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Kim J, Kim Y, Park K, Boeffel C, Choi HS, Taubert A, Wedel A. Ligand Effect in 1-Octanethiol Passivation of InP/ZnSe/ZnS Quantum Dots-Evidence of Incomplete Surface Passivation during Synthesis. Small 2022; 18:e2203093. [PMID: 36069261 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202203093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The lack of anionic carboxylate ligands on the surface of InP/ZnSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs), where zinc carboxylate ligands can be converted to carboxylic acid or carboxylate ligands via proton transfer by 1-octanethiol, is demonstrated. The as-synthesized QDs initially have an under-coordinated vacancy surface, which is passivated by solvent ligands such as ethanol and acetone. Upon exposure of 1-octanethiol to the QD surface, 1-octanethiol effectively induces the surface binding of anionic carboxylate ligands (derived from zinc carboxylate ligands) by proton transfer, which consequently exchanges ethanol and acetone ligands that bind on the incomplete QD surface. These systematic chemical analyses, such as thermogravimetric analysis-mass spectrometry and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, directly show the interplay of surface ligands, and it associates with QD light-emitting diodes (QD-LEDs). It is believed that this better understanding can lead to industrially feasible QD-LEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyong Kim
- Functional Materials and Devices, Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Yohan Kim
- Functional Materials and Devices, Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Kyoungwon Park
- Display Research Center, Korea Electronics Technology Institute, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 05658, Korea
| | - Christine Boeffel
- Functional Materials and Devices, Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Hyung-Seok Choi
- Functional Materials and Devices, Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Andreas Taubert
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, D-14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Armin Wedel
- Functional Materials and Devices, Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
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Heyne B, Geßner A, Wedel A, Taubert A. Dispersion of InPZnS/ZnSe/ZnS multishell quantum dots (QDs) in water: extension to QDs with different core sizes and identical shell thickness. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202000469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Heyne
- Functional Materials and Devices Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research Geiselbergstr. 69 D-14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - André Geßner
- Functional Materials and Devices Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research Geiselbergstr. 69 D-14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Armin Wedel
- Functional Materials and Devices Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research Geiselbergstr. 69 D-14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Andreas Taubert
- Institute of Chemistry University of Potsdam Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24–25 D-14476 Potsdam Germany
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Balischewski C, Choi H, Behrens K, Beqiraj A, Körzdörfer T, Geßner A, Wedel A, Taubert A. Metal Sulfide Nanoparticle Synthesis with Ionic Liquids - State of the Art and Future Perspectives. ChemistryOpen 2021; 10:272-295. [PMID: 33751846 PMCID: PMC7944564 DOI: 10.1002/open.202000357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal sulfides are among the most promising materials for a wide variety of technologically relevant applications ranging from energy to environment and beyond. Incidentally, ionic liquids (ILs) have been among the top research subjects for the same applications and also for inorganic materials synthesis. As a result, the exploitation of the peculiar properties of ILs for metal sulfide synthesis could provide attractive new avenues for the generation of new, highly specific metal sulfides for numerous applications. This article therefore describes current developments in metal sulfide nanoparticle synthesis as exemplified by a number of highlight examples. Moreover, the article demonstrates how ILs have been used in metal sulfide synthesis and discusses the benefits of using ILs over more traditional approaches. Finally, the article demonstrates some technological challenges and how ILs could be used to further advance the production and specific property engineering of metal sulfide nanomaterials, again based on a number of selected examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Balischewski
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of PotsdamKarl-Liebknecht-Str. 24–2514476PotsdamGermany
| | - Hyung‐Seok Choi
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research (IAP)Functional Materials and Devices/Functional Polymer SystemsGeiselbergstrasse 6914476Potsdam-GolmGermany
| | - Karsten Behrens
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of PotsdamKarl-Liebknecht-Str. 24–2514476PotsdamGermany
| | - Alkit Beqiraj
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of PotsdamKarl-Liebknecht-Str. 24–2514476PotsdamGermany
| | - Thomas Körzdörfer
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of PotsdamKarl-Liebknecht-Str. 24–2514476PotsdamGermany
| | - André Geßner
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research (IAP)Functional Materials and Devices/Functional Polymer SystemsGeiselbergstrasse 6914476Potsdam-GolmGermany
| | - Armin Wedel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research (IAP)Functional Materials and Devices/Functional Polymer SystemsGeiselbergstrasse 6914476Potsdam-GolmGermany
| | - Andreas Taubert
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of PotsdamKarl-Liebknecht-Str. 24–2514476PotsdamGermany
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Heyne B, Arlt K, Geßner A, Richter AF, Döblinger M, Feldmann J, Taubert A, Wedel A. Mixed Mercaptocarboxylic Acid Shells Provide Stable Dispersions of InPZnS/ZnSe/ZnS Multishell Quantum Dots in Aqueous Media. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:nano10091858. [PMID: 32957490 PMCID: PMC7557590 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Highly luminescent indium phosphide zinc sulfide (InPZnS) quantum dots (QDs), with zinc selenide/zinc sulfide (ZnSe/ZnS) shells, were synthesized. The QDs were modified via a post-synthetic ligand exchange reaction with 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) and 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) in different MPA:MUA ratios, making this study the first investigation into the effects of mixed ligand shells on InPZnS QDs. Moreover, this article also describes an optimized method for the correlation of the QD size vs. optical absorption of the QDs. Upon ligand exchange, the QDs can be dispersed in water. Longer ligands (MUA) provide more stable dispersions than short-chain ligands. Thicker ZnSe/ZnS shells provide a better photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and higher emission stability upon ligand exchange. Both the ligand exchange and the optical properties are highly reproducible between different QD batches. Before dialysis, QDs with a ZnS shell thickness of ~4.9 monolayers (ML), stabilized with a mixed MPA:MUA (mixing ratio of 1:10), showed the highest PLQY, at ~45%. After dialysis, QDs with a ZnS shell thickness of ~4.9 ML, stabilized with a mixed MPA:MUA and a ratio of 1:10 and 1:100, showed the highest PLQYs, of ~41%. The dispersions were stable up to 44 days at ambient conditions and in the dark. After 44 days, QDs with a ZnS shell thickness of ~4.9 ML, stabilized with only MUA, showed the highest PLQY, of ~34%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Heyne
- Fraunhofer IAP, Geiselbergstraße 69, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; (B.H.); (K.A.); (A.G.)
| | - Kristin Arlt
- Fraunhofer IAP, Geiselbergstraße 69, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; (B.H.); (K.A.); (A.G.)
| | - André Geßner
- Fraunhofer IAP, Geiselbergstraße 69, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; (B.H.); (K.A.); (A.G.)
| | - Alexander F. Richter
- Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich and Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany; (A.F.R.); (J.F.)
| | - Markus Döblinger
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Butenandtstraße 5-13 (E), 81377 Munich, Germany;
| | - Jochen Feldmann
- Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich and Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany; (A.F.R.); (J.F.)
| | - Andreas Taubert
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
- Correspondence: (A.T.); (A.W.); Tel.: +49-(0)331-977-5773 (A.T.); +49-(0)331-568-1910 (A.W.)
| | - Armin Wedel
- Fraunhofer IAP, Geiselbergstraße 69, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; (B.H.); (K.A.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence: (A.T.); (A.W.); Tel.: +49-(0)331-977-5773 (A.T.); +49-(0)331-568-1910 (A.W.)
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Kim Y, Heyne B, Abouserie A, Pries C, Ippen C, Günter C, Taubert A, Wedel A. CuS nanoplates from ionic liquid precursors—Application in organic photovoltaic cells. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:193818. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4991622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Kim
- Functional Polymer Systems, Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Benjamin Heyne
- Functional Polymer Systems, Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ahed Abouserie
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Christopher Pries
- Functional Polymer Systems, Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Christian Ippen
- Functional Polymer Systems, Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Christina Günter
- Institute of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam D-14476, Germany
| | - Andreas Taubert
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Armin Wedel
- Functional Polymer Systems, Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
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Kim Y, Ippen C, Greco T, Oh MS, Chul JH, Lee J, Wedel A, Kim J. Semitransparent quantum dot light-emitting diodes by cadmium-free colloidal quantum dots. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2014; 14:8636-40. [PMID: 25958576 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2014.9975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The InP/ZnSe/ZnS multishell colloidal quantum dots (QDs) were prepared by convenient heating-up method for an emission layer of semitransparent quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QD-LEDs). The synthesized InP/ZnSe/ZnS multishell QDs exhibited an emission peak at 545 nm for clear green color with a full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of 50 nm, and photoluminescent (PL) quantum yield (QY) of 45%. The multishell on the indium phosphide (InP) core helped increasing QY and stability by reducing interfacial defects. Using a Ca/Ag cathode, the whole QD-LEDs were semitransparent throughout the visible wavelengths. The maximum brightness and currernt efficiency of semitransparent QD-LEDs reached 587 cd/m2 and 1.52 cd/A by controlling the thickness of Ca/Ag cathode, which is comparable to the device with opaque LiF/Al cathode (1444 cd/m2 and 1.98 cd/A). The performance of our semitransparent and eco-friendly device is not matched with traditional cadmium (Cd) based QD-LEDs yet, but it shows the great potential for various window-type information displays.
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Kim Y, Ippen C, Greco T, Wedel A, Park M, Lee C, Han CJ, Kim J. 19.1: Efficiency Enhancement of Indium Phosphide (InP) Based Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes by Shell Thickness Tuning. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2168-0159.2013.tb06180.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Fischer B, Kreissl S, Boeffel C, Wedel A. Multi-layer printing of OLEDs as a tool for the creation of security features. Opt Express 2012; 20 Suppl 2:A219-A223. [PMID: 22418671 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.00a219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The combined deposition of structured and homogenous layers for the device setup of OLEDs results in a structured display visible with a gray scale impression. These permanently imprinted structures are only visible during the application of an electrical field and almost invisible in the off state. Most intriguing applications of such devices are security marks, electronic watermarks but also for advertising and design applications the creation of gray scale structures might have interesting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert Fischer
- Department of Functional Materials and Devices, Fraunhofer Institute of Polymer Research, Geiselbergstr. 69, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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Thesen MW, Höfer B, Debeaux M, Janietz S, Wedel A, Köhler A, Johannes HH, Krueger H. Hole-transporting host-polymer series consisting of triphenylamine basic structures for phosphorescent polymer light-emitting diodes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Thesen MW, Krueger H, Janietz S, Wedel A, Graf M. Investigation of spacer influences in phosphorescent-emitting nonconjugated PLED systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Yang LY, Wang C, Li LQ, Janietz S, Wedel A, Hua YL, Yin SG. Synthesis and characterization of novel poly(p-phenylenevinylene) derivatives containing phenothiazine-5-oxide and phenothiazine-5, 5-dioxide moieties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Janietz S, Barche J, Wedel A, Sainova D. Poly(4-hexyl-1,2,4-triazole-4H): An Electron Semiconducting Analogue to Regioregular Poly(hexylthiophene). MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200400095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Janietz S, Anlauf S, Wedel A. A New Class of Organosoluble Rigid-Rod, Fully Aromatic Poly(1,3,4-oxadiazole)s and Their Solid-State Properties, 2. Solid-State Properties. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3935(20020101)203:2<433::aid-macp433>3.0.co;2-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Lyka I, Carlsson GE, Wedel A, Kiliaridis S. Dentists' perception of risks for molars without antagonists. A questionnaire study of dentists in Sweden. Swed Dent J 2001; 25:67-73. [PMID: 11471969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this questionnaire study was to investigate dentists' assessment of and the decision making process in a clinical situation with unopposed molar teeth. The questionnaire comprised, besides questions about the dentist's background, a presentation of a clinical situation with a 42-year old male patient who just had lost the left mandibular molars (teeth 36 and 37). A series of questions was provided with multiple choice answers regarding what most probably would occur with the unopposed maxillary molars within a 10-year period, what treatment to propose in such a situation, and indications for the proposed treatment. The questionnaire was sent to a randomly selected group of active members of the Göteborg Dental Society. Two hundred completed questionnaires were returned (response rate 72.5%). The great majority (85%) suggested that marked overeruption of the unopposed molars would occur, whereas 13% believed in minor changes. Almost half of the respondents (47%) proposed to wait and see before any treatment was started, whereas the remaining dentists wanted to perform some therapy as soon as possible or within a specified period of time. The most commonly suggested indications for treatment were risk for overeruption (79%), risk for impaired masticatory function (54%), and risk for development of TMD (50%). Differences in answers were found between female and male dentists, between specialists and general practitioners, and with respect to year of graduation. Most dentists believed that overeruption would occur in spite of the limited knowledge of what will happen to unopposed teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Lyka
- Department of Orthodontics, Göteborg University, Sweden
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18
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Abstract
IL-10 is a unique cytokine because it is anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive. IL-10 is regulated at the level of transcription, but the critical motifs and the relevant transcription factors controlling this gene have remained elusive to date. We now report that a sequence at -120 bp in the human IL-10 promoter binds Stat3 but no other Stat proteins. Mutation of this motif abrogates LPS-induced trans-activation. Overexpression of dominant negative Stat3 suppresses promoter activity, while wild-type Stat3 leads to an enhancement of this activity. Our results show that Stat3, by binding to a single motif in the IL-10 promoter, is controlling expression of the human IL-10 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Benkhart
- Institute for Immunology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Mammalian Genetics, Neuherberg, Germany; and Genomatix Software GmbH, Munich, Germany
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Thünemann AF, Janietz S, Anlauf S, Wedel A. Thermochromism of a liquid crystalline dialkoxy substituted poly(1,4-phenylene-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2,5-diyl). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1039/b005757f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Wedel A, Frankenberger M, Sulski G, Petersmann I, Kuprash D, Nedospasov S, Ziegler-Heitbrock HW. Role of p52 (NF-kappaB2) in LPS tolerance in a human B cell line. Biol Chem 1999; 380:1193-9. [PMID: 10595582 DOI: 10.1515/bc.1999.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cells of the weakly CD14 positive human B cell line RPMI 8226, clone 1, will mobilize NF-kappaB (p50/p65 and p50/p50) proteins and produce TNF mRNA when stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). When such cells are precultured with a low amount of LPS (50-250 ng/ml) for 3 - 4 days followed by a secondary stimulation with a high dose of LPS (1 microg/ml) then the cytokine expression is strongly reduced, i. e. the cells have become tolerant. Western blot analysis of proteins of the NF-kappaB/rel family demonstrates cytoplasmic p50 and p65 for naive B cells plus a low level of p52. While with tolerance induction the pattern of p50 and p65 proteins remains essentially unchanged, the LPS tolerant 8226 cells show a dramatic increase of both p52 protein and its p100 precursor in the cytosol. This p52 is found strongly upregulated in Western blots of extracts from purified nuclei of tolerant cells. Also, gelshift analysis with the -605 kappaB motif of the human TNF 5'-region shows an additional high mobility complex in LPS tolerant cells -a complex that is supershifted with an anti-p52 antibody. Functional analysis with the -1064 TNF 5'-region in front of the luciferase reporter gene demonstrates that transactivation of the TNF promoter is strongly reduced in tolerant cells. Also, overexpression of p52 will suppress activity of TNF promoter reporter gene constructs. Taken together these data show that tolerance to LPS in the human RPMI 8226 B cell line involves upregulation of the p52 (NF-kappaB2) gene, which appears to be instrumental in the blockade of TNF gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wedel
- Institute for Immunology, University of Munich, Germany
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Wedel A, Borrman H, Carlsson GE. Tooth wear and temporomandibular joint morphology in a skull material from the 17th century. Swed Dent J 1998; 22:85-95. [PMID: 9768456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal remnants from the skulls of 69 subjects from the 17th century have been studied focusing on TMJ morphology and tooth wear. Several of the skulls were damaged and altogether 68 condyles and 28 temporal components of the TMJ, and 97 dentate jaws could be examined. Tooth wear was extensive and most of the first molars in both jaws had lost most of their occlusal morphology. This is remarkable with respect to the fact that the great majority of the subjects had died before the age of 35 years, according to the age determination performed. The TMJs showed frequent remodelling but only rarely deformative changes. The frequent observation of a broken up compact bone layer on the condyle was interpreted as a post-mortem artefact. The results indicate adaptive response of the TMJs to the probably heavy masticatory function but do not support the suggested relationship between tooth wear and TMJ osteoarthrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wedel
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Göteborg University, Sweden
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Wedel A, Sulski G, Ziegler-Heitbrock HW. CCAAT/enhancer binding protein is involved in the expression of the tumour necrosis factor gene in human monocytes. Cytokine 1996; 8:335-41. [PMID: 8726660 DOI: 10.1006/cyto.1996.0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Within the human TNF promoter we have identified two sites at positions -189 and -101 that show C/EBP specific binding of nuclear proteins from cells of the human monocytic line Mono Mac 6. Supershift analysis with anti C/EBP antibodies revealed that the complexes formed consist of both C/EBP alpha and C/EBP beta. When studying reporter constructs with a 5'-deletion series of the TNF promoter in cotransfection experiments with a C/EBP beta expression plasmid, a construct with the -1064 TNF fragment gave 26-fold transactivation, the -630 fragment showed 23-fold transactivation and the -107 fragment (containing the -101 C/EBP binding motif) still gave 16-fold transactivation. Mutagenesis of the -101 site in the -630 construct resulted in a reduction of C/EBP driven transactivation from 26-fold to 7-fold. Finally, when Mono Mac 6 cells were transfected with these constructs, stimulation by LPS induced a 19-fold transactivation in the -630 wild type construct, while the -630 construct carrying the -101 mutation was transactivated only 4-fold. Hence, the data indicate that the -101 C/EBP motif is crucial for TNF gene expression in human monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wedel
- Institute for Immunology, University of Munich, Germany
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Kastenbauer S, Wedel A, Frankenberger M, Wirth T, Ziegler-Heitbrock HW. Analysis of promoter activity by polymerase chain reaction amplification of reporter gene mRNA. Anal Biochem 1996; 233:137-9. [PMID: 8789158 DOI: 10.1006/abio.1996.0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Kastenbauer
- Institute for Immunology, University of Munich, Germany
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Abstract
NTRC is a prokaryotic enhancer-binding protein that activates transcription by sigma 54-holoenzyme. NTRC has an ATPase activity that is required for transcriptional activation, specifically for isomerization of closed complexes between sigma 54-holoenzyme and a promoter to open complexes. In the absence of ATP hydrolysis, there is known to be a kinetic barrier to open complex formation (i.e., the reaction proceeds so slowly that the polymerase synthesizes essentially no transcripts even from a supercoiled template). We show here that open complex formation is also thermodynamically unfavorable. In the absence of ATP hydrolysis the position of equilibrium between closed and open complexes favors the closed ones. Use of linear templates with a region of heteroduplex around the transcriptional start site--"preopened" templates--does not bypass the requirement for either NTRC or ATP hydrolysis, providing evidence that the rate-limiting step in open complex formation does not lie in DNA strand denaturation per se. These results are in contrast to recent findings regarding the ATP requirement for initiation of transcription by eukaryotic RNA polymerase II; in the latter case, the ATP requirement is circumvented by use of a supercoiled plasmid template or a preopened linear template.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wedel
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California Berkeley 94720, USA
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Abstract
The C/EBP proteins form a family of transcription factors with at least seven members. These proteins consist of three structural components which include a C-terminal leucine-zipper, a basic DNA-binding region and a N-terminal transactivating region. Dimerization through the leucine-zipper leads to formation of homo- and heterodimers which then bind with their two basic regions to often non-symmetric DNA-sequences in the promoter/enhancer regions of a variety of genes. Expression of C/EBP is prominent in adipocytes, hepatocytes and monocytes/macrophages, and here these proteins are involved in tissue-specific gene expression. Target genes for C/EBP include those for acute phase response genes in liver cells and for cytokine genes in monocytes/macrophages. Therefore, intervention at the level of C/EBP transcription factors may prove effective in controlling immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wedel
- Institute for Immunology, University of Munich, Germany
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28
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Abstract
When monocytes are stimulated with Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), they efficiently produce cytokines like tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Upon secondary stimulation, this response is only minimal, and there is little TNF mRNA transcription, mRNA accumulation, and protein production. Studies with the monocytic cell line Mono Mac 6 have shown that in such tolerant cells the CD14 LPS receptor is still present, and the transcription factor NF-kB is still efficiently mobilized. This NF-kB complex has, however, a different composition, that does not transactivate TNF promoter reportergene constructs. We now show that similar mechanisms apply to primary blood monocytes. After primary stimulation these cells also produce high levels of TNF and then develop tolerance in that upon secondary challenge little TNF is produced. CD14 cell surface expression is unchanged or even increased in tolerant cells and NF-kB mobilization does still occur. The complex mobilized in such tolerant monocytes is, however, composed mainly of high mobility binding proteins. This indicates that p50 homodimers predominate in NF-kB complex of tolerant blood monocytes, similar to what has been reported for Mono Mac 6 cells. The data add to the notion that p50 binding to the cognate -kB DNA motif in the TNF promoter may be responsible for the unresponsiveness in LPS tolerance.
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29
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Meier T, Schickor P, Wedel A, Cellai L, Heumann H. In vitro transcription close to the melting point of DNA: analysis of Thermotoga maritima RNA polymerase-promoter complexes at 75 degrees C using chemical probes. Nucleic Acids Res 1995; 23:988-94. [PMID: 7731814 PMCID: PMC306796 DOI: 10.1093/nar/23.6.988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction of DNA dependent RNA polymerase of the extreme thermophile bacteria Thermotoga maritima with a promoter bearing DNA fragment was investigated in the temperature range from 20 to 85 degrees C. We show that the T. maritima RNA polymerase recognizes and utilizes the Escherichia coli T7 A1 promoter with an efficiency similar to that of the E. coli polymerase. We have investigated the interaction of both polymerases with the same promoter over a wide range of temperatures using hydroxyl radical foot-printing and osmium tetroxide probing. This study revealed that the T. maritima polymerase goes through a series of isomerisation events very similar to the E. coli polymerase, i.e. the closed, intermediate and open complexes, but the transitions themselves occur at radically different temperatures. This indicates that conformational changes in the DNA that accompany initiation of transcription such as promoter melting are determined by the polymerase rather than the DNA sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Meier
- Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
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30
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Koppmann R, Johnen FJ, Khedim A, Rudolph J, Wedel A, Wiards B. The influence of ozone on light nonmethane hydrocarbons during cryogenic preconcentration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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31
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Abstract
Ninety-eight patients who received prosthodontic treatment for maxillofacial defects were examined clinically and by means of questionnaires and registration of chewing efficiency and occlusal force. Although 30% of the patients stated that they could chew soft food, and one third could not chew the test food (almonds), only 14% said they had a poor chewing ability. The mean occlusal force was small (80 N) but the individual variation was great (median 49 N, maximum 327 N). Despite major defects and poor functional test results, most patients were remarkably well-adapted to their situation and to maxillofacial prosthodontic rehabilitation. Severe signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders were rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wedel
- Faculty of Odontology, Göteborg University, Sweden
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32
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Abstract
Multisubunit RNA polymerases in prokaryotes and eukaryotes share an evolutionarily conserved core. Here, we compare the processes of promoter recognition, transcription initiation and transcript elongation by human RNA polymerase II and by the RNA polymerase of the eubacterium Escherichia coli. Although these two polymerases have diverged widely in structure, important functions have been conserved, suggesting that the basic mechanisms of RNA transcription are similar in eukaryotes and prokaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Eick
- Institut für Klinische Molekular-Biologie und Tumorgenetik, Forschungszentrum für Umwelt und Gesundheit, GSF, München, Germany
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33
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Ziegler-Heitbrock HW, Wedel A, Schraut W, Ströbel M, Wendelgass P, Sternsdorf T, Bäuerle PA, Haas JG, Riethmüller G. Tolerance to lipopolysaccharide involves mobilization of nuclear factor kappa B with predominance of p50 homodimers. J Biol Chem 1994; 269:17001-4. [PMID: 7516328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimulation of the human monocytic cell line Mono Mac 6 with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) leads to rapid and transient expression of cytokines like tumor necrosis factor (TNF). When such cells are precultured for 2 days with a low dose of LPS (20 ng/ml) followed by stimulation with a high dose of LPS (1 microgram/ml), expression of the TNF gene is minimal, i.e. the cells are tolerant. In nuclear run-on analysis, such tolerant cells show only a low degree of transcription, indicating that tolerance operates at or upstream of the transcription level. The CD14 LPS receptor is, however, up-regulated (not down-regulated) in tolerant cells, and LPS can, in fact, still lead to activation of tolerant cells as evidenced by mobilization of the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B). Resolution of the NF-kappa B complex in gel shift analysis shows that the binding protein, mobilized in naive Mono Mac 6 cells, consists mainly of p50-p65 heterodimers, while in tolerant cells, the p50 homodimer is predominant. This increase in p50 homodimers coincides with an increase in p105 mRNA, suggestive of a transcriptional up-regulation of p50. Reporter gene analysis reveals that the NF-kappa B complex mobilized in tolerant cells is functionally inactive in that NF-kappa B-dependent luciferase constructs containing the human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat or the TNF 5'-region show only minimal transactivation after LPS stimulation. Similar to Mono Mac 6 cells, primary blood monocytes, when precultured with a low dose of LPS, also become tolerant and produce little TNF after LPS stimulation. The tolerant blood monocytes also up-regulate CD14, and they mobilize NF-kappa B with a predominance of p50 homodimers. Taken together, these results demonstrate that tolerance to LPS is determined by post-receptor mechanisms that involve an altered composition of the NF-kappa B complex.
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34
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Ziegler-Heitbrock H, Wedel A, Schraut W, Ströbel M, Wendelgass P, Sternsdorf T, Bäuerle P, Haas J, Riethmüller G. Tolerance to lipopolysaccharide involves mobilization of nuclear factor kappa B with predominance of p50 homodimers. J Biol Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)32510-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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35
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Ziegler-Heitbrock HW, Sternsdorf T, Liese J, Belohradsky B, Weber C, Wedel A, Schreck R, Bäuerle P, Ströbel M. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate inhibits NF-kappa B mobilization and TNF production in human monocytes. J Immunol 1993; 151:6986-93. [PMID: 8258705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The human TNF promoter contains four potential nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B)-binding sites, with the strongest binding seen for the -605 motif. Nuclear extracts from unstimulated cells of the human monocytic cell line, Mono Mac 6, contain one specific binding protein (complex II), consistent with a constitutive p50 homodimer. Stimulation of Mono Mac 6 cells with LPS will increase complex II and will strongly induce a second specific complex (complex I), which represents the p50/65 heterodimer. Treatment of Mono Mac 6 cells with pyrrolidine-dithiocarbamate (PDTC) at 300 microM will block the LPS-induced complex I almost completely and will reduce complex II to the constitutive level. Binding activity of other nuclear factors that recognize the SP-1 and c/EBP motifs of the human TNF promoter is not affected by such treatment. Northern blot analysis demonstrates that PDTC treatment will strongly reduce LPS-induced TNF transcripts. Secreted TNF protein as detected in the Wehi 164S/ActD bioassay and in a sandwich immunoassay was similarly reduced by PDTC. Kinetic analyses show that after LPS stimulation, NF-kappa B will peak at 1 h, TNF transcript prevalence at 2 h, and TNF protein at 4 h. PDTC did not shift this response to LPS to a later time, but suppressed NF-kappa B mobilization, TNF transcripts, and TNF protein over the entire 8-h observation period. Analysis of freshly isolated, LPS-stimulated blood monocytes showed a similar blockade of NF-kappa B. Furthermore, in these primary cells, induction of TNF transcripts, as determined by Northern blot analysis and by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, was prevented by PDTC as was TNF protein production. These data show that dithiocarbamates can profoundly affect cytokine expression and suggest that NF-kappa B is involved in LPS-induced TNF gene expression in human monocytes.
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36
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Ziegler-Heitbrock HW, Sternsdorf T, Liese J, Belohradsky B, Weber C, Wedel A, Schreck R, Bäuerle P, Ströbel M. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate inhibits NF-kappa B mobilization and TNF production in human monocytes. The Journal of Immunology 1993. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.151.12.6986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The human TNF promoter contains four potential nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B)-binding sites, with the strongest binding seen for the -605 motif. Nuclear extracts from unstimulated cells of the human monocytic cell line, Mono Mac 6, contain one specific binding protein (complex II), consistent with a constitutive p50 homodimer. Stimulation of Mono Mac 6 cells with LPS will increase complex II and will strongly induce a second specific complex (complex I), which represents the p50/65 heterodimer. Treatment of Mono Mac 6 cells with pyrrolidine-dithiocarbamate (PDTC) at 300 microM will block the LPS-induced complex I almost completely and will reduce complex II to the constitutive level. Binding activity of other nuclear factors that recognize the SP-1 and c/EBP motifs of the human TNF promoter is not affected by such treatment. Northern blot analysis demonstrates that PDTC treatment will strongly reduce LPS-induced TNF transcripts. Secreted TNF protein as detected in the Wehi 164S/ActD bioassay and in a sandwich immunoassay was similarly reduced by PDTC. Kinetic analyses show that after LPS stimulation, NF-kappa B will peak at 1 h, TNF transcript prevalence at 2 h, and TNF protein at 4 h. PDTC did not shift this response to LPS to a later time, but suppressed NF-kappa B mobilization, TNF transcripts, and TNF protein over the entire 8-h observation period. Analysis of freshly isolated, LPS-stimulated blood monocytes showed a similar blockade of NF-kappa B. Furthermore, in these primary cells, induction of TNF transcripts, as determined by Northern blot analysis and by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, was prevented by PDTC as was TNF protein production. These data show that dithiocarbamates can profoundly affect cytokine expression and suggest that NF-kappa B is involved in LPS-induced TNF gene expression in human monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - T Sternsdorf
- Institute for Immunology, Genzentrum, Martinsried, Germany
| | - J Liese
- Institute for Immunology, Genzentrum, Martinsried, Germany
| | - B Belohradsky
- Institute for Immunology, Genzentrum, Martinsried, Germany
| | - C Weber
- Institute for Immunology, Genzentrum, Martinsried, Germany
| | - A Wedel
- Institute for Immunology, Genzentrum, Martinsried, Germany
| | - R Schreck
- Institute for Immunology, Genzentrum, Martinsried, Germany
| | - P Bäuerle
- Institute for Immunology, Genzentrum, Martinsried, Germany
| | - M Ströbel
- Institute for Immunology, Genzentrum, Martinsried, Germany
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37
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Möllers B, Klages S, Wedel A, Cross M, Spooncer E, Dexter TM, Renkawitz R. The mouse M-lysozyme gene domain: identification of myeloid and differentiation specific DNasel hypersensitive sites and of a 3'-cis acting regulatory element. Nucleic Acids Res 1992; 20:1917-24. [PMID: 1579493 PMCID: PMC312307 DOI: 10.1093/nar/20.8.1917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The mouse M-lysozyme gene is exclusively expressed in myeloid cells of the blood system being progressively turned on upon cell differentiation. In this study the mechanism controlling this tissue- and differentiation stage-specific gene expression was analyzed at the level of chromatin structure. A complex pattern consisting of constitutive and differentiation dependent DNasel hypersensitive sites (HSs) was found in a set of various myeloid cell lines, representing different stages of maturity. The chromatin of a lymphoid cell line, which does not express the lysozyme gene, is completely insensitive to DNasel digestion. Chromatin analysis of two multipotent hematopoietic stem cell lines which can be differentiated in vitro to mature myeloid cells confirmed that these identified DNasel HSs are specific for distinct differentiation stages, rather than being a characteristic feature of the cell lines. Additionally, the stem cell studies revealed that the hypersensitivity of the chromatin domain is already established at the multipotent stage. DNA fragments spanning a cell type- and differentiation stage-specific cluster of HSs in the 3' region of the gene showed enhancer activity in all cell types tested. In the light of this lack of specificity, we suggest that cell type-specific modification of the chromatin structure in this region may play a role in determining the binding of a widespread transcription factor, and hence contribute to the time specificity of lysozyme M gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Möllers
- Genzentrum, Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie, Martinsried, Germany
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38
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Wedel A, Wenneberg B. [To describe, diagnose and treat headaches--does the dentist take part in the process?]. Tandlakartidningen 1991; 83:560-2, 564-5. [PMID: 1818406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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39
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Abstract
The nitrogen regulatory protein NtrC of enteric bacteria activates transcription of the glnA gene by catalyzing isomerization of closed complexes between RNA polymerase and the glnA promoter to open complexes. NtrC binds to sites upstream of glnA that have properties of eukaryotic transcriptional enhancers. NtrC-binding sites were found to facilitate open complex formation when these sites and the glnA promoter were located on different rings of a singly linked catenane, but not when the two rings were decatenated. The results provide evidence that NtrC contacts RNA polymerase-promoter complexes in a process mediated by formation of a DNA loop. NtrC-binding sites serve to tether NtrC near the glnA promoter, thereby increasing the frequency of collisions between NtrC and polymerase-promoter complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wedel
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Berkeley 94720
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40
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von Berlepsch H, Kunstler W, Wedel A, Danz R, Geiss D. Piezoelectric activity in a copolymer of acrylonitrile and methylacrylate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1109/14.90298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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41
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Abstract
We have isolated and characterized both cDNA and genomic DNA of the mouse lysozyme M gene. Derivation of the amino acid sequence from the nucleotide sequences revealed six positions in the carboxyl terminus that differ from partial sequences previously published. The differential detection of specific mRNAs from the closely related lysozyme M and P genes has revealed different but overlapping tissue specificities of expression. The M gene is expressed weakly in myeloblasts, moderately in immature macrophages, and strongly in both mature macrophages and macrophage-rich tissues, while high levels of P transcripts are present only in small intestine. Sites of protein accumulation, rather than gene expression, have been identified by comparative quantitation of mRNA and enzyme levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cross
- Genzentrum, Max Planck Institut für Biochemie, Martinsried, Federal Republic of Germany
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42
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Abstract
From a group of consecutive patients referred for diagnosis and treatment of functional disturbances of the masticatory system, two groups, a young group (16-30 years, 113 subjects) and an older group (55-80 years, sixty-three subjects) were selected for a follow-up study. A self-administered questionnaire was mailed to them 4 years after the start of treatment. They had answered a similar questionnaire at the first visit. Of the selected patients, 148 (84%) participated. If explainable losses are excluded, the response rate was 89%. Most of the pain and dysfunction symptoms had diminished significantly in frequency while 'peripheral' symptoms such as tinnitus, vertigo, tongue pain and swallowing difficulties had the same prevalence on both occasions. Two-thirds of the patients reported a positive effect of treatment, without any significant difference between the younger and the older group. The remaining symptoms differed, however. The older group reported pain in the face and jaws, vertigo, tinnitus, tongue pain and TMJ crepitation more often than the younger group, while the opposite was found for TMJ clicking and tooth grinding. Only one variable from the original questionnaire (duration of initial symptoms), with none from the first clinical examination, was significantly correlated to the retrospective assessment of treatment outcome. This shows that it is difficult to predict the long-term outcome of treatment from data collected at the first examination of a patient with TMJ pain and dysfunction, but that a long duration of symptoms may have a negative influence on the prognosis.
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Abstract
A retrospective review was performed in 350 consecutive patients referred for functional disturbances of the masticatory system. Two and one-half years after the first visit, the records of all patients were examined for clinical findings, diagnosis, and observations related to treatment. Number of visits, length of the treatment period, and evaluation of signs and symptoms at last visit (factors which showed a wide variation) were analyzed for correlation with signs and symptoms at first visit and some background factors. A total of 50 variables were considered. The number of visits and length of treatment indicated the severity of signs and symptoms at the first visit. Multiple regression analysis showed that tenderness on muscle palpation at first visit was the most important of the independent variables. About one-fourth of the variance of number of visits and length of treatment could be explained (R2 = 0.28 and 0.27, respectively), while the corresponding value for the variance of the evaluation at last visit was 15% (R2 = 0.15). The results tend to emphasize the heterogeneity of patients with functional disturbances of the masticatory system and the difficulty of prognosticating the outcome of treatment in such patients, even when attempts are made to divide them into subgroups.
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45
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Abstract
The records of 350 consecutive patients referred 2 1/2 years previously were examined retrospectively for clinical findings, diagnoses and observations related to treatment. There was a good correlation between the severity of symptoms reported by the patients in a questionnaire at the first visit and the clinical dysfunction index. The female patients had higher dysfunction index values than the men, while the occlusal index was equally distributed in both sexes. The most frequently used treatment methods were bite planes, occlusal adjustment and jaw exercises. There was a wide variation in the length of the treatment period and number of visits but the median values for these variables were 3 and 4 months, respectively, which is encouraging in view of the fact that the duration of the symptoms before the start of treatment was more than 6 months in two-thirds of the patients. Patients who had reported severe symptoms and those who were in a "poor social situation" had higher clinical dysfunction index values at the first visit, had more visits to the clinic and required a longer treatment period than others but they did not differ regarding the evaluation of the clinical situation at termination of treatment.
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46
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Carlsson GE, Kopp S, Wedel A. Analysis of background variables in 350 patients with TMJ disorders as reported in self administered questionnaire. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1982; 10:47-51. [PMID: 6949666 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.1982.tb00360.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
All 350 patients referred to the Department of Stomatognathic Physiology during a 4-month period were given a self-administered questionnaire intended to give a review of the patients' history. The questions concerning general somatic and psychic health, education and social conditions are dealt with in this article. Twenty-five percent of the patients, more women than men, considered their general state of health to be impaired or poor. Seventy-two percent of the patients denied having had nervous or psychic disorders while 9% were currently being treated for such symptoms. Patients who had answered with alternatives indicating a "poor social situation" had, for instance, more pain in the face and jaws, poorer general health, more nervous or psychic disorders and more symptoms of TMJ disorders than the other patients. When the influence of education was considered, the patients with low education reported more severe symptoms of TMJ disorders than those with higher education. The general level of somatic and psychic health of the patients in this study did not differ markedly from that of the general population, but a negative influence on the health of the masticatory system of poor social conditions and low educational level could be demonstrated.
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47
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Carlsson GE, Kopp S, Wedel A. [Auto-anamnesis: results of a study of 350 patients with functional bite disorders]. Tandlakartidningen 1981; 73:657-63. [PMID: 6947491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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