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Kumaravel V, Mohan B, Natarajan A, Murali N, Selvaraj P, Vasanthakumar P. Effect on growth performance, carcass traits, and myostatin gene expression in Aseel chicken fed varied levels of dietary protein in isocaloric energy diets. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:82. [PMID: 36795279 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03505-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
A study was conducted to assess the effect of feeding different crude protein (CP) levels with isocaloric metabolizable energy (ME) diets on growth performance, carcass traits, and myostatin (MSTN) gene expression of Aseel chicken during 0 to 16 weeks of age. A total of two hundred and ten day-old Aseel chickens were randomly allotted to seven dietary treatment groups. Each group had thirty chicks distributed into three replicates of ten chicks in each. Experimental diets were formulated to have varying levels of CP, viz. 18.5, 19.0, 19.5, 20.0, 20.5, 21.0, and 21.5%, with isocaloric energy of 2800 kcal ME/kg diets of mash feed fed to birds in a completely randomized design. Different CP levels had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on the body weight gain (BWG) of Aseel chicken. At the end of 16 weeks of age, the group fed 21% CP gained 223.53 g more than the lowest CP (18.5%)-fed group. The different CP levels did not significantly (P > 0.05) influenced the feed intake of all treatment groups, but numerically highest feed intake was observed in the lowest CP (18.5%)-fed group. However, significant differences in feed efficiency (FE) appeared from the 13th week only with the 21.0% CP-fed group showing the best FE until the 16th week (3.86 to 4.06). The maximum dressing % (70.61) was observed by the 21% CP-fed group. The CP 21% diet down-regulated the MSTN gene expression in breast muscle tissue to 0.07 folds when compared to the diet of CP 20%. The best economical coordinates for maximum performance for Aseel chicken appeared to be CP of 21% and ME of 2800 kcal/kg to achieve the best FE of 3.86 at the earliest age of 13 weeks. In conclusion, 21% CP in an isocaloric diet of 2800 kcal ME/kg, in Aseel chickens, would be optimum to improve the growth performance at maximum in terms of BWG and FE up to 16 weeks of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kumaravel
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS), Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - B Mohan
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS), Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Natarajan
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS), Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Murali
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS), Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Selvaraj
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS), Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Vasanthakumar
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS), Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
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Sclater K, Natarajan A, Thi L, Chakraborty K. A heart full of cancer: a case of malignant tamponade. Am J Med Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9629(23)00245-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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3
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Natarajan A, Kim D, Nisar U, Chakraborty K. Neo-adjuvant exorcism: successful treatment of occult primary breast cancer. Am J Med Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9629(23)00246-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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4
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Talsania K, Shen TW, Chen X, Jaeger E, Li Z, Chen Z, Chen W, Tran B, Kusko R, Wang L, Pang AWC, Yang Z, Choudhari S, Colgan M, Fang LT, Carroll A, Shetty J, Kriga Y, German O, Smirnova T, Liu T, Li J, Kellman B, Hong K, Hastie AR, Natarajan A, Moshrefi A, Granat A, Truong T, Bombardi R, Mankinen V, Meerzaman D, Mason CE, Collins J, Stahlberg E, Xiao C, Wang C, Xiao W, Zhao Y. Structural variant analysis of a cancer reference cell line sample using multiple sequencing technologies. Genome Biol 2022; 23:255. [PMID: 36514120 PMCID: PMC9746098 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-022-02816-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cancer genome is commonly altered with thousands of structural rearrangements including insertions, deletions, translocation, inversions, duplications, and copy number variations. Thus, structural variant (SV) characterization plays a paramount role in cancer target identification, oncology diagnostics, and personalized medicine. As part of the SEQC2 Consortium effort, the present study established and evaluated a consensus SV call set using a breast cancer reference cell line and matched normal control derived from the same donor, which were used in our companion benchmarking studies as reference samples. RESULTS We systematically investigated somatic SVs in the reference cancer cell line by comparing to a matched normal cell line using multiple NGS platforms including Illumina short-read, 10X Genomics linked reads, PacBio long reads, Oxford Nanopore long reads, and high-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C). We established a consensus SV call set of a total of 1788 SVs including 717 deletions, 230 duplications, 551 insertions, 133 inversions, 146 translocations, and 11 breakends for the reference cancer cell line. To independently evaluate and cross-validate the accuracy of our consensus SV call set, we used orthogonal methods including PCR-based validation, Affymetrix arrays, Bionano optical mapping, and identification of fusion genes detected from RNA-seq. We evaluated the strengths and weaknesses of each NGS technology for SV determination, and our findings provide an actionable guide to improve cancer genome SV detection sensitivity and accuracy. CONCLUSIONS A high-confidence consensus SV call set was established for the reference cancer cell line. A large subset of the variants identified was validated by multiple orthogonal methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyur Talsania
- grid.418021.e0000 0004 0535 8394Sequencing Facility Bioinformatics Group, Advanced Biomedical and Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD USA ,grid.418021.e0000 0004 0535 8394Bioinformatics and Computational Science Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD USA
| | - Tsai-wei Shen
- grid.418021.e0000 0004 0535 8394Sequencing Facility Bioinformatics Group, Advanced Biomedical and Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD USA ,grid.418021.e0000 0004 0535 8394Bioinformatics and Computational Science Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD USA
| | - Xiongfong Chen
- grid.418021.e0000 0004 0535 8394Sequencing Facility Bioinformatics Group, Advanced Biomedical and Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD USA ,grid.418021.e0000 0004 0535 8394Bioinformatics and Computational Science Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD USA
| | - Erich Jaeger
- grid.185669.50000 0004 0507 3954Illumina Inc, Foster City, CA USA
| | - Zhipan Li
- grid.511732.3Sentieon Inc, Mountain View, CA USA
| | - Zhong Chen
- grid.43582.380000 0000 9852 649XCenter for Genomics, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA USA
| | - Wanqiu Chen
- grid.43582.380000 0000 9852 649XCenter for Genomics, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA USA
| | - Bao Tran
- grid.418021.e0000 0004 0535 8394Sequencing Facility, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD USA
| | | | - Limin Wang
- grid.48336.3a0000 0004 1936 8075Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD USA
| | | | - Zhaowei Yang
- grid.470124.4Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Sulbha Choudhari
- grid.418021.e0000 0004 0535 8394Sequencing Facility Bioinformatics Group, Advanced Biomedical and Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD USA ,grid.418021.e0000 0004 0535 8394Bioinformatics and Computational Science Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD USA
| | - Michael Colgan
- grid.483500.a0000 0001 2154 2448Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, FDA, Silver Spring, MD USA
| | - Li Tai Fang
- grid.418158.10000 0004 0534 4718Bioinformatics Research & Early Development, Roche Sequencing Solutions Inc, 1301 Shoreway Road, Belmont, CA 94002 USA
| | - Andrew Carroll
- grid.511991.40000 0004 4910 5831DNAnexus, Mountain View, CA USA
| | - Jyoti Shetty
- grid.418021.e0000 0004 0535 8394Sequencing Facility, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD USA
| | - Yuliya Kriga
- grid.418021.e0000 0004 0535 8394Sequencing Facility, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD USA
| | - Oksana German
- grid.418021.e0000 0004 0535 8394Sequencing Facility, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD USA
| | - Tatyana Smirnova
- grid.418021.e0000 0004 0535 8394Sequencing Facility, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD USA
| | - Tiantain Liu
- grid.43582.380000 0000 9852 649XCenter for Genomics, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA USA
| | - Jing Li
- grid.470124.4Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Ben Kellman
- grid.470262.50000 0004 0473 1353Bionano Genomics, San Diego, CA92121 USA
| | - Karl Hong
- grid.470262.50000 0004 0473 1353Bionano Genomics, San Diego, CA92121 USA
| | - Alex R. Hastie
- grid.470262.50000 0004 0473 1353Bionano Genomics, San Diego, CA92121 USA
| | - Aparna Natarajan
- grid.185669.50000 0004 0507 3954Illumina Inc, Foster City, CA USA
| | - Ali Moshrefi
- grid.185669.50000 0004 0507 3954Illumina Inc, Foster City, CA USA
| | | | - Tiffany Truong
- grid.185669.50000 0004 0507 3954Illumina Inc, Foster City, CA USA
| | - Robin Bombardi
- grid.185669.50000 0004 0507 3954Illumina Inc, Foster City, CA USA
| | | | - Daoud Meerzaman
- grid.48336.3a0000 0004 1936 8075Computational Genomics and Bioinformatics Branch, Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology (CBIIT), National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD USA
| | - Christopher E. Mason
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XDepartment of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Jack Collins
- grid.418021.e0000 0004 0535 8394Sequencing Facility Bioinformatics Group, Advanced Biomedical and Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD USA ,grid.418021.e0000 0004 0535 8394Bioinformatics and Computational Science Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD USA
| | - Eric Stahlberg
- grid.418021.e0000 0004 0535 8394Bioinformatics and Computational Science Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD USA
| | - Chunlin Xiao
- grid.419234.90000 0004 0604 5429National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Charles Wang
- grid.43582.380000 0000 9852 649XCenter for Genomics, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA USA
| | - Wenming Xiao
- grid.483500.a0000 0001 2154 2448Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, FDA, Silver Spring, MD USA
| | - Yongmei Zhao
- grid.418021.e0000 0004 0535 8394Sequencing Facility Bioinformatics Group, Advanced Biomedical and Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD USA ,grid.418021.e0000 0004 0535 8394Bioinformatics and Computational Science Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD USA
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Mansfield A, Reddy Mallareddy J, Yang L, Lin WH, Feathers R, Ayers-Ringler J, Tolosa E, Kizhake S, Kubica S, Boghean L, Alvarez S, Naldrett M, Singh S, Rana S, Zahid M, Smadbeck J, Johnson S, Harris F, Sotiriou S, Karagouga G, McCune A, Schaefer-Klein J, Quiñones-Hinojosa A, Roden A, Kosari F, Cheville J, Vasmatzis G, Anastasiadis P, Borad M, Natarajan A. P2.14-03 Restored Ubiquitination and Degradation of Exon 14 Skipped MET with Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras. J Thorac Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.07.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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6
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Gopinath P, Natarajan A, Sathyanarayanan A, Veluswami S, Gopisetty G. The multifaceted role of Matricellular Proteins in health and cancer, as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Gene 2022; 815:146137. [PMID: 35007686 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.146137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is composed of a mesh of proteins, proteoglycans, growth factors, and other secretory components. It constitutes the tumor microenvironment along with the endothelial cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, adipocytes, and immune cells. The proteins of ECM can be functionally classified as adhesive proteins and matricellular proteins (MCP). In the tumor milieu, the ECM plays a major role in tumorigenesis and therapeutic resistance. The current review encompasses thrombospondins, osteonectin, osteopontin, tenascin C, periostin, the CCN family, laminin, biglycan, decorin, mimecan, and galectins. The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are also discussed as they are an integral part of the ECM with versatile functions in the tumor stroma. In this review, the role of these proteins in tumor initiation, growth, invasion and metastasis have been highlighted, with emphasis on their contribution to tumor therapeutic resistance. Further, their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets based on existing evidence are discussed. Owing to the recent advancements in protein targeting, the possibility of agents to modulate MCPs in cancer as therapeutic options are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prarthana Gopinath
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute WIA, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Aparna Natarajan
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute WIA, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Sridevi Veluswami
- Deaprtment of Surgical Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gopal Gopisetty
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute WIA, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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7
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Prabakarakrishnan R, Praveen S, Natarajan A, Kandasamy S, Geetha K, Elfasakhany A, Pugazhendhi A. Computational and experimental studies of Metallo organic framework on human epidermal cell line and anticancer potential. Environ Res 2021; 201:111520. [PMID: 34153332 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The pentadentate ligand and the precursors were combined to form complexes by green approach. The ligand formation was confirmed by UV-Vis, FT-IR, 1H-NMR, and LC-MS. The optimised stable structure was obtained by molecular simulation studies and the complexes were interpreted by conductivity measurements, UV-Vis, FT-IR, magnetic susceptibility, VSM, and ESR spectral studies. The redox nature of the complexes was investigated by cyclic voltammetry. The cyclic voltammogram shows complexes exhibited single electron transfer from Cu+2/Cu+1. Complexes and penta-dentate ligand were screened for in vitro cytotoxicity by MTT assay method on A431 skin cancer cell line. The ligand structural stability and biological activity were confirmed by theoretical computational studies. The magnetic behaviour showed antiferromagnetic properties at low temperature. The complexes were used as high bar magnets. Similarly, the redox behaviour showed that the complexes could be used in electroplating techniques and sensors. Clinical application revealed that the complexes had effective cytotoxicity. From the data obtained, the complexes were in the form [MLR], where L was the penta-dentate ligand and R = [C6H5COO] & R = [C6H4COO (OH)].
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Affiliation(s)
- R Prabakarakrishnan
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Chandrasekharendra Saraswathi Viswa Mahavidyalaya, Enathur, Kanchipuram, 631 561, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Praveen
- PG and Research Department of Chemistry, Muthurangam Govt. Arts College, Otteri, Vellore, 632 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Natarajan
- Department of Biochemistry, Lakshmi Bangaru Arts and Science College, Melmaruvathur, 603 319, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - K Geetha
- PG and Research Department of Chemistry, Muthurangam Govt. Arts College, Otteri, Vellore, 632 002, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Ashraf Elfasakhany
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- School of Renewable Energy, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand; College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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8
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Xiao W, Ren L, Chen Z, Fang LT, Zhao Y, Lack J, Guan M, Zhu B, Jaeger E, Kerrigan L, Blomquist TM, Hung T, Sultan M, Idler K, Lu C, Scherer A, Kusko R, Moos M, Xiao C, Sherry ST, Abaan OD, Chen W, Chen X, Nordlund J, Liljedahl U, Maestro R, Polano M, Drabek J, Vojta P, Kõks S, Reimann E, Madala BS, Mercer T, Miller C, Jacob H, Truong T, Moshrefi A, Natarajan A, Granat A, Schroth GP, Kalamegham R, Peters E, Petitjean V, Walton A, Shen TW, Talsania K, Vera CJ, Langenbach K, de Mars M, Hipp JA, Willey JC, Wang J, Shetty J, Kriga Y, Raziuddin A, Tran B, Zheng Y, Yu Y, Cam M, Jailwala P, Nguyen C, Meerzaman D, Chen Q, Yan C, Ernest B, Mehra U, Jensen RV, Jones W, Li JL, Papas BN, Pirooznia M, Chen YC, Seifuddin F, Li Z, Liu X, Resch W, Wang J, Wu L, Yavas G, Miles C, Ning B, Tong W, Mason CE, Donaldson E, Lababidi S, Staudt LM, Tezak Z, Hong H, Wang C, Shi L. Toward best practice in cancer mutation detection with whole-genome and whole-exome sequencing. Nat Biotechnol 2021; 39:1141-1150. [PMID: 34504346 PMCID: PMC8506910 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-021-00994-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Clinical applications of precision oncology require accurate tests that can distinguish true cancer-specific mutations from errors introduced at each step of next-generation sequencing (NGS). To date, no bulk sequencing study has addressed the effects of cross-site reproducibility, nor the biological, technical and computational factors that influence variant identification. Here we report a systematic interrogation of somatic mutations in paired tumor-normal cell lines to identify factors affecting detection reproducibility and accuracy at six different centers. Using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and whole-exome sequencing (WES), we evaluated the reproducibility of different sample types with varying input amount and tumor purity, and multiple library construction protocols, followed by processing with nine bioinformatics pipelines. We found that read coverage and callers affected both WGS and WES reproducibility, but WES performance was influenced by insert fragment size, genomic copy content and the global imbalance score (GIV; G > T/C > A). Finally, taking into account library preparation protocol, tumor content, read coverage and bioinformatics processes concomitantly, we recommend actionable practices to improve the reproducibility and accuracy of NGS experiments for cancer mutation detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenming Xiao
- The Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
| | - Luyao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences and Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Center for Genomics, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Li Tai Fang
- Bioinformatics Research & Early Development, Roche Sequencing Solutions Inc., Belmont, CA, USA
| | - Yongmei Zhao
- Advanced Biomedical and Computational Sciences, Biomedical Informatics and Data Science Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Justin Lack
- Advanced Biomedical and Computational Sciences, Biomedical Informatics and Data Science Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | - Bin Zhu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Thomas M Blomquist
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH, USA
| | | | - Marc Sultan
- Biomarker Development, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kenneth Idler
- Computational Genomics, Genomics Research Center, AbbVie, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Charles Lu
- Computational Genomics, Genomics Research Center, AbbVie, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andreas Scherer
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- European Infrastructure for Translational Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Malcolm Moos
- The Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Chunlin Xiao
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen T Sherry
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ogan D Abaan
- Illumina Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
- Seven Bridges Genomics Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Wanqiu Chen
- Center for Genomics, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Center for Genomics, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Nordlund
- European Infrastructure for Translational Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Liljedahl
- European Infrastructure for Translational Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Unit of Oncogenetics and Functional Oncogenomics, Aviano, Italy
| | - Roberta Maestro
- European Infrastructure for Translational Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Unit of Oncogenetics and Functional Oncogenomics, Aviano, Italy
| | - Maurizio Polano
- European Infrastructure for Translational Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Unit of Oncogenetics and Functional Oncogenomics, Aviano, Italy
| | - Jiri Drabek
- European Infrastructure for Translational Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- IMTM, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Vojta
- European Infrastructure for Translational Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- IMTM, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Sulev Kõks
- European Infrastructure for Translational Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ene Reimann
- European Infrastructure for Translational Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Bindu Swapna Madala
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Timothy Mercer
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chris Miller
- Computational Genomics, Genomics Research Center, AbbVie, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Howard Jacob
- Computational Genomics, Genomics Research Center, AbbVie, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Virginie Petitjean
- Biomarker Development, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ashley Walton
- Advanced Biomedical and Computational Sciences, Biomedical Informatics and Data Science Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Tsai-Wei Shen
- Advanced Biomedical and Computational Sciences, Biomedical Informatics and Data Science Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Keyur Talsania
- Advanced Biomedical and Computational Sciences, Biomedical Informatics and Data Science Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Cristobal Juan Vera
- Advanced Biomedical and Computational Sciences, Biomedical Informatics and Data Science Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Jennifer A Hipp
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - James C Willey
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China
| | - Jyoti Shetty
- Sequencing Facility, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Yuliya Kriga
- Sequencing Facility, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Arati Raziuddin
- Sequencing Facility, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Bao Tran
- Sequencing Facility, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Yuanting Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences and Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences and Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Margaret Cam
- CCR Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, Office of Science and Technology Resources, Center for Cancer Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Parthav Jailwala
- CCR Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, Office of Science and Technology Resources, Center for Cancer Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cu Nguyen
- Computational Genomics and Bioinformatics Branch, Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Daoud Meerzaman
- Computational Genomics and Bioinformatics Branch, Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Qingrong Chen
- Computational Genomics and Bioinformatics Branch, Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Chunhua Yan
- Computational Genomics and Bioinformatics Branch, Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Roderick V Jensen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | | | - Jian-Liang Li
- Integrative Bioinformatics, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Brian N Papas
- Integrative Bioinformatics, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Mehdi Pirooznia
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Core, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yun-Ching Chen
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Core, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Fayaz Seifuddin
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Core, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zhipan Li
- Sentieon Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Xuelu Liu
- Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wolfgang Resch
- Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Leihong Wu
- National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Gokhan Yavas
- National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Corey Miles
- National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Baitang Ning
- National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Weida Tong
- National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Christopher E Mason
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric Donaldson
- The Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Samir Lababidi
- Office of the Chief Scientist, Office of the Commissioner, US Food and Drug Information, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Louis M Staudt
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zivana Tezak
- The Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Huixiao Hong
- National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Charles Wang
- Center for Genomics, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
| | - Leming Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences and Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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9
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Natarajan A, Ramachandran B, Gopisetty G, Jayavelu S, Sundersingh S, Rajkumar T. Pioglitazone modulates doxorubicin resistance in a in vivo model of drug resistant osteosarcoma xenograft. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2021; 394:361-371. [PMID: 33015747 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01982-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma has been reported with treatment failure in up to 40% of cases. Our laboratory had identified genes involved in the PPARγ pathway to be associated with doxorubicin (DOX) resistance. We hence used PPARγ agonist pioglitazone (PIO) to modulate DOX resistance. DOX-resistant cell line (143B-DOX) was developed by gradient exposure to DOX. The cytotoxicity to PIO and in combination with DOX was assayed in vitro, followed by HPLC to estimate the metabolites of PIO in the presence of microsomes (HLMs). Gene expression studies revealed the mechanism behind the cytotoxicity of PIO. Further, the effects were evaluated in mice bearing 143B-DOX tumors treated either with PIO (20 mg/kg/p.o or 40 mg/kg/p.o Q1D) alone or in combination with DOX (0.5 mg/kg/i.p Q2W). 143B-DOX was 50-fold resistant over parental cells. While PIO did not show any activity on its own, the addition of HLMs to the cells in culture showed over 80% cell kill within 24 h, possibly due to the metabolites of PIO as determined by HPLC. In combination with DOX, PIO had shown synergistic activity. Additionally, cytotoxicity assay in the presence of HLMs revealed that PIO on its own showed promising activity compared to its metabolites-hydroxy pioglitazone and keto pioglitazone. In vivo studies demonstrated that treatment with 40 mg/kg/p.o PIO alone showed significant activity, followed by a combination with DOX. Gene expression studies revealed that PIO could modulate drug resistance by downregulating MDR1 and IL8. Our study suggests that PIO can modulate DOX resistance in osteosarcoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Natarajan
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Balaji Ramachandran
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Gopal Gopisetty
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Subramani Jayavelu
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, 600036, India
| | | | - Thangarajan Rajkumar
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, 600036, India.
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10
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Sathyanarayanan A, Natarajan A, Paramasivam OR, Gopinath P, Gopal G. Comprehensive analysis of genomic alterations, clinical outcomes, putative functions and potential therapeutic value of MMP11 in human breast cancer. Gene Reports 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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11
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Abstract
Financial constraints faced by the families play a vital role in cancer treatment refusal, non-adherence, and failure of the prescribed therapy. This review aims to give an insight into the economic perspective of cancer treatment in India, focusing on the accessibility and affordability of oncological drugs, and the move towards generics/biosimilars without compromising on the quality of the treatment. The monthly cost of a set of drugs available in India for the treatment of solid malignancies, approved after 2010 by the US FDA and the Drugs Controller General of India (DCGI) were calculated based on standard patient parameters. The information on the clinical trial, the monthly cost of treatment, and the availability of its equivalent have been compiled. Newer cancer drugs are approved based on surrogate endpoints, with a very modest prolongation of life, but the cost incurred can be unbearable. There is a considerable variation in costs between the innovator and the equivalent drugs, making the latter cost-effective. We have highlighted the importance of generics and biosimilars, as a cost-cutting strategy, in delivering state-of-art health care with a lesser chance of treatment abandonment: this will ensure that all patients have equal access to personalized medicine which are reliable, effective, and affordable for better curative, supportive, and palliative care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Natarajan
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Dr S Krishnamurthy Campus, 38 Sardar Patel Road, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Nikita Mehra
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Dr S Krishnamurthy Campus, 38 Sardar Patel Road, Chennai, 600036, India. .,Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Dr S Krishnamurthy Campus, 38 Sardar Patel Road, Chennai, 600036, India.
| | - Thangarajan Rajkumar
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Dr S Krishnamurthy Campus, 38 Sardar Patel Road, Chennai, 600036, India
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12
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Bharathy N, Singh D, Sivakumar K, Natarajan A, Vasanthakumar P, Murali N. Effect of different levels of concentrate feed supplementation on post-weaning growth, carcass traits and economics in salem black Kids. ANIM NUTR FEED TECHN 2020. [DOI: 10.5958/0974-181x.2020.00041.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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13
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Natarajan A, Thangarajan R, Kesavan S. Repurposing Drugs by In Silico Methods to Target BCR Kinase Domain in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:3399-3406. [PMID: 31759365 PMCID: PMC7063026 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.11.3399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeted therapy in the form of highly selective tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has transformed the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, mutations in the kinase domain contribute to drug resistance against TKIs which compromises the treatment response. Our aim is to explore regions outside the BCR-ABL oncoprotein to identify potential therapeutic targets to curb drug resistance by targeting growth factor receptor-bound protein-2 (Grb-2) which binds to BCR-ABL at the phosphorylated tyrosine (Y177) thereby activating the Ras and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. METHODS We have used in silico methods to repurpose drugs for identifying their potential to inhibit the binding of Grb-2 with Y177 by occupying the active binding site of the BCR domain. RESULTS Differentially expressed genes from GEO dataset were found to be associated with hematopoietic cell lineage, NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity, NF-κB and chemokine signaling, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, histidine metabolism and transcriptional misregulation in cancer. The fold recognition method of SPARKS-X tool was used to model the BCR domain (Z-score = 8.21). Connectivity Map generated a drug list based on the gene expression profile, which were docked with BCR. Schrodinger XP glide docking identified Diphosphopyridine nucleotide, Hesperidin, Butirosin, Ovoflavin, and Nor-dihydroguaiaretic acid to show strong interaction in close proximity to the active binding pocket containing Y177 of the target protein and was further validated using iGEMDOCK and Parallelized Open Babel and AutoDock suite Pipeline (POAP). CONCLUSION Our study not only extends our current knowledge about repurposing drugs for newer indications but also provides a route towards combinatorial therapy with standard drugs used for CML treatment. However, the efficacy of these repurposed drugs needs to be further investigated using in vitro and in vivo studies.<br />.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Natarajan
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Adyar, Chennai, India
| | | | - Sabitha Kesavan
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Adyar, Chennai, India
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14
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Saravanan K, Kumar H, Chhotaray S, Preethi AL, Talokar AJ, Natarajan A, Parida S, Bhushan B, Panigrahi M. Drosophila melanogaster: a promising model system for epigenetic research. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2019.1685216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K.A. Saravanan
- Division of Animal Genetics and Breeding, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Harshit Kumar
- Division of Animal Genetics and Breeding, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Supriya Chhotaray
- Division of Animal Genetics and Breeding, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - A. Latha Preethi
- Division of Animal Genetics and Breeding, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Amol J. Talokar
- Division of Animal Genetics and Breeding, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - A. Natarajan
- Division of Animal Nutrition, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Subhashree Parida
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Bharat Bhushan
- Division of Animal Genetics and Breeding, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Manjit Panigrahi
- Division of Animal Genetics and Breeding, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
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15
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Martinez-Viaud KA, Lawley CT, Vergara MM, Ben-Zvi G, Biniashvili T, Baruch K, St. Leger J, Le J, Natarajan A, Rivera M, Guillergan M, Jaeger E, Steffy B, Zimin A. New de novo assembly of the Atlantic bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) improves genome completeness and provides haplotype phasing. Gigascience 2019; 8:giy168. [PMID: 30698692 PMCID: PMC6443575 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giy168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High-quality genomes are essential to resolve challenges in breeding, comparative biology, medicine, and conservation planning. New library preparation techniques along with better assembly algorithms result in continued improvements in assemblies for non-model organisms, moving them toward reference-quality genomes. We report on the latest genome assembly of the Atlantic bottlenose dolphin, leveraging Illumina sequencing data coupled with a combination of several library preparation techniques. These include Linked-Reads (Chromium, 10x Genomics), mate pairs (MP), long insert paired ends, and standard paired end. Data were assembled with the commercial DeNovoMAGIC assembly software, resulting in two assemblies, a traditional "haploid" assembly (Tur_tru_Illumina_hap_v1) that is a mosaic of the two parental haplotypes and a phased assembly (Tur_tru_Illumina_phased_v1) where each scaffold has sequence from a single homologous chromosome. We show that Tur_tru_Illumina_hap_v1 is more complete and more accurate compared to the current best reference based on the amount and composition of sequence, the consistency of the MP alignments to the assembled scaffolds, and on the analysis of conserved single-copy mammalian orthologs. The phased de novo assembly Tur_tru_Illumina_phased_v1 is the first publicly available for this species and provides the community with novel and accurate ways to explore the heterozygous nature of the dolphin genome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cindy Taylor Lawley
- GinkgoFish LLC, 204 West Spear St, Carson City, NV 89703
- Ocean Discovery Institute, 4255 Thorn St., San Diego, CA 92105 USA
| | | | - Gil Ben-Zvi
- NRGene, 5 Golda Meir St., Ness-Ziona 7403649, Israel
| | | | - Kobi Baruch
- NRGene, 5 Golda Meir St., Ness-Ziona 7403649, Israel
| | - Judy St. Leger
- SeaWorld San Diego, 500 Sea World Dr., San Diego, CA 92109, USA
| | - Jennie Le
- Illumina, Inc., 5200 Illumina Way, San Diego, CA 92122, USA
| | | | - Marlem Rivera
- Illumina, Inc., 5200 Illumina Way, San Diego, CA 92122, USA
- Ocean Discovery Institute, 4255 Thorn St., San Diego, CA 92105 USA
| | | | - Erich Jaeger
- Illumina, Inc., 5200 Illumina Way, San Diego, CA 92122, USA
| | - Brian Steffy
- Illumina, Inc., 5200 Illumina Way, San Diego, CA 92122, USA
| | - Aleksey Zimin
- Johns Hopkins University, Welch Library of Medicine, Ste 105, 1900 E. Monument St., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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16
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Natarajan A, Kumarasamy S. Efficient Segmentation of Brain Tumor Using FL-SNM with a Metaheuristic Approach to Optimization. J Med Syst 2019; 43:25. [PMID: 30604101 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-018-1135-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, automatic tumor detection from brain images is extremely significant for many diagnostic as well as therapeutic purposes, due to the unpredictable shape and appearance of tumors. In medical image analysis, the automatic segmentation of tumors from brain using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data is the most critical issue. Existing research has some limitations, such as high processing time and lower accuracy, because of the time required for the training process. In this research, a new automatic segmentation process is introduced using machine learning and a swarm intelligence scheme. Here, a fuzzy logic with spiking neuron model (FL-SNM) is proposed for segmenting the brain tumor region in MR images. Initially, input images are preprocessed to remove Gaussian and Poisson noise using a modified Kuan filter (MKF). In the MKF, the optimal selection of the minimum MSE of image pixels is achieved using a random search algorithm (RSA), which improves the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR). Then, the image is smoothed using an anisotropic diffusion filter (ADF) to reduce the over-filtering problem. Afterwards, to extract statistical texture features, Fisher's linear-discriminant analysis (FLDA) is used. Finally, extracted features are transferred to the FL-SNM process and this scheme effectively segments the tumor region. In FL-SNM, the consequent parameters such as weight and bias play an important role in segmenting the region. Therefore, optimizing the weight parameter values using a chicken behavior-based swarm intelligence (CSI) algorithm, is proposed. The proposed (FL-SNM) scheme attained better performance in terms of high accuracy (94.87%), sensitivity (92.07%), specificity (99.34%), precision rate (89.36%), recall rate (88.39%), F-measure (95.06%), G-mean (95.63%), and DSC rate (91.2%), compared to existing convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and hierarchical self-organizing maps (HSOMs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Natarajan
- Department of EEE, SRS College of Engineering and Technology, Salem, India.
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17
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Bhattacharya D, Svechkarev D, Souchek JJ, Hill TK, Taylor MA, Natarajan A, Mohs AM. Impact of structurally modifying hyaluronic acid on CD44 interaction. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:8183-8192. [PMID: 29354263 PMCID: PMC5773055 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb01895a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
CD44 is a widely-distributed type I transmembrane glycoprotein that binds hyaluronic acid (HA) in most cell types, including primary tumor cells and cancer-initiating cells and has roles in cell migration, cell-cell, and cell-matrix adhesion. HA-derived conjugates and nanoparticles that target the CD44 receptor on cells have been reported for targeted delivery of therapeutics and imaging agents. Altering crucial interactions of HA with CD44 active sites holds significant importance in modulating targeting ability of hyaluronic acid to other cancer types that do not express the CD44 receptor or minimizing the interaction with CD44+ cells that are not target cells. The approach adopted here was deacetylation of the N-acetyl group and selective sulfation on the C6-OH on the HA polymer, which form critical interactions with the CD44 active site. Major interactions identified by molecular modeling were confirmed to be hydrogen bonding of the C6-OH with Tyr109 and hydrophobic interaction of the N-acetyl group with Tyr46, 83 and Ile 92. Modified HA was synthesized and characterized and its interactions were assessed by in vitro and molecular modeling approaches. In vitro techniques included flow cytometry and fluorescence polarization, while in silico approaches included docking and binding calculations by a MM-PBSA approach. These studies indicated that while both deacetylation and sulfation of HA individually decrease CD44 interaction, both chemical modifications are required to minimize interaction with CD44+ cells. The results of this study represent the first step to effective retargeting of HA-derived NPs for imaging and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6858, USA
| | - D. Svechkarev
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6858, USA
| | - J. J. Souchek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6858, USA
| | - T. K. Hill
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6858, USA
| | - M. A. Taylor
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6858, USA
| | - A. Natarajan
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6858, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6858, USA
| | - A. M. Mohs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6858, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6858, USA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6858, USA
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- D. V. Gopinath
- Reactor Research Centre, Safety Research Laboratory Kalpakkam, India
| | - A. Natarajan
- Reactor Research Centre, Safety Research Laboratory Kalpakkam, India
| | - V. Sundararaman
- Reactor Research Centre, Safety Research Laboratory Kalpakkam, India
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- K. V. Subbaiah
- Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Safety Research Laboratory, Kalpakkam, Tamilnadu-603 102 India
| | - A. Natarajan
- Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Safety Research Laboratory, Kalpakkam, Tamilnadu-603 102 India
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20
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Subbaiah KV, Natarajan A, Gopinath DV, Takeuchi K. Mitigation of Singularity Problems in Gamma-Ray Transport in Spherical Systems. NUCL SCI ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nse91-a23862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. V. Subbaiah
- Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Safety Research and Health Physics Program Kalpakkam-603102, Tamilnadu, India
| | - A. Natarajan
- Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Safety Research and Health Physics Program Kalpakkam-603102, Tamilnadu, India
| | - D. V. Gopinath
- Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Safety Research and Health Physics Program Kalpakkam-603102, Tamilnadu, India
| | - K. Takeuchi
- Ship Research Institute, Tokai-mura, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Natarajan
- Reactor Research Centre, Safety Research Laboratory, Kalpakkam-603102, India
| | - K. V. Subbaiah
- Reactor Research Centre, Safety Research Laboratory, Kalpakkam-603102, India
| | - D. V. Gopinath
- Reactor Research Centre, Safety Research Laboratory, Kalpakkam-603102, India
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- K. V. Subbaiah
- Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Safety Research Laboratory Kalpakkam, Tamilnadu-603 102, India
| | - A. Natarajan
- Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Safety Research Laboratory Kalpakkam, Tamilnadu-603 102, India
| | - D. V. Gopinath
- Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Safety Research Laboratory Kalpakkam, Tamilnadu-603 102, India
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23
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Subbaiah KV, Natarajan A, Gopinath DV, Trubey DK. Effect of Fluorescence, Bremsstrahlung, and Annihilation Radiation on the Spectra and Energy Deposition of Gamma Rays in Bulk Media. NUCL SCI ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nse82-a20084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. V. Subbaiah
- Reactor Research Centre, Safety Research Laboratory, Kalpakkam, India
| | - A. Natarajan
- Reactor Research Centre, Safety Research Laboratory, Kalpakkam, India
| | - D. V. Gopinath
- Reactor Research Centre, Safety Research Laboratory, Kalpakkam, India
| | - D. K. Trubey
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Radiation Shielding Information Center P.O. Box X, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830
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24
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Kandasamy K, Konakalla M, Sam R, Sebastian J, Natarajan A, Rajagopal SS, Ramanathan S. A Pilot Study on the Impact of Pharmacist Intervention in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Counselling Program in a Rural Community. Indian J Pharm Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.4172/pharmaceutical-sciences.1000282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- P. P. Sinha
- Materials and Metallurgy Group; Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre; Trivandrum India
| | - D. Sivakumar
- Materials and Metallurgy Group; Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre; Trivandrum India
| | - N. S. Babu
- Materials and Metallurgy Group; Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre; Trivandrum India
| | - K. T. Tharian
- Materials and Metallurgy Group; Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre; Trivandrum India
| | - A. Natarajan
- Materials and Metallurgy Group; Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre; Trivandrum India
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26
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Hein AL, Post CM, Sheinin YM, Lakshmanan I, Natarajan A, Enke CA, Batra SK, Ouellette MM, Yan Y. RAC1 GTPase promotes the survival of breast cancer cells in response to hyper-fractionated radiation treatment. Oncogene 2016; 35:6319-6329. [PMID: 27181206 PMCID: PMC5112160 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Radiation therapy is a staple approach for cancer treatment, whereas radioresistance of cancer cells remains a substantial clinical problem. In response to ionizing radiation (IR) induced DNA-damage, cancer cells can sustain/activate pro-survival signaling pathways, leading to apoptotic resistance and induction of cell cycle checkpoint/DNA repair. Previous studies show that Rac1 GTPase is overexpressed/hyperactivated in breast cancer cells and is associated with poor prognosis. Studies from our laboratory reveal that Rac1 activity is necessary for G2/M checkpoint activation and cell survival in response to IR exposure of breast and pancreatic cancer cells. In the present study, we investigated the effect of Rac1 on the survival of breast cancer cells treated with hyper-fractionated radiation (HFR), which is used clinically for cancer treatment. Results in this report indicate that Rac1 protein expression is increased in the breast cancer cells that survived HFR compared to parental cells. Furthermore, this increase of Rac1 is associated with enhanced activities of ERK1/2 and NF-κB signaling pathways and increased levels of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-xL and Mcl-1, which are downstream targets of ERK1/2 and NF-κB signaling pathways. Using Rac1 specific inhibitor and dominant negative mutant N17Rac1, here we demonstrate that Rac1 inhibition decreases the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and IκBα, as well as the levels of Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 protein in the HFR-selected breast cancer cells. Moreover, inhibition of Rac1 using either small molecule inhibitor or dominant negative N17Rac1 abrogates clonogenic survival of HFR-selected breast cancer cells and decreases the level of intact PARP, which is indicative of apoptosis induction. Collectively, results in this report suggest that Rac1 signaling is essential for the survival of breast cancer cells subjected to HFR and implicate Rac1 in radioresistance of breast cancer cells. These studies also provide the basis to explore Rac1 as a therapeutic target for radioresistant breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Hein
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - C M Post
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Y M Sheinin
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - I Lakshmanan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - A Natarajan
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - C A Enke
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - S K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - M M Ouellette
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Y Yan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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Burke TF, Ahn R, Nelson BD, Hines R, Kamara J, Oguttu M, Dulo L, Achieng E, Achieng B, Natarajan A, Maua J, Kargbo S, Altawil Z, Tester K, de Redon E, Niang M, Abdalla K, Eckardt MJ. A postpartum haemorrhage package with condom uterine balloon tamponade: a prospective multi-centre case series in Kenya, Sierra Leone, Senegal, and Nepal. BJOG 2015. [PMID: 26223284 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.13550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of an ultra-low-cost uterine balloon tamponade package (ESM-UBT™) for facility-based management of uncontrolled postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) in Kenya, Sierra Leone, Senegal, and Nepal. DESIGN Prospective multi-centre case series. SETTING Facilities in resource-scarce areas of Kenya, Sierra Leone, Nepal, and Senegal. POPULATION Women with uncontrolled postpartum haemorrhage in 307 facilities across the four countries. METHODS A standardised ESM-UBT package was implemented in 307 facilities over 29 months (1 September 2012 to 1 February 2015). Data were collected via a multi-pronged approach including data card completion, chart reviews, and provider interviews. Beginning in August 2014, women who had previously undergone UBT placement were sought and queried regarding potential complications associated with UBT use. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES All-cause survival, survival from PPH, and post-UBT use complications (surgery, hospitalisation, antibiotics for pelvic infection) associated with UBT use. RESULTS 201 UBTs were placed for uncontrolled vaginal haemorrhage refractory to all other interventions. In all, 38% (71/188) of women were either unconscious or confused at the time of UBT insertion. All-cause survival was 95% (190/201). However, 98% (160/163) of women survived uncontrolled PPH if delivery occurred at an ESM-UBT online facility. One (1/151) potential UBT-associated complication (postpartum endometritis) was identified and two improvised UBTs were placed in women with a ruptured uterus. CONCLUSIONS These pilot data suggest that the ESM-UBT package is a clinically promising and safe method to arrest uncontrolled postpartum haemorrhage and save women's lives. The UBT was successfully placed by all levels of facility-based providers. Future studies are needed to further evaluate the effectiveness of ESM-UBT in low-resource settings. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT Evidence for ESM-UBT as a clinically promising and safe method to arrest uncontrolled PPH and save women's lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- T F Burke
- Division of Global Health and Human Rights, Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R Ahn
- Division of Global Health and Human Rights, Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - B D Nelson
- Division of Global Health and Human Rights, Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R Hines
- Division of Global Health and Human Rights, Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Kamara
- Division of Global Health and Human Rights, Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Oguttu
- Kisumu Medical and Education Trust, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - L Dulo
- Kisumu Medical and Education Trust, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - E Achieng
- Kisumu Medical and Education Trust, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - B Achieng
- Kisumu Medical and Education Trust, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - A Natarajan
- Division of Global Health and Human Rights, Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Maua
- Division of Reproductive and Maternal Health, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Sas Kargbo
- Division of Reproductive Health, Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Z Altawil
- Division of Global Health and Human Rights, Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K Tester
- Division of Global Health and Human Rights, Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E de Redon
- Division of Global Health and Human Rights, Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Niang
- Centre de Formation et de Recherche en Santé de la Reproduction, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | - M J Eckardt
- Division of Global Health and Human Rights, Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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Natarajan A, Chavez J, Ahn R, Nelson B, Eckardt M, Burke T. Uterine balloon tamponade as a second line treatment for uncontrolled
postpartum hemorrhage: A qualitative study exploring lower level provider
perceptions of effectiveness, feasibility, and acceptability in lower level
health facilities in Kenya. Ann Glob Health 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aogh.2015.02.686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Switzer ER, Masui KW, Bandura K, Calin LM, Chang TC, Chen XL, Li YC, Liao YW, Natarajan A, Pen UL, Peterson JB, Shaw JR, Voytek TC. Determination of z ∼ 0.8 neutral hydrogen fluctuations using the 21 cm intensity mapping autocorrelation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/mnrasl/slt074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Natarajan A, Shah P, Mirrakhimov AE, Hussain N. Eosinophilic pneumonia associated with concomitant cigarette and marijuana smoking. BMJ Case Rep 2013; 2013:bcr-2013-009001. [PMID: 23645642 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2013-009001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A 29-year-old Caucasian man presented for the evaluation of a new onset of shortness of breath associated with cough and wheeze for 1 day. The history was significant for a recent travel of 20 h duration to Houston, a new onset of cigarette smoking for 2 weeks and marijuana smoking. The patient was afebrile and did not have any leg swelling; initial diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia was made and the patient was started on antibiotics. Despite being on antibiotics, his medical condition continued to deteriorate and extensive diagnostic workup for infectious and autoimmune aetiology including bronchoalveolar lavage was completed and was inconclusive. Ultimately, the patient underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic lung biopsy which led to the diagnosis of acute eosinophilic pneumonia. Steroids were started with a good treatment response. The patient was discharged on a tapering dose of steroids; a follow-up chest x ray at 6 weeks was within normal limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Natarajan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Joseph Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- A Natarajan
- The Department of Cardiology, Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon, Essex, UK.
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Natarajan A, Mehta D. P03.06. Mind body interventions in medical education: a review of the literature. BMC Complement Altern Med 2012. [PMCID: PMC3373673 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-s1-p259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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Natarajan A, Taggu W, Phen P, Kelly PA. ST-elevation myocardial infarction caused by thromboembolism from the left atrial appendage. QJM 2012; 105:587-8. [PMID: 21543450 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcr066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Natarajan
- Department of Cardiology, Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon and Thurrock University Hospital NHS FT, Nethermayne, Basildon, Essex, SS16 5NP, UK.
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Bloomgren G, Richman S, Hotermans C, Subramanyam M, Natarajan A, Lee S, Plavina T, Scanlon J, Sandrock A, Bozic C. Updated Incidence of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in Natalizumab-Treated Multiple Sclerosis Patients Stratified by Established Risk Factors (S41.001). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.s41.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Cree B, De Seze J, Fox R, Gold R, Hartung H, Jeffery D, Kappos L, Kaufman M, Montalban X, Weinstock-Guttman B, Natarajan A, Subramanyam M, Plavina T, Woodworth J, Duda P. RESTORE Study: Effects of a 24-Week Natalizumab Treatment Interruption on Immune Parameters and Multiple Sclerosis Magnetic Resonance Imaging Disease Activity (P06.168). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p06.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Weinstock-Guttman B, Cree B, De Seze J, Fox R, Gold R, Hartung H, Jeffery D, Kappos L, Kaufman M, Montalban X, Natarajan A, Morse R, Ticho B, Duda P. Effects of a 24-Week Natalizumab Treatment Interruption on Quality of Life, Fatigue, and Cognition: Results from the RESTORE Study (P06.171). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p06.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Bozic C, Richman S, Plavina T, Natarajan A, Scanlon J, Subramanyam M, Sandrock A, Bloomgren G. Anti-JCV Antibody Prevalence in Patients with Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis Receiving or Considering Treatment with Natalizumab: Baseline Results of STRATIFY-2 (S41.002). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.s41.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Martínez-Castelao A, Górriz JL, Portolés JM, De Alvaro F, Cases A, Luño J, Navarro-González JF, Montes R, De la Cruz-Troca JJ, Natarajan A, Batlle D. Baseline characteristics of patients with chronic kidney disease stage 3 and stage 4 in Spain: the MERENA observational cohort study. BMC Nephrol 2011; 12:53. [PMID: 21970625 PMCID: PMC3203029 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2369-12-53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To obtain information on cardiovascular morbidity, hypertension control, anemia and mineral metabolism based on the analysis of the baseline characteristics of a large cohort of Spanish patients enrolled in an ongoing prospective, observational, multicenter study of patients with stages 3 and 4 chronic kidney diseases (CKD). Methods Multicenter study from Spanish government hospital-based Nephrology outpatient clinics involving 1129 patients with CKD stages 3 (n = 434) and 4 (n = 695) defined by GFR calculated by the MDRD formula. Additional analysis was performed with GFR calculated using the CKD-EPI and Cockcroft-Gault formula. Results In the cohort as a whole, median age 70.9 years, morbidity from all cardiovascular disease (CVD) was very high (39.1%). In CKD stage 4, CVD prevalence was higher than in stage 3 (42.2 vs 35.6% p < 0.024). Subdividing stage 3 in 3a and 3b and after adjusting for age, CVD increased with declining GFR with the hierarchy (stage 3a < stage 3b < stage 4) when calculated by CKD-EPI (31.8, 35.4, 42.1%, p 0.039) and Cockcroft-Gault formula (30.9, 35.6, 43.4%, p 0.010) and MDRD formula (32.5, 36.2, 42.2%,) but with the latter, it did not reach statistical significance (p 0.882). Hypertension was almost universal among those with stages 3 and 4 CKD (91.2% and 94.1%, respectively) despite the use of more than 3 anti-hypertensive agents including widespread use of RAS blockers. Proteinuria (> 300 mg/day) was present in more than 60% of patients and there was no significant differences between stages 3 and 4 CKD (1.2 ± 1.8 and 1.3 ± 1.8 g/day, respectively). A majority of the patients had hemoglobin levels greater than 11 g/dL (91.1 and 85.5% in stages 3 and 4 CKD respectively p < 0.001) while the use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA) was limited to 16 and 34.1% in stages 3 and 4 CKD respectively. Intact parathyroid hormone (i-PTH) was elevated in stage 3 and stage 4 CKD patients (121 ± 99 and 166 ± 125 pg/mL p 0.001) despite good control of calcium-phosphorus levels. Conclusion This study provides an overview of key clinical parameters in patients with CKD Stages 3 and 4 where delivery or care was largely by nephrologists working in a network of hospital-based clinics of the Spanish National Healthcare System.
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Natarajan A, Wolfe J, Khokhar AA. A simple intervention. QJM 2011; 104:907. [PMID: 21659386 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcr099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Natarajan A, Marshall SM, Kesteven PJ, McComb JM, Rutter MK. Impact of biomarkers for endothelial dysfunction and procoagulant state on 10-year cardiovascular risk in Type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med 2011; 28:1201-5. [PMID: 21480978 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03311.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To estimate the coronary heart disease and cardiovascular disease risk associated with novel biomarkers in Type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS We measured baseline peripheral blood concentrations of soluble E-selectin, factor XIIa, thrombin-antithrombin III complex and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in 86 patients with Type 2 diabetes free of known coronary heart disease. We used Cox proportional hazard models to estimate multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios associated with biomarker levels for 10-year coronary heart disease risk (n = 33 events) or total cardiovascular disease risk (n = 45 events). RESULTS At baseline, mean (sd) age was 62 years (7 years); 62 were men; and 43 had microalbuminuria. Soluble E-selectin demonstrated cross-sectional relationships with glucose and factor XIIa was related to plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and triglycerides (all P < 0.05). Baseline log soluble E-selectin was significantly related to incident coronary heart disease and cardiovascular disease. Hazard ratios (95% CIs) associated with a 1-unit increase in log soluble E-selectin in age- and sex-adjusted models were: coronary heart disease : 4.6 (95% CI 1.9-11.3), P = 0.001; cardiovascular disease: 3.6 (95% CI 1.7-7.4, P = 0.001); and in multivariable-adjusted models were: coronary heart disease: 2.9 (95% CI 1.2-7.1, P = 0.02); cardiovascular disease: 2.3 (95% CI 1.1-4.8), P = 0.02. Factor XIIa was significantly related to incident cardiovascular disease. The hazard ratios associated with a 1-unit increase in factor XIIa in age- and sex-adjusted models was 1.5 (95% CI 1.1-1.9, P = 0.003) and in a multivariable-adjusted model was 1.3 (95% CI 1.0-1.6, P = 0.047). Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and thrombin-antithrombin III complex were not related to cardiovascular disease events. CONCLUSIONS In our study, soluble E-selectin and factor XIIa were significantly related to 10-year incident macrovascular events in patients with Type 2 diabetes. These preliminary findings call for replication in larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Natarajan
- Department of Cardiology, Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon, UK
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Thota VR, Dacha S, Natarajan A, Nerad J. Eggerthella lenta bacteremia in a Crohn’s disease patient after ileocecal resection. Future Microbiol 2011; 6:595-7. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb.11.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Eggerthella lenta is an anaerobic, nonspore-forming Gram-positive rod and is a common gut commensal. Bacteremia from this organism is rare but when present is always clinically significant. Gastrointestinal disease and malignancy are the most common causes for bacteremia from this organism. Eggerthella species have been isolated in feces from patients with inflammatory bowel disease, but bacteremia has not been reported to the best of our knowledge. Here we report the case of a young African–American female with Crohn’s disease who developed Eggerthella lenta bacteremia after ileocaecal resection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sunil Dacha
- Department of Medicine, Saint Joseph Hospital, 2900 N Lake Shore Dr, Chicago 60657, IL, USA
| | - Aparna Natarajan
- Department of Medicine, Saint Joseph Hospital, 2900 N Lake Shore Dr, Chicago 60657, IL, USA
| | - Judith Nerad
- Department of Medicine, Saint Joseph Hospital, 2900 N Lake Shore Dr, Chicago 60657, IL, USA
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Natarajan A, Strandvik GF, Pattanayak R, Chakithandy S, Passalacqua AM, Lewis CM, Morley AP. Effect of ethnicity on the hypnotic and cardiovascular characteristics of propofol induction. Anaesthesia 2010; 66:15-9. [PMID: 21114475 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2010.06568.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We compared the propofol dose causing loss of verbal response and suppression of bispectral index to 50, between 50 white and 50 black patients, aged 18-65 years. Propofol was administered at 40 mg.kg⁻¹.h⁻¹ and reduced to 8 mg.kg⁻¹.h⁻¹ when bispectral index fell to 50. We recorded heart rate and mean arterial pressure for 15 min in total and calculated, for this period, maximal percentage change from baseline for each. A statistician, blinded to patient ethnicity, found mean (SD) propofol dose for loss of verbal response in white and black patients to be 1.41 (0.37) mg.kg⁻¹ and 1.16 (0.25) mg.kg⁻¹, respectively (p < 0.001). Corresponding figures for maximal percentage change in heart rate were 14.1 (12.6) % and 7.5 (14.0) % (p = 0.015). Other differences were non-significant. The dose of propofol required for loss of verbal response, but not for suppression of bispectral index to 50, is lower in black than in white patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Natarajan
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Sherman DL, Wuyyuru V, Brooke MJ, Zhang HX, Sepkuty JP, Thakor NV, Natarajan A, All AH. Spinal cord integrity monitoring by adaptive coherence measurement. J Neurosci Methods 2010; 193:90-9. [PMID: 20692293 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2010.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2009] [Revised: 07/27/2010] [Accepted: 07/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Injury during routine spinal cord procedures could result in devastating consequences for the surgical patient. Spinal cord monitoring through somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) remains a viable method for prevention of serious injury. METHODS The adaptive coherence estimation (ACE) is a method to iteratively calculate signal match quality through successive filter entrainment. Here we compare the speed of detection with ACE to conventional amplitude measurements. Both absolute magnitude of ACE and amplitude as well as slope change detector algorithm (Farley-Hinich) was run as well to determine the earliest time when a significant change occurred. RESULTS The standard error for the ACE algorithm is close to one tenth of the amplitude measure, Since the ACE algorithm achieved low variance during baseline measurement, we were able to achieve rapid detection of injury. For absolute magnitude detection ACE was faster than amplitude for the 20 g injury weight class. It took an average of 10 epochs to detect the injury with adaptive coherence and nearly 19 with standard amplitude metrics using absolute magnitude changes. Abrupt change detection methods using slope change show that ACE provides more favorable detection capabilities comparable to amplitude. Additionally, there was a significant increase in the ROC curve between ACE and amplitude alone (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Because of its excellent detection capabilities, the adaptive coherence method provides an excellent supplement to traditional amplitude for capturing injury-related changes in SEPs. SIGNIFICANCE Adaptive coherence remains a viable method for rapidly and accurately detecting spinal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Sherman
- Infinite Biomedical Technologies, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Abstract
We report two cases of adolescent females with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus who were found to have gross hepatomegaly on annual review. With the additional findings of short stature (in one case), delayed puberty and a Cushingoid habitus they were diagnosed with Mauriac syndrome. Within our diabetes service we have incorporated regular abdominal examinations for all children and young people with long standing, poorly controlled diabetes (HbA1c persistently >9.5%). A brief review of the literature is included.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Elder
- Academic Unit of Child Health, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield, UK.
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Hathi M, Sherman DL, Inder T, Rothman NS, Natarajan M, Niesen C, Korst LM, Pantano T, Natarajan A. Quantitative EEG in babies at risk for hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy after perinatal asphyxia. J Perinatol 2010; 30:122-6. [PMID: 19741652 DOI: 10.1038/jp.2009.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate an electroencephalography (EEG)-based index, the Cerebral Health Index in babies (CHI/b), for identification of neonates with high Sarnat scores and abnormal EEG as markers of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) after perinatal asphyxia. STUDY DESIGN This is a retrospective study using 30 min of EEG data collected from 20 term neonates with HIE and 20 neurologically normal neonates. The HIE diagnosis was made on clinical grounds based on history and examination findings. The maximum-modified clinical Sarnat score was used to grade HIE severity within 72 h of life. All neonates underwent 2-channel bedside EEG monitoring. A trained electroencephalographer blinded to clinical data visually classified each EEG as normal, mild or severely abnormal. The CHI/b was trained using data from Channel 1 and tested on Channel 2. RESULT The CHI/b distinguished among HIE and controls (P<0.02) and among the three visually interpreted EEG categories (P<0.0002). It showed a sensitivity of 82.4% and specificity of 100% in detecting high grades of neonatal encephalopathy (Sarnat 2 and 3), with an area under the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.912. CHI/b also identified differences between normal vs mildly abnormal (P<0.005), mild vs severely abnormal (P<0.01) and normal vs severe (P<0.002) EEG groups. An ROC curve analysis showed that the optimal ability of CHI/b to discriminate poor outcome was 89.7% (sensitivity: 87.5%; specificity: 82.4%). CONCLUSION The CHI/b identified neonates with high Sarnat scores and abnormal EEG. These results support its potential as an objective indicator of neurological injury in infants with HIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hathi
- Infinite Biomedical Technologies, Baltimore, MD 21211, USA.
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Pattanayak R, Natarajan A, Strandvik G, Chakithandy S, Passalacqua A, Morley AP. Effect of ethnicity on induction dose of propofol. Anaesthesia 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2009.06184_3.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Tamfu R, Natarajan A, Yu H, Mohan S, Shanmugasundaram K, Natarajan M, Natarajan M, Natarajan M. Radiation-Induced S-Nitrosylation of ER-α Predisposes MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells to Aggressive Invasion and Migration. Cancer Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs-09-6162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The objective of this study is to decipher the potentials of breast cancer cells that survive radiation exposure at clinical doses to acquire invasive and metastatic determinants. In this study we exposed estrogen receptor positive (MCF-7) and negative (MDAMB-231) breast cancer cells to clinical doses of low LET radiation including doses used as single fraction (2Gy), cumulative dose (10Gy) and scattered dose (10cGy). The cells were exposed to 137Cs source at a dose rate of 1.27 Gy/min. The mock irradiated cells were used as controls. The mRNA transcript level, protein expression and protein-protein interaction were analyzed by QPCR/RT-PCR, immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation and mammalian two-hybrid system, respectively. Intracellular nitric oxide (NO) levels were determined by immunofluorescence and electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR) using DAF-FM and Fe-MGD as NO traps, respectively. NO-dependent ER-α s-nitrosylation was determined through immunoprecipitating s-nitrosylated proteins from the cell lysates with an s-nitrosylated-cysteine IgG antibody followed by ER-α western blot analysis. Transactivation of ER-α was measured by EMSA and luciferase reporter assay. Cell invasion and migration were examined by co-culture system using thin inserts.Radiation induces eNOS expression and activation through the phosphorylation of eNOS at Ser1177 site resulting in increased bioavailability of NO in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The three-fold bioavailability of NO s-nitrosylates ER-α leading to a two-fold binding of ER-α to ERE. Paradoxically, this binding did not translate into the transcriptional activation of ER-α dependent gene regulation. Altered structure due to s-nitrosylation of ER-α contributes to enhanced cell invasion and cell migration. In consistent with these results, there was an associated 2.3-fold increase in the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and corresponding TIMP-1 decreased expression leading to a 3.5-fold increase in MMP activity. Radiation, while controlling tumor growth, could simultaneously play a significant role in breast cancer relapse and metastasis through the activation of eNOS and the generation of NO. The bioavailability of NO s-nitrosylates ER-α leading to re-defining the genomic functions of ER-α and thereby impart metastatic transformation potentials to ER-α positive breast cancer cells.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 6162.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Tamfu
- 1University of Texas Health Science Center, TX,
| | - A. Natarajan
- 2University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, OK,
| | - H. Yu
- 3University of Texas Health Science Center, TX,
| | - S. Mohan
- 4University of Texas Health Science Center, TX,
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Afzal AJ, Natarajan A, Saini N, Iqbal MJ, Geisler M, El Shemy HA, Mungur R, Willmitzer L, Lightfoot DA. The nematode resistance allele at the rhg1 locus alters the proteome and primary metabolism of soybean roots. Plant Physiol 2009; 151:1264-80. [PMID: 19429603 PMCID: PMC2773059 DOI: 10.1104/pp.109.138149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2009] [Accepted: 05/03/2009] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Heterodera glycines, the soybean cyst nematode (SCN), causes the most damaging chronic disease of soybean (Glycine max). Host resistance requires the resistance allele at rhg1. Resistance destroys the giant cells created in the plant's roots by the nematodes about 24 to 48 h after commencement of feeding. In addition, 4 to 8 d later, a systemic acquired resistance develops that discourages later infestations. The molecular mechanisms that control the rhg1-mediated resistance response appear to be multigenic and complex, as judged by transcript abundance changes, even in near isogenic lines (NILs). This study aimed to focus on key posttranscriptional changes by identifying proteins and metabolites that were increased in abundance in both resistant and susceptible NILs. Comparisons were made among NILs 10 d after SCN infestation and without SCN infestation. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis resolved more than 1,000 protein spots on each gel. Only 30 protein spots with a significant (P < 0.05) difference in abundance of 1.5-fold or more were found among the four treatments. The proteins in these spots were picked, trypsin digested, and analyzed using quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. Protein identifications could be made for 24 of the 30 spots. Four spots contained two proteins, so that 28 distinct proteins were identified. The proteins were grouped into six functional categories. Metabolite analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry identified 131 metabolites, among which 58 were altered by one or more treatment; 28 were involved in primary metabolism. Taken together, the data showed that 17 pathways were altered by the rhg1 alleles. Pathways altered were associated with systemic acquired resistance-like responses, including xenobiotic, phytoalexin, ascorbate, and inositol metabolism, as well as primary metabolisms like amino acid synthesis and glycolysis. The pathways impacted by the rhg1 allelic state and SCN infestation agreed with transcript abundance analyses but identified a smaller set of key proteins. Six of the proteins lay within the same small region of the interactome identifying a key set of 159 interacting proteins involved in transcriptional control, nuclear localization, and protein degradation. Finally, two proteins (glucose-6-phosphate isomerase [EC 5.3.1.9] and isoflavone reductase [EC 1.3.1.45]) and two metabolites (maltose and an unknown) differed in resistant and susceptible NILs without SCN infestation and may form the basis of a new assay for the selection of resistance to SCN in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David A. Lightfoot
- Department of Molecular Biology, Microbiology, and Biochemistry (A.J.A., A.N., H.A.E.S., R.M., D.A.L.), Genomics Core Facility and Center for Excellence in Soybean Research, Teaching, and Outreach, Department of Plant Soil and Agricultural Systems (A.J.A., N.S., H.A.E.S., D.A.L.), and Department of Plant Biology (M.G., D.A.L.), Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 62901; Institute for Advanced Learning and Research, Institute for Sustainable and Renewable Resources, Danville, Virginia 24540 (M.J.I.); and Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam 14476, Germany (R.M., L.W.)
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