tovar
- Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (J.A.N.); (J.D.); (D.M.-V.); (R.T.); (A.J.L.-G.); (J.S.); (F.J.P.); (A.S.); (M.d.C.)
- Facultad de Medicina, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonio J. Lopez-Gambero
- Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (J.A.N.); (J.D.); (D.M.-V.); (R.T.); (A.J.L.-G.); (J.S.); (F.J.P.); (A.S.); (M.d.C.)
- Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan Suarez
- Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (J.A.N.); (J.D.); (D.M.-V.); (R.T.); (A.J.L.-G.); (J.S.); (F.J.P.); (A.S.); (M.d.C.)
- Departamento de Anatomía Humana, Medicina Legal e Historia de la Ciencia, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Pavón
- Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (J.A.N.); (J.D.); (D.M.-V.); (R.T.); (A.J.L.-G.); (J.S.); (F.J.P.); (A.S.); (M.d.C.)
- Unidad de Gestión del Corazón, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonia Serrano
- Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (J.A.N.); (J.D.); (D.M.-V.); (R.T.); (A.J.L.-G.); (J.S.); (F.J.P.); (A.S.); (M.d.C.)
| | - Marialuisa de Ceglia
- Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (J.A.N.); (J.D.); (D.M.-V.); (R.T.); (A.J.L.-G.); (J.S.); (F.J.P.); (A.S.); (M.d.C.)
| | - Carlos Sanjuan
- Euronutra S.L. Calle Johannes Kepler, 3, 29590 Málaga, Spain; (C.S.); (Y.A.B.)
| | | | - Elena Baixeras
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Correspondence: (E.B.); (F.R.d.F.); Tel.: +34-655373093 (E.B.); +34-669426548 (F.R.d.F.)
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (J.A.N.); (J.D.); (D.M.-V.); (R.T.); (A.J.L.-G.); (J.S.); (F.J.P.); (A.S.); (M.d.C.)
- Correspondence: (E.B.); (F.R.d.F.); Tel.: +34-655373093 (E.B.); +34-669426548 (F.R.d.F.)
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Decara J, Serrano A, Pavón FJ, Rivera P, Arco R, Gavito A, Vargas A, Navarro JA, Tovar R, Lopez-Gambero AJ, Martínez A, Suárez J, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Baixeras E. The adiponectin promoter activator NP-1 induces high levels of circulating TNFα and weight loss in obese (fa/fa) Zucker rats. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9858. [PMID: 29959379 PMCID: PMC6026175 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27871-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic NP-1 administration reduces body weight and hepatic steatosis despite induction of tolerance in adiponectin gene transcription with respect to the acute actions of this drug. This study explored the hypothesis that NP-1 could exert these effects through mechanisms independent of adiponectin. To this aim, we took advantage of the Zucker (fa/fa) rat model, which exhibits obesity, fatty liver and elevated leptin and adiponectin levels. Body weight and food intake were reduced after chronic NP-1 treatment. Plasma TNFα concentrations were elevated but no increase in adiponectin was found. Even so, NP-1 ameliorated fatty liver and corrected dyslipidemia by mechanisms probably associated with reduced feeding, transcription of Cpt1 and down-regulation of Hmgcr-CoA expression. In brown fat tissue NP-1 increased Dnmt1 (inhibitor of Adipoq) while it reduced Ucp1 expression and heat production, which excludes thermogenesis as a mechanism of the NP-1 slimming effect. The anti-obesity action of chronic NP-1 administration might be mediated by TNFα, which is known to have anorectic actions in the hypothalamus and to regulate both Dmnt1 and Ucp1 expression in adipose tissues. This finding opens up the possibility of using NP-1-mediated TNFα-induced weight loss as an innovative treatment of complicated obesity under strict pharmacologic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Decara
- UGC Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga-Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, Avda. Carlos Haya 82, Pabellón de Gobierno, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonia Serrano
- UGC Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga-Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, Avda. Carlos Haya 82, Pabellón de Gobierno, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Pavón
- UGC Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga-Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, Avda. Carlos Haya 82, Pabellón de Gobierno, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Patricia Rivera
- UGC Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga-Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, Avda. Carlos Haya 82, Pabellón de Gobierno, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Rocio Arco
- UGC Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga-Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, Avda. Carlos Haya 82, Pabellón de Gobierno, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ana Gavito
- UGC Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga-Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, Avda. Carlos Haya 82, Pabellón de Gobierno, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonio Vargas
- UGC Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga-Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, Avda. Carlos Haya 82, Pabellón de Gobierno, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan A Navarro
- UGC Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga-Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, Avda. Carlos Haya 82, Pabellón de Gobierno, 29010, Málaga, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ruben Tovar
- UGC Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga-Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, Avda. Carlos Haya 82, Pabellón de Gobierno, 29010, Málaga, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonio J Lopez-Gambero
- UGC Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga-Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, Avda. Carlos Haya 82, Pabellón de Gobierno, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ana Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Suárez
- UGC Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga-Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, Avda. Carlos Haya 82, Pabellón de Gobierno, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- UGC Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga-Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, Avda. Carlos Haya 82, Pabellón de Gobierno, 29010, Málaga, Spain.
| | - Elena Baixeras
- UGC Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga-Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, Avda. Carlos Haya 82, Pabellón de Gobierno, 29010, Málaga, Spain. .,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
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