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Tallada AK, Ahmed J, Sujir N, Shenoy N, Pawar SM, Muralidharan A, Mallya S. Accessory lingual mental foramen: A case report of a rare anatomic variation. Oral Radiol 2024:10.1007/s11282-024-00747-5. [PMID: 38523181 DOI: 10.1007/s11282-024-00747-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The mandibular nerve and the mental foramen have occasionally shown variations in its anatomy. This report aims to present a case of lingual mental foramen recognised on three-dimensional cone beam computed tomographic imaging (CBCT). CASE REPORT Routine Orthopantomogram (OPG) and CBCT images were evaluated to assess the status of impact third molars in a 31-year-old female who had visited the dental clinics in our institution. The OPG image failed to reveal any anatomic variation in the position of the mental foramen. On tracing the course of the mandibular canal in CBCT images, two foramina were traced at the region of premolar. One opened towards the buccal cortical plate at the normal position of the mental foramen and an accessory lingual mental foramen had an opening on the lingual cortical bone at the same level as the mental foramen. CONCLUSION Understanding variations of the mental foramen is extremely essential in dentistry to carry out successful anaesthetic or surgical interventions and to avoid complications such as nerve damage or excessive bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Kumar Tallada
- Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Radiology Specialist, Olive's Dental World, Hyderbad, 500033, Telangana, India
| | - Junaid Ahmed
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Nanditha Sujir
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India.
| | - Nandita Shenoy
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Shubham M Pawar
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Archana Muralidharan
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Sanjay Mallya
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Ahmed J, Gupta A, Shenoy N, Sujir N, Muralidharan A. Prevalence of Incidental Maxillary Sinus Anomalies on CBCT Scans: A Radiographic Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2918. [PMID: 37761284 PMCID: PMC10528184 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13182918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
CBCT significantly impacts dental procedures and has brought significant reforms to our approach to diagnosis and treatment planning despite its limitations in differentiating soft tissues. It is an excellent imaging modality and quickly identifies sinus opacification and provides valuable insight into paranasal sinus pathologies, with considerably lower radiation exposure. The present study aimed to investigate the occurrence of maxillary sinus abnormalities in CBCT scans, identify the frequency, type, and location of these findings, and find the correlation between the distance of periapical lesions and radiographic changes in the maxillary sinus. Two examiners independently evaluated 117 patients to diagnose and classify the cases into different abnormality subtypes. The periapical lesions most closely related to the sinus were recorded. The diameters of the left and right maxillary sinus ostium and the distance of the ostium's lower border to the sinus's osseous floor were recorded. The findings were correlated with the age and gender of these patients. The present study reveals that sixty-one patients were diagnosed with mucosal thickening (52.1%). The sinus wall most affected by mucosal thickening was the maxillary sinus floor, followed by the medial and lateral walls. Of 19 patients with periapical lesions, 15 had maxillary sinus mucosal thickening, which is statistically significant (p = 0.004). The high occurrence of abnormalities in the maxillary sinus emphasizes the importance for the radiologist to comprehensively interpret the whole volume acquired in CBCT images, including the entire sinus. Incidental findings may be considered in the individual clinical context of signs and symptoms, reducing the risk of overestimating the real impact of radiographic findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nandita Shenoy
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 575001, Karnataka, India; (J.A.); (A.G.); (N.S.); (A.M.)
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Smith AE, Muralidharan A, Smith MT. Prostate cancer induced bone pain: pathobiology, current treatments and pain responses from recent clinical trials. Discov Oncol 2022; 13:108. [PMID: 36258057 PMCID: PMC9579264 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-022-00569-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Metastatic spread of prostate cancer to the skeleton may result in debilitating bone pain. In this review, we address mechanisms underpinning the pathobiology of metastatic prostate cancer induced bone pain (PCIBP) that include sensitization and sprouting of primary afferent sensory nerve fibres in bone. We also review current treatments and pain responses evoked by various treatment modalities in clinical trials in this patient population. METHODS We reviewed the literature using PubMed to identify research on the pathobiology of PCIBP. Additionally, we reviewed clinical trials of various treatment modalities in patients with PCIBP with pain response outcomes published in the past 7 years. RESULTS Recent clinical trials show that radionuclides, given either alone or in combination with chemotherapy, evoked favourable pain responses in many patients and a single fraction of local external beam radiation therapy was as effective as multiple fractions. However, treatment with chemotherapy, small molecule inhibitors and/or immunotherapy agents, produced variable pain responses but pain response was the primary endpoint in only one of these trials. Additionally, there were no published trials of potentially novel analgesic agents in patients with PCIBP. CONCLUSION There is a knowledge gap for clinical trials of chemotherapy, small molecule inhibitors and/or immunotherapy in patients with PCIBP where pain response is the primary endpoint. Also, there are no novel analgesic agents on the horizon for the relief of PCIBP and this is an area of large unmet medical need that warrants concerted research attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. E. Smith
- St Vincent’s Hospital, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - A. Muralidharan
- Neurobiology of Chronic Pain, The Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - M. T. Smith
- Centre for Integrated Preclinical Drug Development, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
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Pratt LR, Gomez DT, Muralidharan A, Pesika N. Shapes of Nonsymmetric Capillary Bridges. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:12378-12383. [PMID: 34709808 PMCID: PMC8591610 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c07448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Here we study the shapes of droplets captured between chemically distinct parallel plates. This work is a preliminary step toward characterizing the influence of second-phase bridging between biomolecular surfaces on their solution contacts, i.e., capillary attraction or repulsion. We obtain a simple, variable-separated quadrature formula for the bridge shape. The technical complication of double-ended boundary conditions on the shapes of nonsymmetric bridges is addressed by studying waists in the bridge shape, i.e., points where the bridge silhouette has zero derivative. Waists are generally expected with symmetric bridges, but waist points can serve to characterize shape segments in general cases. We study how waist possibilities depend on the physical input to these problems, noting that these formulas change with the sign of the inside-outside pressure difference of the bridge. These results permit a variety of different interesting shapes, and the development below is accompanied by several examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Pratt
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - D T Gomez
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - A Muralidharan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconson 53706, United States
| | - N Pesika
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
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Gilham D, Smith AL, Fu L, Moore DY, Muralidharan A, Reid SPM, Stotz SC, Johansson JO, Sweeney M, Wong NCW, El-Gamal D, Kulikowski E. Bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) protein inhibitor, apabetalone, reduces ACE2 expression and attenuates SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro. Eur Heart J 2021. [PMCID: PMC8767620 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.3267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Introduction SARS-CoV-2 causes life threatening COVID-19 complications including acute coronary syndrome, venous thromboembolism, hyperinflammation and damage in multiple tissues. The SARS-CoV-2 “spike protein” binds cell surface receptors including angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) for entry into host cells to initiate infection. Host cell dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4 / CD26) is implicated as a cofactor in uptake. Recent evidence indicates expression of factors involved in SARS-CoV-2 uptake into host cells is regulated by BET proteins, epigenetic readers modulating gene expression. Apabetalone, the most clinically advanced BET inhibitor (BETi), is in phase 3 trials for cardiovascular disease (CVD) (a,b). In cultured human cardiomyocytes, apabetalone suppressed infection with SARS-CoV-2 and prevented dysfunction of cardiac organoids induced by the cytokine-storm that arises in patients with severe symptoms (c). However, anti-viral properties of apabetalone in other cell types are not known. Purpose To examine effects of apabetalone on SARS-CoV-2 infection in cell culture via downregulated expression of cell surface receptors involved in viral entry. Cell systems used mimic initial sites of infection in the lung as well as cell types contributing to complications in late stages of infection. Methods Gene expression was measured by real-time PCR, protein levels by immunoblot or flow cytometry, and binding of recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike protein by flow cytometry. Infection with SARS-CoV-2 was determined in a BSL3 facility. Infectivity was quantified by determining levels of viral spike protein amongst total cells via imaging on an Operetta CLS. Results In Calu-3, a human bronchial epithelial cell line, apabetalone dose-dependently downregulated ACE2 gene expression (up to 98%), reduced ACE2 protein levels (up to 84%) and diminished binding of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (up to 77%, p<0.001 for all parameters). Further, apabetalone abolished infection of Calu-3 cells with live SARS-CoV-2, which was comparable to other antiviral agents. Apabetalone-driven ACE2 downregulation was also observed in extrapulmonary cell types including HepG2, Huh-7 or primary hepatocytes (up to 90%, p<0.001 for all cell types), and Vero E6, a monkey kidney epithelial cell line (up to 38%, p<0.05). DPP4/CD26, a potential cofactor for SARS-CoV-2 uptake, was also downregulated by apabetalone in Calu-3 cells (mRNA ∼65% and protein ∼40%, p<0.001), which may be synergistic with ACE2 reductions to impede SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conclusions Apabetalone, an investigational drug for CVD, reduced cell surface receptors (ACE2 and DPP4) involved in SARS-CoV-2 uptake into host cells and dramatically attenuated SARS-CoV-2 infection/propagation in vitro. Our results suggest apabetalone can mitigate SARS-CoV-2 replication in multiple organs, which together with an established safety profile supports clinical evaluation of apabetalone to treat Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): COVID-19 Rapid Response Grant from the College of Medicine at the University of Nebraska Medical Center (to DE and SPMR), and by University of Nebraska Medical Center start-up funds (to DE).
Graphical Abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gilham
- Resverlogix Corp., Calgary, Canada
| | - A L Smith
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Omaha, United States of America
| | - L Fu
- Resverlogix Corp., Calgary, Canada
| | - D Y Moore
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Omaha, United States of America
| | - A Muralidharan
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Omaha, United States of America
| | - S P M Reid
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Omaha, United States of America
| | | | - J O Johansson
- Resverlogix Inc., San Francisco, United States of America
| | - M Sweeney
- Resverlogix Inc., San Francisco, United States of America
| | | | - D El-Gamal
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Omaha, United States of America
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Muralidharan A, Pratt L, Chaudhari M, Rempe S. Quasi-chemical theory for anion hydration and specific ion effects: Cl-(aq) vs. F-(aq). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpletx.2019.100037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Muralidharan A, Pratt LR, Chaudhari MI, Rempe SB. Quasi-Chemical Theory with Cluster Sampling from Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics: Fluoride (F -) Anion Hydration. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:9806-9812. [PMID: 30475612 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b08474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Accurate predictions of the hydration free energy for anions typically has been more challenging than that for cations. Hydrogen bond donation to the anion in hydrated clusters such as F(H2O) n - can lead to delicate structures. Consequently, the energy landscape contains many local minima, even for small clusters, and these minima present a challenge for computational optimization. Utilization of cluster experimental results for the free energies of gas-phase clusters shows that even though anharmonic effects are interesting they need not be of troublesome magnitudes for careful applications of quasi-chemical theory to ion hydration. Energy-optimized cluster structures for anions can leave the central ion highly exposed, and application of implicit solvation models to these structures can incur more serious errors than those for metal cations. Utilizing cluster structures sampled from ab initio molecular dynamics simulations substantially fixes those issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Muralidharan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Tulane University , New Orleans , Louisiana 70118 , United States
| | - L R Pratt
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Tulane University , New Orleans , Louisiana 70118 , United States
| | - M I Chaudhari
- Center for Biological and Engineering Sciences , Sandia National Laboratories , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87185 , United States
| | - S B Rempe
- Center for Biological and Engineering Sciences , Sandia National Laboratories , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87185 , United States
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Muralidharan A, Havrilla S, Schneider RG, Lucksted A, Goldberg R. PEER COACHING TO PROMOTE SUPERVISED FITNESS TRAINING FOR OLDER VETERANS WITH PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.2206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Muralidharan
- Veterans Affairs Capitol Healthcare Network, Baltimore, MD USA, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - S Havrilla
- Veterans Affairs Capitol Healthcare Network, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - R G Schneider
- Veterans Affairs Capitol Healthcare Network, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - A Lucksted
- Veterans Affairs Capitol Healthcare Network, Baltimore, MD, USA; University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - R Goldberg
- Veterans Affairs Capitol Healthcare Network, Baltimore, MD, USA; University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Muralidharan A, Karel MJ. INTEREST GROUP SESSION - MENTAL HEALTH PRACTICE AND AGING: HOLISTIC RECOVERY FROM MENTAL ILLNESS FOR OLDER VETERANS. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.2205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Muralidharan
- Veterans Affairs Capitol Healthcare Network, Baltimore, MD USA, Baltimore, Maryl
| | - M J Karel
- Office of Mental Health and Suicide Prevention, Department of Veterans Affairs, Underhill, Vermont
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Abstract
Laying a basis for molecularly specific theory for the mobilities of ions in solutions of practical interest, we report a broad survey of velocity autocorrelation functions (VACFs) of Li+ and PF6- ions in water, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, and acetonitrile solutions. We extract the memory function, γ(t), which characterizes the random forces governing the mobilities of ions. We provide comparisons controlling for the effects of electrolyte concentration and ion-pairing, van der Waals attractive interactions, and solvent molecular characteristics. For the heavier ion (PF6-), velocity relaxations are all similar: negative tail relaxations for the VACF and a clear second relaxation for γt, observed previously also for other molecular ions and with n-pentanol as the solvent. For the light Li+ ion, short time-scale oscillatory behavior masks simple, longer time-scale relaxation of γt. But the corresponding analysis of the solventberg Li+H2O4 does conform to the standard picture set by all the PF6- results.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Muralidharan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
| | - L R Pratt
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
| | - M I Chaudhari
- Sandia National Laboratories, Center for Biological and Engineering Sciences, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - S B Rempe
- Sandia National Laboratories, Center for Biological and Engineering Sciences, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
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Hashimoto T, Yoshida K, Goto T, Yako T, Muralidharan A, Baker K, Vitek J. Thalamic responses to somatosensory input are reduced in cerebellar ataxia. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Avinesh MP, Jaison MTJ, Sajith AM, Nagaswarupa HP, Muralidharan A. Facile Synthesis of Fully Decorated Imidazo[4,5-b] and Imidazo[4,5-c] Pyridines in Aqueous DMF via C-H Activation under Microwave Irradiation. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mr. P. Avinesh
- Research and development centre; Bharathiyar University; Coimbatore
- Research Centre; Department of Chemistry; East West Institute of Technology; Bangalore India
| | - Mr. Thadathil. J. Jaison
- Research and development centre; Bharathiyar University; Coimbatore
- Research Centre; Department of Chemistry; East West Institute of Technology; Bangalore India
| | - Ayyiliath. M. Sajith
- Department of Chemistry; Nehru Arts and Science College; Kannur University; Kannur India
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry; Government College Kasargod; Kannur University; Kannur India
| | - H. P. Nagaswarupa
- Research and development centre; Bharathiyar University; Coimbatore
- Research Centre; Department of Chemistry; East West Institute of Technology; Bangalore India
| | - A. Muralidharan
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry; Government College Kasargod; Kannur University; Kannur India
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Muralidharan A, Jensen AL, Connolly A, Hendrix CM, Johnson MD, Baker KB, Vitek JL. Physiological changes in the pallidum in a progressive model of Parkinson's disease: Are oscillations enough? Exp Neurol 2016; 279:187-196. [PMID: 26946223 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Neurophysiological changes in the basal ganglia thalamo-cortical circuit associated with the development of parkinsonian motor signs remain poorly understood. Theoretical models have ranged from those emphasizing changes in mean discharge rate to increased oscillatory activity within the beta range. The present study characterized neuronal activity within and across the internal and external segments of the globus pallidus as a function of motor severity using a staged, progressively severe 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine model of Parkinsonism in three rhesus monkeys. An increase in coherence between neuronal pairs across the external and internal globus pallidus was present in multiple frequency bands in the parkinsonian state; both the peak frequency of oscillatory coherence and the variability were reduced in the parkinsonian state. The incidence of 8-20Hz oscillatory activity in the internal globus pallidus increased with the progression of the disease when pooling the data across the three animals; however it did not correlate with motor severity when assessed individually and increased progressively in only one of three animals. No systematic relationship between mean discharge rates or the incidence or structure of bursting activity and motor severity was observed. These data suggest that exaggerated coupling across pallidal segments contribute to the development of the parkinsonian state by inducing an exaggerated level of synchrony and loss of focusing within the basal ganglia. These data further point to the lack of a defined relationship between rate changes, the mere presence of oscillatory activity in the beta range and bursting activity in the basal ganglia to the motor signs of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Muralidharan
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - A L Jensen
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - A Connolly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - C M Hendrix
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - M D Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - K B Baker
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - J L Vitek
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.
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Savitha B, Sajith AM, Joy MN, Khader KA, Muralidharan A, Padusha MSA, Bodke YD. Palladium-Catalyzed Suzuki Cross-Coupling of 2-Halo-Deazapurines with Potassium Organotrifluoroborate Salts in the Regioselective Synthesis of Imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine Analogues. Aust J Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1071/ch15420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we report the use of potassium organotrifluoroborate salts as nucleophilic organoboron reagents in the Suzuki cross-coupling reactions of 2-halo deazapurines. Regio-isomeric C-2-substituted imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine analogues were synthesized by employing this protocol in good to excellent yields. Whereas aryl and heteroaryl trifluoroborates reacted readily to give the coupled products in high yields, alkyltrifluoroborates were found to be less reactive. The utilization of tetrabutylammonium acetate was found to play a substantial role in enhancing the reaction rates of the cross-coupling process. Also, a comparative study was performed between boronic acids and potassium organotrifluoroborate salts.
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Joy MN, Savitha B, Sajith AM, Bodke YD, Venkatesh T, Khader KA, Padusha MSA, Muralidharan A. A facile access for the synthesis of some C-2 substituted imidazopyrazines by utilizing the palladium catalyzed Suzuki cross-coupling reaction under microwave irradiation. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2015.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Sajith AM, Abdul Khader K, Joshi N, Reddy MN, Syed Ali Padusha M, Nagaswarupa H, Nibin Joy M, Bodke YD, Karuvalam RP, Banerjee R, Muralidharan A, Rajendra P. Design, synthesis and structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies of imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine derived purine isosteres and their potential as cytotoxic agents. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 89:21-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Sajith AM, Abdul Khader KK, Muralidharan A, Ali Padusha MS, Nagaswarupa HP. A Highly Efficient Catalyst for the Suzuki Cross-coupling Reaction of 3-Chloro-5-oxadiazol-2-yl Pyridine. J Heterocycl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. M. Sajith
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Kasargod Govt. College; Kannur University; Kasargod India
| | - K. K. Abdul Khader
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Jamal Mohamed College; Bharathidasan University; Tiruchirapalli India
| | - A. Muralidharan
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Kasargod Govt. College; Kannur University; Kasargod India
- Department of Chemistry, Nehru Arts and Science College; Kannur University; Kannur India
| | - M. S. Ali Padusha
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Jamal Mohamed College; Bharathidasan University; Tiruchirapalli India
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Abdul Khader K, Sajith AM, Ali Padusha MS, Nagaswarupa H, Muralidharan A. Regioselective synthesis of C-2 substituted imidazo[4,5-b]pyridines utilizing palladium catalysed C–N bond forming reactions with enolizable heterocycles. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.01.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abdul Khader KK, Sajith AM, Syed Ali Padusha M, Nagaswarupa HP, Muralidharan A. Cycloalkenyl nonaflates as electrophilic cross-coupling substrates for palladium catalyzed C–N bond forming reactions with enolizable heterocycles under microwave enhanced conditions. NEW J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3nj01355c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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20
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Joy MN, Bodke YD, Khader KKA, Ali Padusha MS, Sajith AM, Muralidharan A. A rapid and modified approach for C-7 amination and amidation of 4-methyl-7-nonafluorobutylsulfonyloxy coumarins under microwave irradiation. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra01720j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid approach for the synthesis of an array of 4-methyl-7-substituted coumarins has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Nibin Joy
- Department of P.G studies and Research in Industrial Chemistry
- Kuvempu University
- Shimoga, India-577451
| | - Yadav D. Bodke
- Department of P.G studies and Research in Industrial Chemistry
- Kuvempu University
- Shimoga, India-577451
| | - K. K. Abdul Khader
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry
- Jamal Mohamed College
- Bharathidasan University
- Tiruchirapalli, India
| | - M. Syed Ali Padusha
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry
- Jamal Mohamed College
- Bharathidasan University
- Tiruchirapalli, India
| | - Ayyiliyath M. Sajith
- Organic Chemistry Division
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Kasaragod Govt. College
- Kannur University
- Kannur, India
| | - A. Muralidharan
- Organic Chemistry Division
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Kasaragod Govt. College
- Kannur University
- Kannur, India
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Abstract
Pain severity ratings and the analgesic dosing requirements of patients with apparently similar pain conditions may differ considerably between individuals. Contributing factors include those of genetic and environmental origin with epigenetic mechanisms that enable dynamic gene-environment interaction, more recently implicated in pain modulation. Insight into genetic factors underpinning inter-patient variability in pain sensitivity has come from rodent heritability studies as well as familial aggregation and twin studies in humans. Indeed, more than 350 candidate pain genes have been identified as potentially contributing to heritable differences in pain sensitivity. A large number of genetic association studies conducted in patients with a variety of clinical pain types or in humans exposed to experimentally induced pain stimuli in the laboratory setting, have examined the impact of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in various target genes on pain sensitivity and/or analgesic dosing requirements. However, the findings of such studies have generally failed to replicate or have been only partially replicated by independent investigators. Deficiencies in study conduct including use of small sample size, inappropriate statistical methods and inadequate attention to the possibility that between-study differences in environmental factors may alter pain phenotypes through epigenetic mechanisms, have been identified as being significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Smith
- Centre for Integrated Preclinical Drug Development, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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22
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Sajith AM, Muralidharan A. Microwave enhanced Suzuki coupling: a diversity-oriented approach to the synthesis of highly functionalised 3-substituted-2-aryl/heteroaryl imidazo[4,5-b]pyridines. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Abstract
Movement-assist devices such as neuromuscular stimulation systems can be used to generate movements in people with chronic hand paralysis due to stroke. If detectable, motor planning activity in the cortex could be used in real time to trigger a movement-assist device and restore a person's ability to perform many of the activities of daily living. Additionally, re-coupling motor planning in the cortex with assisted movement generation in the periphery may provide an even greater benefit-strengthening relevant synaptic connections over time to promote natural motor recovery. This study examined the potential for using electroencephalograms (EEGs) as a means of rapidly detecting the intent to open the hand during movement planning in individuals with moderate chronic hand paralysis following a subcortical ischemic stroke. On average, attempts to open the hand could be detected from EEGs approximately 100-500 ms prior to the first signs of movement onset. This earlier detection would minimize device activation delays and allow for tighter coupling between initial formation of the motor plan in the cortex and augmentation of that plan in the periphery by a movement-assist device. This tight temporal coupling may be important or even essential for strengthening synaptic connections and enhancing natural motor recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Muralidharan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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24
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Fun HK, Chantrapromma S, Sujith KV, Patil PS, Kalluraya B, Muralidharan A, Dharmaprakash SM. 4-[( E)-2,6-Dichlorobenzylideneamino]-3-{1-[4-(2-methylpropyl)phenyl]ethyl}-1 H-1,2,4-triazole-5(4 H)-thione. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2008; 64:o1503-4. [PMID: 21203213 PMCID: PMC2962131 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536808021272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2008] [Accepted: 07/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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25
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Fun HK, Jebas SR, Patil PS, Kalluraya B, Muralidharan A. 4-(4-Bromobenzylideneamino)-3-{1-[4-(2-methylpropyl)phenyl]ethyl}-1-(morpholinomethyl)-1 H-1,2,4-triazole-5(4 H)-thione. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2008; 64:o1570-1. [PMID: 21203272 PMCID: PMC2962191 DOI: 10.1107/s160053680802254x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2008] [Accepted: 07/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
There are two molecules (A and B) in the asymmetric unit of the title compound, C26H32BrN5OS, with almost identical geometry. The morpholine ring adopts the usual chair conformation in both molecules. The triazole ring forms dihedral angles of 4.84 (6) and 74.19 (6)°, respectively, with the bromophenyl and isobutylbenzene rings in molecule A, and angles of 16.68 (7) and 87.29 (6)°, respectively, in molecule B. Intramolecular C—H⋯S hydrogen bonds generate S(5) and S(6) ring motifs in both independent molecules. The crystal structure is stabilized by C—H⋯N, C—H⋯Br and C—H⋯O hydrogen-bonding interactions, together with C—H⋯π interactions.
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26
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Fun HK, Jebas SR, Sujith KV, Patil PS, Kalluraya B, Muralidharan A, Dharmaprakash SM. 4-[(E)-4-Bromo-benzyl-ideneamino]-3-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5(4H)-thione. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2008; 64:o1509. [PMID: 21203218 PMCID: PMC2962136 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536808021636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2008] [Accepted: 07/11/2008] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In the title mol-ecule, C(10)H(9)BrN(4)S, the dihedral angle between the triazole and benzene rings is 12.32 (19)°. An intra-molecular C-H⋯S hydrogen bond generates an S(6) ring motif. In the crystal packing, centrosymmetrically related mol-ecules are linked into a dimer by N-H⋯S hydrogen bonds, and the dimers are linked into a chain running along [11] by Br⋯N short contacts [3.187 (3) Å]. The crystal packing is further strengthened by π-π inter-actions involving the triazole ring [centroid-centroid distance = 3.322 (2) Å].
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoong-Kun Fun
- X-ray Crystallography Unit, School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Samuel Robinson Jebas
- X-ray Crystallography Unit, School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia
| | - K. V. Sujith
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Mangalore 574 199, India
| | - P. S. Patil
- Department of Studies in Physics, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Mangalore 574 199, India
| | - B. Kalluraya
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Mangalore 574 199, India
| | - A. Muralidharan
- Department of Chemistry, Nehru Arts and Science College, Kanhangad, Kerala 671 328, India
| | - S. M. Dharmaprakash
- Department of Studies in Physics, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Mangalore 574 199, India
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El Sayed KA, Laphookhieo S, Baraka HN, Yousaf M, Hebert A, Bagaley D, Rainey FA, Muralidharan A, Thomas S, Shah GV. Biocatalytic and semisynthetic optimization of the anti-invasive tobacco (1S,2E,4R,6R,7E,11E)-2,7,11-cembratriene-4,6-diol. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:2886-93. [PMID: 18222089 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2007] [Revised: 12/27/2007] [Accepted: 12/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco cembranoids were reported to inhibit tumorigenesis. Biocatalysis of (1S,2E,4R,6R,7E,11E)-2,7,11-cembratriene-4,6-diol (1) using the symbiotic Bacillus sp. NC5, Bacillus sp. NK8, and Bacillus sp. NK7, isolated from the Red Sea sponge Negombata magnifica, afforded two new and four known hydroxylated metabolites 3-8. The use of symbiotic marine bacteria as biocatalysts for bioactive natural product scaffolds is very rare. Cembranoid 1 carbamate analogs 9-11 were prepared by its reaction with corresponding isocyanates. Cembranoid 1 and its bioconversion and carabamate products show anti-invasive activity against the human highly metastatic prostate PC-3M cancer cell line at 10-50 nM doses in Matrigel assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid A El Sayed
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, 700 University Avenue, Monroe, LA 71209, USA.
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28
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Sayed KAE, Khanfar MA, Shallal HM, Muralidharan A, Awate B, Youssef DTA, Liu Y, Zhou YD, Nagle DG, Shah G. Latrunculin A and its C-17-O-carbamates inhibit prostate tumor cell invasion and HIF-1 activation in breast tumor cells. J Nat Prod 2008; 71:396-402. [PMID: 18298079 PMCID: PMC2930178 DOI: 10.1021/np070587w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The marine-derived macrolides latrunculins A ( 1) and B, from the Red Sea sponge Negombata magnifica, have been found to reversibly bind actin monomers, forming a 1:1 complex with G-actin and disrupting its polymerization. The microfilament protein actin is responsible for several essential functions within the cell such as cytokinesis and cell migration. One of the main binding pharmacophores of 1 to G-actin was identified as the C-17 lactol hydroxyl moiety that binds arginine 210 NH. Latrunculin A-17- O-carbamates 2- 6 were prepared by reaction with the corresponding isocyanates. Latrunculin A ( 1) and carbamates 4- 6 displayed potent anti-invasive activity against the human highly metastatic human prostate cancer PC-3M cells in a Matrigel assay at a concentration range of 50 nM to 1 microM. Latrunculin A ( 1, 500 nM) decreased the disaggregation and cell migration of PC-3M-CT+ spheroids by 3-fold. Carbamates 4 and 5 were 2.5- and 5-fold more active than 1, respectively, in this assay with less actin binding affinity. Latrunculin A ( 1, IC 50 6.7 microM) and its 17- O-[ N-(benzyl)carbamate ( 6, IC 50 29 microM) suppress hypoxia-induced HIF-1 activation in T47D breast tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid A El Sayed
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Louisana, Monroe, Louisana 71209, USA.
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Thomas S, Muralidharan A, Shah G. Knock-down of calcitonin receptor expression induces apoptosis and growth arrest of prostate cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.31.6.1425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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30
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Thomas S, Muralidharan A, Shah GV. Knock-down of calcitonin receptor expression induces apoptosis and growth arrest of prostate cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2007; 31:1425-1437. [PMID: 17982669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcitonin (CT) and its receptor (CTR) are expressed only in basal epithelium of benign prostate and in whole epithelium of malignant prostates. Also, CT and CTR mRNA levels in prostate cancers increase with an increase in tumor grade. We tested the role of the CT/CTR autocrine axis on the tumorigenicity of prostate cancer cells. We enforced the expression of CTR in CT-positive/CTR-deficient PC-3 cells. In contrast, we knocked down CTR expression in CT/CTR-positive PC-3M cells. The effect of CTR modulation on the oncogenicity was evaluated by the rate of cell proliferation, invasion, colony formation and in vivo growth in nude mice. Up-regulation of CTR in PC-3 cells and its down-regulation in PC-3M cells significantly altered their tumorigenicity. Intratumorally administered CTR RNAi in preexisting PC-3M xenografts markedly attenuated their further growth. This treatment also led to a remarkable decrease in endothelial cell populations in the tumors and increase in apoptotic, PCNA-negative cell populations. Tumors receiving CTR RNAi treatment displayed markedly lower levels of urokinase-type plasminogen activator, phospho-Akt and survivin, suggesting CTR activates uPA-uPAR axis and PI-3-kinase-Akt-survivin pathway. These results suggest an important role for CT-CTR autocrine axis in the progression of localized prostate tumor to a metastatic phenotype, and offer a potential therapeutic option for invasive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibu Thomas
- Pharmacology, University of Louisiana School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Monroe, LA 71209, USA
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