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Zhang Y, Belaid M, Luo X, Daci A, Limani R, Mantaj J, Zilbauer M, Nayak K, Vllasaliu D. Probing milk extracellular vesicles for intestinal delivery of RNA therapies. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:406. [PMID: 37924132 PMCID: PMC10623793 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02173-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral delivery remains unattainable for nucleic acid therapies. Many nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems have been investigated for this, but most suffer from poor gut stability, poor mucus diffusion and/or inefficient epithelial uptake. Extracellular vesicles from bovine milk (mEVs) possess desirable characteristics for oral delivery of nucleic acid therapies since they both survive digestion and traverse the intestinal mucosa. RESULTS Using novel tools, we comprehensively examine the intestinal delivery of mEVs, probing whether they could be used as, or inform the design of, nanoparticles for oral nucleic acid therapies. We show that mEVs efficiently translocate across the Caco-2 intestinal model, which is not compromised by treatment with simulated intestinal fluids. For the first time, we also demonstrate transport of mEVs in novel 3D 'apical-out' and monolayer-based human intestinal epithelial organoids (IEOs). Importantly, mEVs loaded with small interfering RNA (siRNA) induced (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, GAPDH) gene silencing in macrophages. Using inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) as an example application, we show that administration of anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) siRNA-loaded mEVs reduced inflammation in a IBD rat model. CONCLUSIONS Together, this work demonstrates that mEVs could either act as natural and safe systems for oral delivery or nucleic acid therapies, or inform the design of synthetic systems for such application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyue Zhang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Mona Belaid
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Xiang Luo
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Armond Daci
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina "Hasan Prishtina", 10000, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Rinë Limani
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina "Hasan Prishtina", 10000, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Julia Mantaj
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, CB1 1PT, UK
| | - Matthias Zilbauer
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Komal Nayak
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Driton Vllasaliu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
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Uka A, Krasniqi D, Beretta G, Daci A. Assessment of In Vitro Airway Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Rhus coriaria L. Fruit Ethanolic Extract and Its Possible Mechanisms. J Med Food 2023; 26:820-830. [PMID: 37902984 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2022.0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhus coriaria L. (Anacardiaceae), also known as Sumac, is commonly used as a spice, flavoring agent, and as a traditional medicinal herb. This includes also the traditional use for treating asthma, catarrh, and common colds. The accumulating evidence supports its cardioprotective, antidiabetic, neuroprotective, anticancer, gastroprotective, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antioxidant, and respiratory effects. However, there are no previous studies that have shown its effects and mechanism in the airway smooth muscle tone, and therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the in vitro pharmacological action of R. coriaria L. extract (RCE) on the rat isolated tracheal and bronchial preparations by exploring its relaxant activity and mechanism of action. The direct relaxant effect of RCE (0.1-0.7 mg/mL) was tested in the rat bronchi and trachea rings precontracted by carbachol (CCh). In addition, the pretreatment with RCE (1 mg/mL) was tested on the bronchial and tracheal reactivity induced by CCh, potassium chloride (KCl), or CaCl2. In addition, the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin and the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), respectively, were used for exploring the mechanisms of RCE-induced relaxation and reduction of reactivity. Our findings demonstrated that RCE induced a concentration-dependent relaxation and a significant reduction of reactivity, significantly reduced with either indomethacin or L-NAME. In addition, RCE decreased the responsiveness to KCl and affected the extracellular Ca2+-induced contraction in the tissues with added CCh or KCl in Ca2+-free Krebs-Henseleit solution. In summary, we have shown that RCE displayed relaxant activities in the in vitro airway smooth muscles, and the possible mechanisms seems to involve the prostaglandin, nitric oxide, and Ca2+ pathways. Taken together, our findings indicate the potential role of RCE in the treatment of respiratory diseases with limited airflow, or obstructive respiratory diseases, and could justify its traditional use in the respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albina Uka
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Donjeta Krasniqi
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Giangiacomo Beretta
- Department of Environmental Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Armond Daci
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
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Rosso C, Arnold RF, Daci A, Grezda K. Incidence rate of injury and injury sites in European and Swiss karate competitions: a prospective epidemiological study of 2404 fights. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2023; 9:e001719. [PMID: 37780128 PMCID: PMC10537823 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To compare the rates and injury sites among competitors in European and Swiss karate tournaments and to identify differences in these incidence rates by sex and age. Methods This prospective cohort study collected data from two European and four national tournaments in Switzerland between 2011 and 2019. The on-site medical staff completed an anonymised report sheet with demographic data and injury characteristics in all injuries requiring medical treatment. The incidence rates per 1000 exposed athletes (AoE) and 1000 min of exposition (MoE) were analysed. Furthermore, the relative risk of injury related to sex and age was calculated and compared. Results In total, 228 injuries were observed in 2404 fights, for an incidence rate of 47.4 per 1000 AoE (95% CI 41.5 to 54.0) or 22.5 injuries per 1000 MoE (95% CI 19.7 to 25.6), respectively. The oldest age group (senior) of both sexes had a 3.6-fold (95% CI 2.7 to 4.8) significantly higher relative risk of injury than younger participants. Furthermore, there was a 2.9-fold (95% CI 1.6 to 5.6) statistically higher risk of injury for males in the senior age group compared with senior females. The most injured body part was the head, followed by the lower extremity, trunk and upper extremity. Conclusion Senior athletes, especially senior males, had significantly more injuries compared with younger and female senior competitors. Medical staff should be aware of the increased propensity for injury among this age and sex group to facilitate injury prevention and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Rosso
- ARTHRO Medics, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roland F Arnold
- ARTHRO Medics, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Armond Daci
- University of Prishtina 'Hasan Prishtina', Prishtina, Albania
| | - Kushtrim Grezda
- ARTHRO Medics, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Jackson WF, Daci A, Thompson JM, Fink GD, Watts SW. 5-HT 7 receptors mediate dilation of rat cremaster muscle arterioles in vivo. Microcirculation 2023; 30:e12808. [PMID: 37204759 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Serotonin (5-HT) infusion in vivo causes hypotension and a fall in total peripheral resistance. However, the vascular segment and the receptors that mediate this response remain in question. We hypothesized that 5-HT7 receptors mediate arteriolar dilation to 5-HT in skeletal muscle microcirculation. METHODS Cremaster muscles of isoflurane-anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats were prepared for in vivo microscopy of third- and fourth-order arterioles and superfused with physiological salt solution at 34°C. Quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR) was applied to pooled samples of first- to third-order cremaster arterioles (2-4 rats/sample) to evaluate 5-HT7 receptor expression. RESULTS Topical 5-HT (1-10 nmols) or the 5-HT1/7 receptor agonist, 5-carboxamidotryptamine (10-30 nM), dilated third- and fourth-order arterioles, responses that were abolished by 1 μM SB269970, a selective 5-HT7 receptor antagonist. In contrast, dilation induced by the muscarinic agonist, methacholine (100 nmols) was not inhibited by SB269970. Serotonin (10 nmols) failed to dilate cremaster arterioles in 5-HT7 receptor knockout rats whereas arterioles in wild-type litter mates dilated to 1 nmol 5-HT, a response blocked by 1 μM SB269970. Quantitative RT-PCR revealed that cremaster arterioles expressed mRNA for 5-HT7 receptors. CONCLUSIONS 5-HT7 receptors mediate dilation of small arterioles in skeletal muscle and likely contribute to 5-HT-induced hypotension, in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- William F Jackson
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Armond Daci
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina "Hasan Prishtina", Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Janice M Thompson
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Gregory D Fink
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Stephanie W Watts
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Nasti R, Orlandini S, Furlanetto S, Casale M, Daci A, Hajdari A, Meneghetti F, Villa S, Mori M, Beretta G. An analytical investigation of hydroxylated cinnamoyl polyamines as biomarkers of commercial bee pollen botanical origin. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: http://doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.16142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Nasti
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy (ESP) University of Milan Via G. Celoria 2 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Serena Orlandini
- Department of Chemistry “U. Schiff” University of Florence Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Florence Italy
| | - Sandra Furlanetto
- Department of Chemistry “U. Schiff” University of Florence Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Florence Italy
| | - Monica Casale
- Department of Pharmacy University of Genova Viale Cembrano, 4 16148 Genova Italy
| | - Armond Daci
- Department of Pharmacy Faculty of Medicine University Hasan Prishtina Pristina Kosovo Albania
| | - Avni Hajdari
- Department of Biology Faculty of Mathematical and Natural Science University of Prishtina Mother Theresa St. 10000 Pristina Kosovo Albania
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Research, University of Prishtina Mother Teresa St. 10000 Pristina Kosovo Albania
| | - Fiorella Meneghetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM) University of Milan Via L. Mangiagalli 25 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Stefania Villa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM) University of Milan Via L. Mangiagalli 25 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Matteo Mori
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM) University of Milan Via L. Mangiagalli 25 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Giangiacomo Beretta
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy (ESP) University of Milan Via G. Celoria 2 20133 Milan Italy
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Nasti R, Orlandini S, Furlanetto S, Casale M, Daci A, Hajdari A, Meneghetti F, Villa S, Mori M, Beretta G. An analytical investigation of hydroxylated cinnamoyl polyamines as biomarkers of commercial bee pollen botanical origin. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.16142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Nasti
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy (ESP) University of Milan Via G. Celoria 2 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Serena Orlandini
- Department of Chemistry “U. Schiff” University of Florence Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Florence Italy
| | - Sandra Furlanetto
- Department of Chemistry “U. Schiff” University of Florence Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Florence Italy
| | - Monica Casale
- Department of Pharmacy University of Genova Viale Cembrano, 4 16148 Genova Italy
| | - Armond Daci
- Department of Pharmacy Faculty of Medicine University Hasan Prishtina Pristina Kosovo Albania
| | - Avni Hajdari
- Department of Biology Faculty of Mathematical and Natural Science University of Prishtina Mother Theresa St. 10000 Pristina Kosovo Albania
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Research, University of Prishtina Mother Teresa St. 10000 Pristina Kosovo Albania
| | - Fiorella Meneghetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM) University of Milan Via L. Mangiagalli 25 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Stefania Villa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM) University of Milan Via L. Mangiagalli 25 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Matteo Mori
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM) University of Milan Via L. Mangiagalli 25 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Giangiacomo Beretta
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy (ESP) University of Milan Via G. Celoria 2 20133 Milan Italy
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Jackson WF, Daci A, Thompson J, Fink GD, Watts SW. 5‐HT
7
Receptors Mediate Dilation of Rat Cremaster Muscle Arterioles
in vivo. FASEB J 2022. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.r3394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Armond Daci
- Pharmacology & ToxicologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI
| | - Janice Thompson
- Pharmacology & ToxicologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI
| | - Gregory D. Fink
- Pharmacology & ToxicologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI
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Grezda K, Jelic M, Daci A, Bytyqi C, Kida Q. Comparison of systemic inflammatory responses of proximal femoral nail versus dynamic hip screw after treatment of patients with pertrochanteric fractures: A prospective comparative study. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc 2021; 55:293-298. [PMID: 34464302 DOI: 10.5152/j.aott.2021.20193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the differences between the induction of early postoperative inflammatory response and muscle tissue injury biomarkers after treatment of pertrochanteric fractures by dynamic hip screw (DHS) or proximal femoral nail (PFN). METHODS In this prospective comparative study, 40 patients with AO-Müller/Orthopaedic Trauma Association (AO/OTA) 31. A1-31.A2 pertrochanteric fractures were enrolled and allocated one of the two groups based on the treatment type: group DHS, (n =20,mean age = 78.4 ± 6.9 years) and group PFN (n = 20, mean age = 77.75 ± 7.0 years). Operation time was recorded in both groups. In each patient, circulating levels of high sensitivity interleukin-6 (hs-IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), and creatine kinase (CK), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)weremeasured fromblood samples collected 1 hour preoperatively and 24 hours postoperatively. RESULTS The operation time was slightly shorter in group PFN than in group DHS (51.9 ± 21.1 and 38 ± 15.2 min, respectively; P = 0.02). DHS and PFN both increased hs-IL-6 (143.81 ± 89.12 and 94.13 ± 67.14, respectively), CRP (98.84 ± 31.81 and 104.4 ± 31.80, respectively), and CK (400.8 ± 31.81 and 250.7 ± 31.80, respectively) 24 hours postoperatively. However, PFN compared to DHS resulted in a lesser increase from baseline to 24 hours postoperatively only in hs IL-6 (58.91 ± 59.02 vs 113.30 ± 76.24, respectively; P = 0.0016) and CK (163.6 ± 123.3 vs 310.0 ± 198.3, respectively; P < 0.0001).Moreover, there was a positive correlation of CK levels' surgery time in DHS (r = 0.38, P = 0.0065) and PFN (r = 0.45, P = 0.0013). CONCLUSION The results of this study have shown that PFN can induce a lower early postoperative inflammatory response and muscle tissue injury based on the assessment of hs-IL-6 and CK levels, compared to DHS in after the treatment patients pertrochanteric fractures. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level II, Therapeutic Study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kushtrim Grezda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital Center Zagreb, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia;Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, University Clinical Center of Kosovo, Prishtina, Kosovo;School of Medicine, University of Gjakova "Fehmi Agani'', Gjakove, Kosovo
| | - Mislav Jelic
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital Center Zagreb, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Armond Daci
- School of Medicine, University of Prishtina "Hasan Prishtina", Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Cen Bytyqi
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, University Clinical Center of Kosovo, Prishtina, Kosovo; School of Medicine, University of Prishtina "Hasan Prishtina", Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Qerim Kida
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, University Clinical Center of Kosovo, Prishtina, Kosovo
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Daci A, Da Dalt L, Alaj R, Shurdhiqi S, Neziri B, Ferizi R, Danilo Norata G, Krasniqi S. Rivaroxaban improves vascular response in LPS-induced acute inflammation in experimental models. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240669. [PMID: 33301454 PMCID: PMC7728205 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rivaroxaban (RVX) was suggested to possess anti-inflammatory and vascular tone modulatory effects. The goal of this study was to investigate whether RVX impacts lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute vascular inflammatory response. Male rats were treated with 5 mg/kg RVX (oral gavage) followed by 10 mg/kg LPS i.p injection. Circulating levels of IL-6, MCP-1, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1 were measured in plasma 6 and 24 hours after LPS injection, while isolated aorta was used for gene expression analysis, immunohistochemistry, and vascular tone evaluation. RVX pre-treatment significantly reduced LPS mediated increase after 6h and 24h for IL-6 (4.4±2.2 and 2.8±1.7 fold), MCP-1 (1.4±1.5 and 1.3±1.4 fold) VCAM-1 (1.8±2.0 and 1.7±2.1 fold). A similar trend was observed in the aorta for iNOS (5.5±3.3 and 3.3±1.9 folds reduction, P<0.01 and P<0.001, respectively), VCAM-1 (1.3±1.2 and 1.4±1.3 fold reduction, P<0.05), and MCP-1 (3.9±2.2 and 1.9±1.6 fold reduction, P<0.01). Moreover, RVX pre-treatment, improved LPS-induced PE contractile dysfunction in aortic rings (Control vs LPS, Emax reduction = 35.4 and 31.19%, P<0.001; Control vs LPS+RVX, Emax reduction = 10.83 and 11.48%, P>0.05, respectively), resulting in 24.5% and 19.7% change in maximal constriction in LPS and LPS+RVX respectively. These data indicate that RVX pre-treatment attenuates LPS-induced acute vascular inflammation and contractile dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armond Daci
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Lorenzo Da Dalt
- Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Rame Alaj
- Cardiovascular Surgery Clinic, University Clinical Center of Kosovo, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Shpejtim Shurdhiqi
- Cardiovascular Surgery Clinic, University Clinical Center of Kosovo, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Burim Neziri
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Rrahman Ferizi
- Department of Premedical Courses-Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Giuseppe Danilo Norata
- Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Centro SISA per lo Studio dell’Aterosclerosi, Ospedale Bassini, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy
| | - Shaip Krasniqi
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
- * E-mail:
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Halimi V, Daci A, Ridova N, Panovska-Stavridis I, Stevanovic M, Filipce V, Dimovski A, Grozdanova A. The use of remdesivir outside of clinical trials during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Pharm Policy Pract 2020; 13:61. [PMID: 32968487 PMCID: PMC7503054 DOI: 10.1186/s40545-020-00258-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
With a scientific background from filoviruses, paramyxoviruses, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV, remdesivir entered into the COVID-19 battle to become one of the favorable therapeutic candidates with potential antiviral activity in the treatment of this disease. Globally, remdesivir was accessed and investigated through clinical research (clinical trials) and clinical practice (compassionate use, expanded access, early access scheme, and emergency use). Currently, remdesivir approval status differs between states. This paper aims to review and analyze regulatory approaches for accessing and investigating remdesivir, by communicating regulatory variability between countries in terms of terminology, modalities, and protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesa Halimi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Armond Daci
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Nevenka Ridova
- University Clinic of Hematology, Medical Faculty, University Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Irina Panovska-Stavridis
- University Clinic of Hematology, Medical Faculty, University Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Milena Stevanovic
- University Clinic of Infection Diseases and Febrile Conditions, Medical Faculty, University Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Venko Filipce
- University Clinic for Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, University Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Aleksandar Dimovski
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Aleksandra Grozdanova
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia
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Krasniqi S, Neziri B, Jakupi A, Shurdhaj I, Daci A, Jupolli-Krasniqi N, Pira M. Tuberculosis drug safety and pharmacovigilance in health system of Kosova: A cross-sectional analysis. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2020; 29:1037-1045. [PMID: 32770586 DOI: 10.1002/pds.5076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant worldwide social and life-threatening epidemiological problem. Because this disease requires multiple drug treatment and prolonged therapy for several months, followed by a high probability of adverse effects (AEs), we assessed AE monitoring for anti-TB drugs in the Health Care System of Kosova. METHODS This survey was a cross-sectional analysis performed at the primary, secondary and tertiary health care levels in Kosova. We included 930 registered tuberculosis patients within three levels of this health system in our study. Furthermore, we interviewed 62 physicians and 71 nurses at TB health facilities. Data were collected from official TB registers and personal contact with patients for 12 months. RESULTS The representative age group was 19 to 29 years (30.49%), followed by a group of patients aged >60 years (23.23%). Among 930 patients treated with TB drugs, the total incidence of adverse AEs was 29.03%. Female TB patients had a higher rate of AEs than did male patients (33.56% vs 28.84%, respectively). The highest incidence of registered AEs was recorded in the gastrointestinal system (270, 80.83%), followed by the central nervous system (CNS, 7.50%) and was lower in other organ systems. The reporting of anti-TB drug effects by medical staff (TB medical doctor and TB medical nurse) at different levels of TB medical settings occurred among 62.90% of medical doctors and 81.69% of nurses. Only 53.23% of medical doctors and 46.48% of nurses completed pharmacovigilance training. CONCLUSION The pharmacovigilance approach in Health System of Kosova is not comprehensible and not systematic. The relatively low incidence of AEs among TB patients is due under reporting of these by medical staff. The knowledge, attitudes, and adherence of medical staff reveal low awareness for pharmacovigilance activities, and this concern should be addressed to reinforce this important issue for the safe treatment of TB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaip Krasniqi
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina "Hasan Prishtina", Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Burim Neziri
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina "Hasan Prishtina", Prishtina, Kosovo
| | | | | | - Armond Daci
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina "Hasan Prishtina", Prishtina, Kosovo
| | | | - Mimoza Pira
- Health Agency for Development - HAD, Prishtina, Kosovo
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Halimi V, Daci A, Stojanovska S, Panovska-Stavridis I, Stevanovic M, Filipce V, Grozdanova A. Current regulatory approaches for accessing potential COVID-19 therapies. J Pharm Policy Pract 2020; 13:16. [PMID: 32454981 PMCID: PMC7229878 DOI: 10.1186/s40545-020-00222-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This commentary aims to elaborate challenges in the regulatory approaches for accessing and investigating COVID-19 potential therapies either with off-label use, compassionate use, emergency use or for clinical trials. Since no therapies have been formally approved and completely effective and safe to date, the best clinical choice is acquired only after consistent and fair communication and collaboration between licensed clinicians, researchers, regulatory authorities, manufacturers and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesa Halimi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Armond Daci
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Simona Stojanovska
- University Clinic of Hematology, Medical Faculty, University Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Irina Panovska-Stavridis
- University Clinic of Hematology, Medical Faculty, University Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Milena Stevanovic
- University Clinic of Infection diseases and febrile conditions, Medical Faculty, University Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Venko Filipce
- University Clinic for Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, University Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, North Macedonia
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13
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Daci A, Ozen G, Karaman EF, Teskin O, Caglayan M, Celik Z, Ozden S, Dashwood M, Uydes Dogan BS, Topal G. In Vitro Effects of Eicosapentaenoic and Docosahexaenoic Acid on the Vascular Tone of a Human Saphenous Vein: Influence of Precontractile Agents. Ann Vasc Surg 2019; 64:318-327. [PMID: 31634596 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2019.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have been widely reported. However, there are limited studies concerning their effects on human blood vessels. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the direct vascular effects of EPA and DHA on the human saphenous vein (SV) precontracted with either prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), or thromboxane A2 analogue (U46619), or norepinephrine (NE). Moreover, we aimed to investigate the protein expression of free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFAR4) in human SV. METHODS Pretreatment of human SV rings with EPA and DHA (100 μM, 30 min) was tested on vascular reactivity induced by PGF2α (10 nM to 5 μM), NE (10 nM to 100 μM), and U46619 (1 nM to 100 nM). In addition, direct relaxant effects of EPA/DHA (1-100 μM) were tested in human SV rings precontracted by PGF2α, NE, and U46619. Furthermore, the involvement of potassium channels on their vascular effects was investigated in the presence of the nonselective K+ channel inhibitor tetraethylammonium chloride. RESULTS Pretreatment with EPA and DHA resulted in a significant decrease in vascular reactivity induced by U46619 and PGF2α compared to NE. In the presence of TEA, the relaxant effects of EPA and DHA were significantly decreased in SV preparations precontracted by U46619 and PGF2α for DHA. Furthermore, FFAR-4 protein was expressed in tissue extracts of human SV. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that both EPA and DHA reduce the increased vascular tone elicited by contractile agents on the human SV and that the direct vasorelaxant effect is likely to involve potassium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armond Daci
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gulsev Ozen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ecem Fatma Karaman
- Department of Pharmecutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Onder Teskin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mine Caglayan
- Department of Pharmecutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Celik
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sibel Ozden
- Department of Pharmecutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mick Dashwood
- Surgical and Interventional Sciences, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College Medical School, London, UK
| | - B Sonmez Uydes Dogan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gokce Topal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Elshani B, Kotori V, Daci A. Role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in gestational diabetes, maternal and fetal insights: current use and future directions. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2019; 34:124-136. [PMID: 30857450 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2019.1593361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
ω-3-Polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) are widely used during pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). ω-3 PUFAs are beneficial in the regulation of maternal and fetal metabolic function, inflammation, immunity, macrosomia (MAC), oxidative stress, preeclampsia, intrauterine growth, preterm birth, offspring metabolic function, and neurodevelopment. Dietary counseling is vital for improving therapeutic outcomes in patients with GDM. In maternal circulation, ω-3 PUFAs are transported via transporters, synthesis enzymes, and intracellular proteins, which activate nuclear receptors and play central roles in the cellular metabolic processes of placental trophoblasts. In patients with GDM, this process is compromised due to abnormal functioning of the placenta, which disrupts the normal mother to fetus transport. This results in reduced fetal levels of ω-3 PUFAs, which contributes negatively to fetal growth, metabolic function, and development. Dietary counseling and nutritional assessment remain challenging in the prevention and alleviation of GDM. Therefore, personalized approaches, including measurement of the ω-3 index, pharmacogenetic implementation strategies, and appropriate supplementation with ω-3 PUFAs are used to achieve sufficient distribution in the maternal and fetal fluids during the entire pregnancy period. Developing new dosing guidelines and personalized approaches, determining the mechanisms of ω-3 PUFAs in the placenta, and examining the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetics interactions involving ω-3 PUFAs will lead to better management and increase the quality of life of patients with GDM and their offspring. Moreover, different strategies for supplementing with ω-3 PUFAs, improving their placental transport, and pharmacological exploration of the maternal-fetal interactions will help to further elucidate the role of ω-3 PUFAs in women with GDM. In this review, we summarize the current information on the potential therapeutic benefits and clinical applicability of ω-3 PUFAs in patients with GDM and their offspring, highlighting recent progress and future perspectives in this field. Studies investigating the mechanisms of ω-3 PUFA transport to targeted tissues have spurred an interest in personalized treatment strategies for patients with GDM and their offspring. To implement such therapies, we need to clarify the index/ratio of ω-3 PUFAs in maternal and fetal fluids, delineate the ω-3 PUFA transport pathways, and establish the guidelines for FA profiling prepregnancy and during pregnancy-associated weight gain. Such therapies also need to take into account the gender of the fetus, and whether the patient is obese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brikene Elshani
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Vjosa Kotori
- Department of Endocrinology, Pediatric Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Armond Daci
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
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Krasniqi S, Daci A. Role of the Angiotensin Pathway and its Target Therapy in Epilepsy Management. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030726. [PMID: 30744022 PMCID: PMC6386974 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive research on epileptogenesis, there is still a need to investigate new pathways and targeted therapeutic approaches in this complex process. Inflammation, oxidative stress, neurotoxicity, neural cell death, gliosis, and blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction are the most common causes of epileptogenesis. Moreover, the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) affects the brain’s physiological and pathological conditions, including epilepsy and its consequences. While there are a variety of available pharmacotherapeutic approaches, information on new pathways is in high demand and the achievement of treatment goals is greatly desired. Therefore, targeting the RAS presents an interesting opportunity to better understand this process. This has been supported by preclinical studies, primarily based on RAS enzyme, receptor-inhibition, and selective agonists, which are characterized by pleiotropic properties. Although there are some antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) that interfere with RAS, the main targeted therapy of this pathway contributes in synergy with AEDs. However, the RAS-targeted treatment alone, or in combination with AEDs, requires clinical studies to contribute to, and clarify, the evidence on epilepsy management. There is also a genetic association between RAS and epilepsy, and an involvement of pharmacogenetics in RAS, so there are possibilities for the development of new diagnostic and personalized treatments for epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaip Krasniqi
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo.
| | - Armond Daci
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo.
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Daci A, Bozalija A, Cavolli R, Alaj R, Beretta G, Krasniqi S. Pharmacotherapy Evaluation and Utilization in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Patients in Kosovo during the Period 2016-2017. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2018; 6:498-505. [PMID: 29610608 PMCID: PMC5874373 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2018.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) is realised in patients with critical or advanced disease of coronary arteries. There are different pharmacotherapeutic approaches which are used as management, treatment and preventive therapy in cardiovascular disease or related comorbidities. Performing a successful surgery, pharmacotherapy, and increase of bypass patency rate remains a serious challenge. AIM: This study aims to analyse the patient characteristics undergoing CABG and evaluation of their drug utilisation rate and daily dosages in the perioperative period. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data were collected from 102 patients in the period 2016-2017 and detailed therapeutic prescription and dosages, patient characteristics were analysed before the operation, after the operation and visit after operation in the Clinic of Cardiac surgery-University Clinical Center of Kosovo. RESULTS: Our findings had shown that patients provided to have normal biochemical parameters in the clinic before the operation, and were related to cardiovascular diseases and comorbidities and risk factors with mainly elective intervention. The, however, higher utilisation of cardiovascular drugs such as beta blockers, diuretics, anticoagulants, statins and lower calcium blockers, ACEi, ARBs, hydrochlorothiazide, amiodarone were founded. ARBs, beta blockers, statins, nitrates and nadroparin utilisation decreased after operation and visit after the operation, whereas amiodarone only in the visit after the operation. Diuretics are increased after the operation which decreases in the visit after the operation. Regarding the daily dosage, only metoprolol was increased in the visit after operation (P < 0.001) and visit after operation (P < 0.05) whereas losartan and furosemide were increased (P < 0.01) and (P < 0.05) respectively. CONCLUSION: The study showed that beta blockers, statins, aspirin, nitrates (before the operation), furosemide and spironolactone are the most utilised drugs. However, we found low utilisation rate for ACEi, ARBs, clopidogrel, nadroparin, warfarin, xanthines, amiodarone, calcium blockers. Daily dosages were different compared to before CABG only in metoprolol, losartan, and furosemide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armond Daci
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Adnan Bozalija
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Raif Cavolli
- Cardiovascular Surgery Clinic, University Clinical Center of Kosovo, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Rame Alaj
- Cardiovascular Surgery Clinic, University Clinical Center of Kosovo, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Giangiacomo Beretta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Shaip Krasniqi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
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17
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Elshani B, Arifi H, Daci A. Microperforated Hymen Presenting Spontaneous Pregnancy with Cesarean Delivery and Hymenotomy Surgery: A Case Report. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2018; 6:528-530. [PMID: 29610613 PMCID: PMC5874378 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2018.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Female genital tract anomalies including imperforate hymen affect sexual life and fertility. CASE PRESENTATION: In the present case, we describe a pregnant woman diagnosed with imperforate hymen which never had penetrative vaginal sex. A 27–year-old married patient with 2 months of amenorrhea presented in a clinic without any other complications. Her history of difficult intercourse and prolonged menstrual flow were reported, and subsequent vaginal examination confirmed the diagnosis of imperforate hymen even though she claims to made pinhole surgery in hymen during puberty. Her urine pregnancy test was positive, and an ultrasound examination revealed 8.3 weeks pregnant. The pregnancy was followed up to 39.5 weeks when she entered in cesarean delivery in urgency. Due to perioperative complications in our study, a concomitant hymenotomy was successfully performed. The patient was discharged with the baby, and vaginal anatomy was restored. CONCLUSIONS: This case study suggests that even though as microperforated hymen surgery in puberty can permit pregnancy and intervention with cesarean section and hymenotomy is a good option to reduce the resulting perioperative complications which indirectly affect the increase of the fertilisation and improvement of later sexual life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brikene Elshani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Heroid Arifi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Armond Daci
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
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18
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Bukleta D, Krasniqi S, Beretta G, Daci A, Nila A, Komoni T, Selmani M, Elshani B, Schara R. Impact of combined non-surgical and surgical periodontal treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus-a preliminary report randomized clinical study. Biomed Res 2018. [DOI: 10.4066/biomedicalresearch.29-17-644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Krasniqi S, Versporten A, Jakupi A, Raka D, Daci A, Krasniqi V, Deva Z, Rashiti A, Brajshori N, Hajdari S, Bytyqi J, Neziri B, Goossens H, Raka L. Antibiotic utilisation in adult and children patients in Kosovo hospitals. Eur J Hosp Pharm 2017; 26:146-151. [PMID: 31428322 DOI: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2017-001363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives There are no reliable data on antibiotic use in Kosovo hospitals. The aim of this survey was to monitor volumes and patterns of antibiotic use in hospitalised patients in order to identify targets for quality improvement. Methods Data on antimicrobial use were collected from seven hospitals in Kosovo during 2013 using the standardised point prevalence survey (PPS) methodology as developed by the ESAC (European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption) and ARPEC (Antibiotic Resistance and Prescribing in European Children). The survey included all inpatients receiving an antimicrobial agent on the day of the PPS. Results Overall, 1667 patients were included in the study: adults 1345 (81%) and children 322 (19%). Of the hospital inpatients, 579/1345 (43%) adults and 188/322 (58%) children received at least one antibiotic during a hospital stay. The top three antibacterial subgroups (ATC level 3) were β-lactam antibiotics, cephalosporins and aminoglycosides. In all hospital centres, the most commonly prescribed antibiotic was ceftriaxone (39% for adult and 36% for children). Antibiotics were administered mainly parenterally in 74% of adults and 94% of children. Empirical prescribing was higher in adults 498/579 (86%) and children 181/188 (96%), compared with targeted treatment based on susceptibility testing-81 (14%) and 8 (4%), respectively. Conclusions Antibiotic use in Kosovo's hospitals is very high. Gathered data will be an important tool to identify targets for quality improvement and will support preparation of guidelines and protocols for the prudent use of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaip Krasniqi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Ann Versporten
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Arianit Jakupi
- Kosovo Medicine Agency, Ministry of Health of Kosovo, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Denis Raka
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Armond Daci
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Valon Krasniqi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Zana Deva
- Institute of Microbiology, National Institute of Public Health of Kosovo, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Albiona Rashiti
- Institute of Microbiology, National Institute of Public Health of Kosovo, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Naime Brajshori
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Shefqet Hajdari
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Jetëmira Bytyqi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Burim Neziri
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Herman Goossens
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lul Raka
- Institute of Microbiology, National Institute of Public Health of Kosovo, Prishtina, Kosovo.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
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20
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Daci A, Özen G, Uyar İ, Civelek E, Yildirim FİA, Durman DK, Teskin Ö, Norel X, Uydeş-Doğan BS, Topal G. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids reduce vascular tone and inflammation in human saphenous vein. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2017; 133:29-34. [PMID: 28838848 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Dietary intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), has been reported to have beneficial cardiovascular effects. However, little is known about the effect of EPA and DHA on human vascular tone. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of EPA and DHA on vascular tone of the human saphenous vein (SV) obtained from patients undergoing coronary bypass operation under normal and inflammatory conditions. Moreover, we aimed to investigate the effect of EPA and DHA on the release of inflammatory mediators from SV. Pretreatment of SV with EPA and DHA (100μM, 18h) decreased the contractile response of SV to norepinephrine (NE) under normal and inflammatory conditions. Moreover, EPA and DHA pretreatment diminished increased Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) release from SV under inflammatory conditions. In conclusion, our results suggest that EPA and DHA pretreatment may be beneficial to counteract graft vasospasm and vascular inflammation in SV which are important factors in graft failure development. Therefore, dietary intake of EPA and DHA may have potential clinical applications in improving coronary bypass graft patency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armond Daci
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gülsev Özen
- INSERM, U1148, CHU. Bichat, Paris, 75018, France
| | - İmran Uyar
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erkan Civelek
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - F İlkay Alp Yildirim
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Deniz Kaleli Durman
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Önder Teskin
- Biruni University, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Xavier Norel
- INSERM, U1148, CHU. Bichat, Paris, 75018, France; University Paris Nord, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, UMR-S1148, Paris, 75018, France
| | - B Sönmez Uydeş-Doğan
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gökce Topal
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey.
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21
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Ozen G, Gomez I, Daci A, Deschildre C, Boubaya L, Teskin O, Uydeş-Doğan BS, Jakobsson PJ, Longrois D, Topal G, Norel X. Inhibition of microsomal PGE synthase-1 reduces human vascular tone by increasing PGI 2 : a safer alternative to COX-2 inhibition. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:4087-4098. [PMID: 28675448 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The side effects of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors on the cardiovascular system could be associated with reduced prostaglandin (PG)I2 synthesis. Microsomal PGE synthase-1 (mPGES-1) catalyses the formation of PGE2 from COX-derived PGH2 . This enzyme is induced under inflammatory conditions and constitutes an attractive target for novel anti-inflammatory drugs. However, it is not known whether mPGES-1 inhibitors could be devoid of cardiovascular side effects. The aim of this study was to compare, in vitro, the effects of mPGES-1 and COX-2 inhibitors on vascular tone in human blood vessels. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The vascular tone and prostanoid release from internal mammary artery (IMA) and saphenous vein (SV) incubated for 30 min with inhibitors of mPGES-1 or COX-2 were investigated under normal and inflammatory conditions. KEY RESULTS In inflammatory conditions, mPGES-1 and COX-2 proteins were more expressed, and increased levels of PGE2 and PGI2 were released. COX-2 and NOS inhibitors increased noradrenaline induced vascular contractions in IMA under inflammatory conditions while no effect was observed in SV. Interestingly, the mPGES-1 inhibitor significantly reduced (30-40%) noradrenaline-induced contractions in both vessels. This effect was reversed by an IP (PGI2 receptor) antagonist but not modified by NOS inhibition. Moreover, PGI2 release was increased with the mPGES-1 inhibitor and decreased with the COX-2 inhibitor, while both inhibitors reduced PGE2 release. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS In contrast to COX-2 inhibition, inhibition of mPGES-1 reduced vasoconstriction by increasing PGI2 synthesis. Targeting mPGES-1 could provide a lower risk of cardiovascular side effects, compared with those of the COX-2 inhibitors. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Targeting Inflammation to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease Risk. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.22/issuetoc and http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bcp.v82.4/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulsev Ozen
- INSERM U1148, Paris, France.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ingrid Gomez
- INSERM U1148, Paris, France.,Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Armond Daci
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | - Onder Teskin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Aile Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - B Sonmez Uydeş-Doğan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Per-Johan Jakobsson
- Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute and Unit of Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dan Longrois
- INSERM U1148, Paris, France.,AP-HP CHU X. Bichat, Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, UMR-S1148, Paris, France
| | - Gokce Topal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Xavier Norel
- INSERM U1148, Paris, France.,University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, UMR-S1148, Paris, France
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22
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Daci A, Neziri B, Krasniqi S, Cavolli R, Alaj R, Norata GD, Beretta G. Arctigenin improves vascular tone and decreases inflammation in human saphenous vein. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 810:51-56. [PMID: 28603045 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to test the effects of bioactive phenylpropanoid dibenzylbutyrolactone lignan arctigenin (ATG) in vascular tone. Human bypass graft vessel, from a saphenous vein (SV), were set up in organ bath system and contracted with potassium chloride (KCl, 40mM). Two concentration-response curves of noradrenaline (NE) (10nM-100μM) separated with an incubation period of 30min without (Control) or with ATG (3-100μM) were established. Inhibitors of nitric oxide, prostaglandins, K+ related channels or calcium influx were used to delineate the molecular mechanisms beyond ATG effects. To investigate anti-inflammatory actions, SV were treated with 10μM or 100μM ATG and incubated for 18h in the absence or presence of both interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic the physiological or inflamed tissue conditions. Proatherogenic and inflammatory mediators İnterleukine-1 beta (IL-1β), Monocyte Chemoattractant Proteine-1 (MCP-1), Tumor Necrosis Factor- α (TNF-α), İnterleukine-6 (IL-6), Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and İnterleukine-8 (IL-8) in the supernatant were measured. ATG significantly decreased vascular contractile response to NE. Moreover, it reduced contractions induced by KCl and cumulative addition of CaCl2. The mediators were significantly increased in inflammatory conditions compared to normal conditions, an effect which was inhibited by ATG (10 and 100µM). ATG reduces contractions in SV and decreases the production of proinflammatory-proatherogenic mediators, setting the stage for further evaluating the effect of ATG in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armond Daci
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Burim Neziri
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Shaip Krasniqi
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo.
| | - Raif Cavolli
- Cardiovascular Surgery Clinic, University Clinical Center of Kosovo, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Rame Alaj
- Cardiovascular Surgery Clinic, University Clinical Center of Kosovo, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Giuseppe Danilo Norata
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Giangiacomo Beretta
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Neziri B, Daci A, Krasniqi S, Sopi R, Haxhiu MA. The impact of bilateral vagotomy on the physostigmine-induced airway constriction in ferrets. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2017; 242:102-107. [PMID: 28445778 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Vagal innervations have a great role in the respiratory function and are the main route of signal transmission from respiratory neural centers into the trachea and others conducting airways. We have investigated the role of central mechanisms related to vagal neural pathways and the cholinergic outflow in tracheobronchial smooth muscle tone and lung mechanics parameters. Parameters of lung mechanics such as lung resistance (RL), dynamic compliance (Cdyn) and pressure in bypassed tracheal segment (Ptseg) were measured before and after vagotomy and asphyxia test. Before vagotomy (BV), the control measurements were obtained and physostigmine was administered systemically, in increasing dose 10, 40 and 100μg/kg body weight (bw) with 15min interval between doses. After vagotomy (AV), administration of physostigmine with the same doses as BV has been done and the asphyxia challenge was conducted as per study protocol. The values of Ptseg and RL after physostigmine administration, BV vs. AV, respectively, at maximal dose of 100μg/kg bw were 32.5±3.3cm H2O, and 10.6±1.5cm H2O (p<0.0001); 0.16±0.04cm H2O/mL/s, and 0.067±0.006cm H2O/mL/s AV (P<0.05). The Cydn values were affected after physostigmine administration only at the lowest dose of 10μg/kg bw, and BV was 0.75±0.05mL/cm H2O vs. 0.53±0.04mL/cm H2O AV (P<0.004). Cholinergic outflow produced increases in tracheal tone, lung resistance and a decrease in dynamic compliance before, but not after vagotomy. Our results show the high impact of central neuronal mechanism in parameters of lung mechanics and respiration. This study indicates that vagal nerves have a crucial role, in the transmission of impulses initiated from central nervous system, in regulating the respiration by contraction or relaxation of airway smooth muscle tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burim Neziri
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty, University of Prishtina "Hasan Prishtina", 10 000 Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Armond Daci
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Faculty, University of Prishtina "Hasan Prishtina", 10 000 Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Shaip Krasniqi
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University of Prishtina "Hasan Prishtina", 10 000 Prishtina, Kosovo.
| | - Ramadan Sopi
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty, University of Prishtina "Hasan Prishtina", 10 000 Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Musa A Haxhiu
- Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Dept. of Pediatrics, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Bochkov V, Schoenenberger AW, Oskolkova O, Toth U, Stöckl J, Majdic O, Daci A, Resink TJ, Erne P, Philippova M. Novel immune assay for quantification of plasma protective capacity against oxidized phospholipids. Biomark Med 2016; 10:797-810. [DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2016-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Oxidized phospholipids (OxPL) are the major pathogenic component of oxidized low-density lipoproteins (OxLDL). Endogenous anti-OxPL activity, defined as the ability to neutralize adverse effects of oxidized lipids, may have biomarker potential. Methods & results: Using two anti-OxPL monoclonal antibodies (commercial mAB-E06 and custom mAB-509) we developed a novel ELISA that measures the global capacity of plasma to inactivate OxPL. Preincubation of OxLDL with plasma inhibits its binding of anti-OxPL mABs. This phenomenon (‘masking’) reflects anti-OxPL plasma activity. A pilot clinical application of the assay revealed reduced anti-OxPL activity in hypertension, coronary artery disease, acute coronary syndrome and diabetes. Conclusion: Inadequate anti-OxPL protection may contribute to cardiovascular disease and have biomarker potential in conditions associated with abnormal lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery Bochkov
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas W Schoenenberger
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital & University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Olga Oskolkova
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Austria
| | - Ursula Toth
- Department of Vascular Biology & Thombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Stöckl
- Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Otto Majdic
- Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Armond Daci
- Department of Vascular Biology & Thombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Thérèse J Resink
- Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paul Erne
- Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maria Philippova
- Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
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Loshaj-Shala A, Regazzoni L, Daci A, Orioli M, Brezovska K, Panovska AP, Beretta G, Suturkova L. Guillain Barré syndrome (GBS): new insights in the molecular mimicry between C. jejuni and human peripheral nerve (HPN) proteins. J Neuroimmunol 2015; 289:168-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Daci A, Beretta G, Vllasaliu D, Shala A, Govori V, Norata GD, Krasniqi S. Polymorphic Variants of SCN1A and EPHX1 Influence Plasma Carbamazepine Concentration, Metabolism and Pharmacoresistance in a Population of Kosovar Albanian Epileptic Patients. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142408. [PMID: 26555147 PMCID: PMC4640545 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of gene variants in key genes influencing pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic of carbamazepine (CBZ) on the response in patients with epilepsy. Materials & Methods Five SNPs in two candidate genes influencing CBZ transport and metabolism, namely ABCB1 or EPHX1, and CBZ response SCN1A (sodium channel) were genotyped in 145 epileptic patients treated with CBZ as monotherapy and 100 age and sex matched healthy controls. Plasma concentrations of CBZ, carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide (CBZE) and carbamazepine-10,11-trans dihydrodiol (CBZD) were determined by HPLC-UV-DAD and adjusted for CBZ dosage/kg of body weight. Results The presence of the SCN1A IVS5-91G>A variant allele is associated with increased epilepsy susceptibility. Furthermore, carriers of the SCN1A IVS5-91G>A variant or of EPHX1 c.337T>C variant presented significantly lower levels of plasma CBZ compared to carriers of the common alleles (0.71±0.28 vs 1.11±0.69 μg/mL per mg/Kg for SCN1A IVS5-91 AA vs GG and 0.76±0.16 vs 0.94±0.49 μg/mL per mg/Kg for EPHX1 c.337 CC vs TT; P<0.05 for both). Carriers of the EPHX1 c.416A>G showed a reduced microsomal epoxide hydrolase activity as reflected by a significantly decreased ratio of CBZD to CBZ (0.13±0.08 to 0.26±0.17, p<0.05) also of CBZD to CBZE (1.74±1.06 to 3.08±2.90; P<0.05) and CDRCBZD (0.13±0.08 vs 0.24±0.19 μg/mL per mg/Kg; P<0.05). ABCB1 3455C>T SNP and SCN1A 3148A>G variants were not associated with significant changes in CBZ pharmacokinetic. Patients resistant to CBZ treatment showed increased dosage of CBZ (657±285 vs 489±231 mg/day; P<0.001) but also increased plasma levels of CBZ (9.84±4.37 vs 7.41±3.43 μg/mL; P<0.001) compared to patients responsive to CBZ treatment. CBZ resistance was not related to any of the SNPs investigated. Conclusions The SCN1A IVS5-91G>A SNP is associated with susceptibility to epilepsy. SNPs in EPHX1 gene are influencing CBZ metabolism and disposition. CBZ plasma levels are not an indicator of resistance to the therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armond Daci
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giangiacomo Beretta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Driton Vllasaliu
- University of Lincoln, School of Pharmacy, Joseph Banks Laboratories, Green Lane, Lincoln, LN6 7DL, United Kingdom
| | - Aida Shala
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Valbona Govori
- Neurology Clinic, University Clinical Center of Kosova, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Giuseppe Danilo Norata
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Ospedale Bassini, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy
| | - Shaip Krasniqi
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
- * E-mail:
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Daci A, Gold-Binder M, Garzon D, Patea A, Beretta G. Standardization of Solvent Extracts from Onopordum acanthium Fruits by GC-MS, HPLC-UV/DAD, HPLC-TQMS and 1H-NMR and Evaluation of their Inhibitory Effects on the Expression of IL-8 and E-selectin in Immortalized Endothelial Cells (HUVECtert). Nat Prod Commun 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1400900716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work we have characterized and standardized the solvent extracts of the fruits of Onopordum acanthium, a plant widely distributed from Europe to Asia and used in different traditional medicines. Fruits were extracted with methanol (ME) and n-hexane (HE) and the extract compositions determined by GC-MS, HPLC-UV/DAD, HPLC-TQMS and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Anti-inflammatory activity (IL-8 and E-selectin, qPCR and ELISA) was investigated in HUVECtert cells stimulated with TNF-α and LPS. Arctiin and isochlorogenic acid were found in ME (87±2%, w/w, and 10.2±0.2%, w/w; 38.0±3.2 mg/gFRUITS and 3.5 ± 0.4 mg/gFRUITS) and (ii) paraffins in the HE (195.6 ± 5.6 mg/g). A dose dependent (from 15 to 40 μgME/mL corresponding to 20–75 μM arctiin) inhibition of E-selectin and of the induction of IL-8 was induced by LPS. The results of this study support the use of O. acanthium fruits in traditional medicine as an anti-inflammatory agent and for cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armond Daci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Prishtina, Pristina, Kosovo
| | - Markus Gold-Binder
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Davide Garzon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessio Patea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Daci A, Gold-Binder M, Garzon D, Patea A, Beretta G. Standardization of solvent extracts from Onopordum acanthium fruits by GC-MS, HPLC-UV/DAD, HPLC-TQMS and 1H-NMR and evaluation of their inhibitory effects on the expression of IL-8 and E-selectin in immortalized endothelial cells (HUVECtert). Nat Prod Commun 2014; 9:945-948. [PMID: 25230500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work we have characterized and standardized the solvent extracts of the fruits of Onopordum acanthium, a plant widely distributed from Europe to Asia and used in different traditional medicines. Fruits were extracted with methanol (ME) and n-hexane (HE) and the extract compositions determined by GC-MS, HPLC-UV/DAD, HPLC-TQMS and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Anti-inflammatory activity (IL-8 and E-selectin, qPCR and ELISA) was investigated in HUVECtert cells stimulated with TNF-alpha and LPS. Arctiin and isochlorogenic acid were found in ME (87 +/- 2%, w/w, and 10.2 +/- 0.2%, w/w; 38.0 +/- 3.2 mg/gFRUITS and 3.5 +/- 0.4 mg/gFRUITS) and (ii) paraffins in the HE (195.6 +/- 5.6 mg/g). A dose dependent (from 15 to 40 microgME/mL corresponding to 20-75 microM arctiin) inhibition of E-selectin and of the induction of IL-8 was induced by LPS. The results of this study support the use of O. acanthium fruits in traditional medicine as an anti-inflammatory agent and for cancer prevention and treatment.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND GDM is a condition in which women without previously diagnosed diabetes exhibit high blood glucose levels during pregnancy. Pregnancy causes some insulin resistance in all women, but only a few develop GDM. OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that women with GDM have impaired regulation of blood iron storage and transport, decreased renal function due to decreased glomerular filtration rate and occurrence of urinary tract infection (UTI). STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Incidence of blood iron storage was investigated in n=30 pregnant kosovar women with GDM after mild of pregnancy and in n=30 pregnant women without GDM (years 2010-2012). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Baby weights, both systolic and diastolic BP, creatinine, albumin, lymphocytes, monocytes, WBC and granulocytes in both groups were within their normal ranges in both groups. Compared to control group, glucose was higher in women with GDM (mean +/- SD: 7.43 +/- 2.23 mg/dL vs. 4.33 +/- 0.63 mg/dL; P < 0.001). Women with GDM had also higher RBC (mean +/- SD: 4.4 +/- 0.8% vs. 3.8 +/- 0.3%; P < 0.005) and HGB (mean +/- SD: 13.0 +/- 3.2 g/dL vs. 11.2 +/- 1.4 mg/dL; P < 0.05), and decreased renal functionality (MDRD-GFR: 92.8 +/- 25.8 g/dL vs. 108.2 +/- 38.2 g/dL; P < .05). CONCLUSION There is a potential association between iron status and GDM. The role of iron from diet and/or from supplementation in GDM pathogenesis needs still to be examined. In addition we have observed a decrease of glomerular filtration rate in women with GDM. Due to the lack of studies on the relationships between GDM and UTI, and to the retrospective design of the present investigation, it is difficult to establish whether UTI may be a GDM causal factor or a consequence of GDM symptoms, signs and/or of its correlated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armond Daci
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Republic of Kosovo.
| | - Brikene Elshani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Beretta Giangiacomo
- Gynecological Clinic of Kosovo (Qendra Klinike Universitare e Kosovës, QKUK), University Clinical Center of Kosovo, Prishtina, Republic of Kosovo
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Elshani B, Daci A, Gashi S, Lulaj S. The incidence of caesarean sections in the university clinical center of kosovo. Acta Inform Med 2013; 20:244-8. [PMID: 23378692 PMCID: PMC3558290 DOI: 10.5455/aim.2012.20.244-248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: As in most countries of the world also at Kosovo the rate of Cesarean section from year to year is increasing. Aim: The main purpose of this paper was to present the incidence of births completed by Caesarean section at the Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics of University Clinical Center of Kosovo in Prishtinë. Material and methods: This study is retrospective, namely its made by collecting epidemiological data from patients’ histories that completed birth by Caesarean section for the period 2000-2006 in this clinic. Results and discussion: During this period, 14 maternal deaths were recorded during or after Caesarean section. Besides this, 14 lethal outcomes, the object of our study was 84 mothers which completed birth by Caesarean section and which are best used as a control group. The average age of mothers who died during or after Caesarean section was 32.1 years (SD ± 4.9). Youngest in this group was 24 years old and oldest 42 years. While the average age of mothers from the control group was 30.6 years (SD ± 5.9). Youngest was 19 and oldest 43 years, without significant difference. Most mothers included in the survey had more than one indication for Caesarean section. The most frequent indication was PIH syndrome with 33.7% and previous Caesarean section in 32.7%. Then with the participation of 12.2% were abruption of the placenta and disproportio feto pelvinea, 11.2% pelvinea and placenta praevia presentation, 10.2% parturiens while other indications were much rarer with less than 10% participation. Conclusion: Based on this we can conclude that the risk of the Caesarean section is high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brikene Elshani
- Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Center of Kosovo, Prishtina ; Medical Faculty, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
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