1
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Martínez-Jiménez F, Movasati A, Brunner SR, Nguyen L, Priestley P, Cuppen E, Van Hoeck A. Pan-cancer whole-genome comparison of primary and metastatic solid tumours. Nature 2023; 618:333-341. [PMID: 37165194 PMCID: PMC10247378 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06054-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic cancer remains an almost inevitably lethal disease1-3. A better understanding of disease progression and response to therapies therefore remains of utmost importance. Here we characterize the genomic differences between early-stage untreated primary tumours and late-stage treated metastatic tumours using a harmonized pan-cancer analysis (or reanalysis) of two unpaired primary4 and metastatic5 cohorts of 7,108 whole-genome-sequenced tumours. Metastatic tumours in general have a lower intratumour heterogeneity and a conserved karyotype, displaying only a modest increase in mutations, although frequencies of structural variants are elevated overall. Furthermore, highly variable tumour-specific contributions of mutational footprints of endogenous (for example, SBS1 and APOBEC) and exogenous mutational processes (for example, platinum treatment) are present. The majority of cancer types had either moderate genomic differences (for example, lung adenocarcinoma) or highly consistent genomic portraits (for example, ovarian serous carcinoma) when comparing early-stage and late-stage disease. Breast, prostate, thyroid and kidney renal clear cell carcinomas and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours are clear exceptions to the rule, displaying an extensive transformation of their genomic landscape in advanced stages. Exposure to treatment further scars the tumour genome and introduces an evolutionary bottleneck that selects for known therapy-resistant drivers in approximately half of treated patients. Our data showcase the potential of pan-cancer whole-genome analysis to identify distinctive features of late-stage tumours and provide a valuable resource to further investigate the biological basis of cancer and resistance to therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Martínez-Jiménez
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
- Hartwig Medical Foundation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ali Movasati
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sascha Remy Brunner
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Luan Nguyen
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Hartwig Medical Foundation Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter Priestley
- Hartwig Medical Foundation Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Edwin Cuppen
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Hartwig Medical Foundation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Arne Van Hoeck
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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2
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Kuijk E, Kranenburg O, Cuppen E, Van Hoeck A. Common anti-cancer therapies induce somatic mutations in stem cells of healthy tissue. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5915. [PMID: 36207433 PMCID: PMC9546852 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33663-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide mutation analyses have revealed that specific anti-cancer drugs are highly mutagenic to cancer cells, but the mutational impact of anti-cancer therapies on normal cells is not known. Here, we examine genome-wide somatic mutation patterns in 42 healthy adult stem cells (ASCs) of the colon or the liver from 14 cancer patients (mean of 3.2 ASC per donor) that received systemic chemotherapy and/or local radiotherapy. The platinum-based chemo-drug Oxaliplatin induces on average 535 ± 260 mutations in colon ASC, while 5-FU shows a complete mutagenic absence in most, but not all colon ASCs. In contrast with the colon, normal liver ASCs escape mutagenesis from systemic treatment with Oxaliplatin and 5-FU. Thus, while chemotherapies are highly effective at killing cancer cells, their systemic use also increases the mutational burden of long-lived normal stem cells responsible for tissue renewal thereby increasing the risk for developing second cancers. Specific anti-cancer therapies are highly mutagenic to cancer cells but the mutational impact on healthy tissues remains elusive. Here, the authors use organoids and whole-genome sequencing to characterise somatic mutations in healthy colon and liver adult stem cells after chemo- or radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewart Kuijk
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Center for Molecular Medicine and Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Onno Kranenburg
- Laboratory Translational Oncology, Division of Imaging and Cancer, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Utrecht Platform for Organoid Technology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin Cuppen
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. .,Hartwig Medical Foundation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Arne Van Hoeck
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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3
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van der Wiel AMA, Schuitmaker L, Cong Y, Theys J, Van Hoeck A, Vens C, Lambin P, Yaromina A, Dubois LJ. Homologous Recombination Deficiency Scar: Mutations and Beyond-Implications for Precision Oncology. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174157. [PMID: 36077694 PMCID: PMC9454578 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) is a prevalent in approximately 17% of tumors and is associated with enhanced sensitivity to anticancer therapies inducing double-strand DNA breaks. Accurate detection of HRD would therefore allow improved patient selection and outcome of conventional and targeted anticancer therapies. However, current clinical assessment of HRD mainly relies on determining germline BRCA1/2 mutational status and is insufficient for adequate patient stratification as mechanisms of HRD occurrence extend beyond functional BRCA1/2 loss. HRD, regardless of BRCA1/2 status, is associated with specific forms of genomic and mutational signatures termed HRD scar. Detection of this HRD scar might therefore be a more reliable biomarker for HRD. This review discusses and compares different methods of assessing HRD and HRD scar, their advances into the clinic, and their potential implications for precision oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M. A. van der Wiel
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW—School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lesley Schuitmaker
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW—School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ying Cong
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW—School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Theys
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW—School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Arne Van Hoeck
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Conchita Vens
- Institute of Cancer Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1BD, Scotland, UK
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Philippe Lambin
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW—School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ala Yaromina
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW—School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ludwig J. Dubois
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW—School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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4
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Nguyen L, Van Hoeck A, Cuppen E. Machine learning-based tissue of origin classification for cancer of unknown primary diagnostics using genome-wide mutation features. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4013. [PMID: 35817764 PMCID: PMC9273599 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31666-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers of unknown primary (CUP) origin account for ∼3% of all cancer diagnoses, whereby the tumor tissue of origin (TOO) cannot be determined. Using a uniformly processed dataset encompassing 6756 whole-genome sequenced primary and metastatic tumors, we develop Cancer of Unknown Primary Location Resolver (CUPLR), a random forest TOO classifier that employs 511 features based on simple and complex somatic driver and passenger mutations. CUPLR distinguishes 35 cancer (sub)types with ∼90% recall and ∼90% precision based on cross-validation and test set predictions. We find that structural variant derived features increase the performance and utility for classifying specific cancer types. With CUPLR, we could determine the TOO for 82/141 (58%) of CUP patients. Although CUPLR is based on machine learning, it provides a human interpretable graphical report with detailed feature explanations. The comprehensive output of CUPLR complements existing histopathological procedures and can enable improved diagnostics for CUP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luan Nguyen
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arne Van Hoeck
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin Cuppen
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands. .,Hartwig Medical Foundation, Science Park 408, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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5
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Meijer TG, Nguyen L, Van Hoeck A, Sieuwerts AM, Verkaik NS, Ladan MM, Ruigrok-Ritstier K, van Deurzen CHM, van de Werken HJG, Lips EH, Linn SC, Memari Y, Davies H, Nik-Zainal S, Kanaar R, Martens JWM, Cuppen E, Jager A, van Gent DC. Functional RECAP (REpair CAPacity) assay identifies homologous recombination deficiency undetected by DNA-based BRCAness tests. Oncogene 2022; 41:3498-3506. [PMID: 35662281 PMCID: PMC9232391 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02363-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Germline BRCA1/2 mutation status is predictive for response to Poly-[ADP-Ribose]-Polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in breast cancer (BC) patients. However, non-germline BRCA1/2 mutated and homologous recombination repair deficient (HRD) tumors are likely also PARP-inhibitor sensitive. Clinical validity and utility of various HRD biomarkers are under investigation. The REpair CAPacity (RECAP) test is a functional method to select HRD tumors based on their inability to form RAD51 foci. We investigated whether this functional test defines a similar group of HRD tumors as DNA-based tests. An HRD enriched cohort (n = 71; 52 primary and 19 metastatic BCs) selected based on the RECAP test (26 RECAP-HRD; 37%), was subjected to DNA-based HRD tests (i.e., Classifier of HOmologous Recombination Deficiency (CHORD) and BRCA1/2-like classifier). Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was carried out for 38 primary and 19 metastatic BCs. The RECAP test identified all bi-allelic BRCA deficient samples (n = 15) in this cohort. RECAP status partially correlated with DNA-based HRD test outcomes (70% concordance for both RECAP-CHORD and RECAP-BRCA1/2-like classifier). RECAP selected additional samples unable to form RAD51 foci, suggesting that this functional assay identified deficiencies in other DNA repair genes, which could also result in PARP-inhibitor sensitivity. Direct comparison of these HRD tests in clinical trials will be required to evaluate the optimal predictive test for clinical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titia G Meijer
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Luan Nguyen
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arne Van Hoeck
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anieta M Sieuwerts
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole S Verkaik
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolijn M Ladan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kirsten Ruigrok-Ritstier
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carolien H M van Deurzen
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harmen J G van de Werken
- Cancer Computational Biology Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Urology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther H Lips
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine C Linn
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Yasin Memari
- Academic Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,MRC Cancer Unit, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Helen Davies
- Academic Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,MRC Cancer Unit, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Serena Nik-Zainal
- Academic Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,MRC Cancer Unit, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Roland Kanaar
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - John W M Martens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin Cuppen
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Science Park, Hartwig Medical Foundation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Agnes Jager
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dik C van Gent
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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6
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Rosendahl Huber A, Van Hoeck A, Van Boxtel R. The Mutagenic Impact of Environmental Exposures in Human Cells and Cancer: Imprints Through Time. Front Genet 2021; 12:760039. [PMID: 34745228 PMCID: PMC8565797 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.760039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
During life, the DNA of our cells is continuously exposed to external damaging processes. Despite the activity of various repair mechanisms, DNA damage eventually results in the accumulation of mutations in the genomes of our cells. Oncogenic mutations are at the root of carcinogenesis, and carcinogenic agents are often highly mutagenic. Over the past decade, whole genome sequencing data of healthy and tumor tissues have revealed how cells in our body gradually accumulate mutations because of exposure to various mutagenic processes. Dissection of mutation profiles based on the type and context specificities of the altered bases has revealed a variety of signatures that reflect past exposure to environmental mutagens, ranging from chemotherapeutic drugs to genotoxic gut bacteria. In this review, we discuss the latest knowledge on somatic mutation accumulation in human cells, and how environmental mutagenic factors further shape the mutation landscapes of tissues. In addition, not all carcinogenic agents induce mutations, which may point to alternative tumor-promoting mechanisms, such as altered clonal selection dynamics. In short, we provide an overview of how environmental factors induce mutations in the DNA of our healthy cells and how this contributes to carcinogenesis. A better understanding of how environmental mutagens shape the genomes of our cells can help to identify potential preventable causes of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Rosendahl Huber
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Arne Van Hoeck
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ruben Van Boxtel
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
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7
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Vöhringer H, Hoeck AV, Cuppen E, Gerstung M. Learning mutational signatures and their multidimensional genomic properties with TensorSignatures. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3628. [PMID: 34131135 PMCID: PMC8206343 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23551-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We present TensorSignatures, an algorithm to learn mutational signatures jointly across different variant categories and their genomic localisation and properties. The analysis of 2778 primary and 3824 metastatic cancer genomes of the PCAWG consortium and the HMF cohort shows that all signatures operate dynamically in response to genomic states. The analysis pins differential spectra of UV mutagenesis found in active and inactive chromatin to global genome nucleotide excision repair. TensorSignatures accurately characterises transcription-associated mutagenesis in 7 different cancer types. The algorithm also extracts distinct signatures of replication- and double strand break repair-driven mutagenesis by APOBEC3A and 3B with differential numbers and length of mutation clusters. Finally, TensorSignatures reproduces a signature of somatic hypermutation generating highly clustered variants at transcription start sites of active genes in lymphoid leukaemia, distinct from a general and less clustered signature of Polη-driven translesion synthesis found in a broad range of cancer types. In summary, TensorSignatures elucidates complex mutational footprints by characterising their underlying processes with respect to a multitude of genomic variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Vöhringer
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, UK
| | - Arne Van Hoeck
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin Cuppen
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Hartwig Medical Foundation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Moritz Gerstung
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, UK.
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany.
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8
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Abstract
Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) results in impaired double strand break repair and is a frequent driver of tumorigenesis. Here, we develop a genome-wide mutational scar-based pan-cancer Classifier of HOmologous Recombination Deficiency (CHORD) that can discriminate BRCA1- and BRCA2-subtypes. Analysis of a metastatic (n = 3,504) and primary (n = 1,854) pan-cancer cohort reveals that HRD is most frequent in ovarian and breast cancer, followed by pancreatic and prostate cancer. We identify biallelic inactivation of BRCA1, BRCA2, RAD51C or PALB2 as the most common genetic cause of HRD, with RAD51C and PALB2 inactivation resulting in BRCA2-type HRD. We find that while the specific genetic cause of HRD is cancer type specific, biallelic inactivation is predominantly associated with loss-of-heterozygosity (LOH), with increased contribution of deep deletions in prostate cancer. Our results demonstrate the value of pan-cancer genomics-based HRD testing and its potential diagnostic value for patient stratification towards treatment with e.g. poly ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPi). Cancers deficient in homologous recombination can benefit from treatment with poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. Here, the authors generated a classifier that can predict homologous recombination deficiency from genomic data and suggest several cancer types that may benefit from PARP inhibitor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luan Nguyen
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - John W M Martens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Center for Personalized Cancer Treatment, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arne Van Hoeck
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin Cuppen
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. .,Hartwig Medical Foundation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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9
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Christensen S, Van der Roest B, Besselink N, Janssen R, Boymans S, Martens JWM, Yaspo ML, Priestley P, Kuijk E, Cuppen E, Van Hoeck A. 5-Fluorouracil treatment induces characteristic T>G mutations in human cancer. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4571. [PMID: 31594944 PMCID: PMC6783534 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12594-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a chemotherapeutic drug commonly used for the treatment of solid cancers. It is proposed that 5-FU interferes with nucleotide synthesis and incorporates into DNA, which may have a mutational impact on both surviving tumor and healthy cells. Here, we treat intestinal organoids with 5-FU and find a highly characteristic mutational pattern that is dominated by T>G substitutions in a CTT context. Tumor whole genome sequencing data confirms that this signature is also identified in vivo in colorectal and breast cancer patients who have received 5-FU treatment. Taken together, our results demonstrate that 5-FU is mutagenic and may drive tumor evolution and increase the risk of secondary malignancies. Furthermore, the identified signature shows a strong resemblance to COSMIC signature 17, the hallmark signature of treatment-naive esophageal and gastric tumors, which indicates that distinct endogenous and exogenous triggers can converge onto highly similar mutational signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Christensen
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan Van der Roest
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolle Besselink
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roel Janssen
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Boymans
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - John W M Martens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Personalized Cancer Treatment, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marie-Laure Yaspo
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestraße 63, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ewart Kuijk
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin Cuppen
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Center for Personalized Cancer Treatment, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Hartwig Medical Foundation, Science Park 408, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Arne Van Hoeck
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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10
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Angus L, Smid M, Wilting SM, van Riet J, Van Hoeck A, Nguyen L, Nik-Zainal S, Steenbruggen TG, Tjan-Heijnen VCG, Labots M, van Riel JMGH, Bloemendal HJ, Steeghs N, Lolkema MP, Voest EE, van de Werken HJG, Jager A, Cuppen E, Sleijfer S, Martens JWM. The genomic landscape of metastatic breast cancer highlights changes in mutation and signature frequencies. Nat Genet 2019; 51:1450-1458. [PMID: 31570896 PMCID: PMC6858873 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-019-0507-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The whole-genome sequencing of prospectively collected tissue biopsies from 442 patients with metastatic breast cancer reveals that, compared to primary breast cancer, tumor mutational burden doubles, the relative contributions of mutational signatures shift and the mutation frequency of six known driver genes increases in metastatic breast cancer. Significant associations with pretreatment are also observed. The contribution of mutational signature 17 is significantly enriched in patients pretreated with fluorouracil, taxanes, platinum and/or eribulin, whereas the de novo mutational signature I identified in this study is significantly associated with pretreatment containing platinum-based chemotherapy. Clinically relevant subgroups of tumors are identified, exhibiting either homologous recombination deficiency (13%), high tumor mutational burden (11%) or specific alterations (24%) linked to sensitivity to FDA-approved drugs. This study provides insights into the biology of metastatic breast cancer and identifies clinically useful genomic features for the future improvement of patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Angus
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Smid
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia M Wilting
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Job van Riet
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Computational Biology Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Urology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arne Van Hoeck
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Luan Nguyen
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Serena Nik-Zainal
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Clinical School, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tessa G Steenbruggen
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vivianne C G Tjan-Heijnen
- Department of Medical Oncology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Mariette Labots
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna M G H van Riel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Haiko J Bloemendal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
- Center for Personalized Cancer Treatment, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Neeltje Steeghs
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Personalized Cancer Treatment, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn P Lolkema
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Personalized Cancer Treatment, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emile E Voest
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Personalized Cancer Treatment, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harmen J G van de Werken
- Cancer Computational Biology Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Urology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Agnes Jager
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin Cuppen
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Hartwig Medical Foundation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Sleijfer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Personalized Cancer Treatment, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John W M Martens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Center for Personalized Cancer Treatment, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND In the past decade, systematic and comprehensive analyses of cancer genomes have identified cancer driver genes and revealed unprecedented insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the initiation and progression of cancer. These studies illustrate that although every cancer has a unique genetic make-up, there are only a limited number of mechanisms that shape the mutational landscapes of cancer genomes, as reflected by characteristic computationally-derived mutational signatures. Importantly, the molecular mechanisms underlying specific signatures can now be dissected and coupled to treatment strategies. Systematic characterization of mutational signatures in a cancer patient's genome may thus be a promising new tool for molecular tumor diagnosis and classification. RESULTS In this review, we describe the status of mutational signature analysis in cancer genomes and discuss the opportunities and relevance, as well as future challenges, for further implementation of mutational signatures in clinical tumor diagnostics and therapy guidance. CONCLUSIONS Scientific studies have illustrated the potential of mutational signature analysis in cancer research. As such, we believe that the implementation of mutational signature analysis within the diagnostic workflow will improve cancer diagnosis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Van Hoeck
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Oncode Institute, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Niels H. Tjoonk
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Oncode Institute, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology and Oncode Institute, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ruben van Boxtel
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology and Oncode Institute, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin Cuppen
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Oncode Institute, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Hartwig Medical Foundation, Science Park 408, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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12
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Van Hoeck A, Horemans N, Nauts R, Van Hees M, Vandenhove H, Blust R. Lemna minor plants chronically exposed to ionising radiation: RNA-seq analysis indicates a dose rate dependent shift from acclimation to survival strategies. Plant Sci 2017; 257:84-95. [PMID: 28224921 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Ecotoxicological research provides knowledge on ionising radiation-induced responses in different plant species. However, the sparse data currently available are mainly extracted from acute exposure treatments. To provide a better understanding of environmental exposure scenarios, the response to stress in plants must be followed in more natural relevant chronic conditions. We previously showed morphological and biochemical responses in Lemna minor plants continuously exposed for 7days in a dose-rate dependent manner. In this study responses on molecular (gene expression) and physiological (photosynthetic) level are evaluated in L. minor plants exposed to ionising radiation. To enable this, we examined the gene expression profiles of irradiated L. minor plants by using an RNA-seq approach. The gene expression data reveal indications that L. minor plants exposed at lower dose rates, can tolerate the exposure by triggering acclimation responses. In contrast, at the highest dose rate tested, a high number of genes related to antioxidative defense systems, DNA repair and cell cycle were differentially expressed suggesting that only high dose rates of ionising radiation drive L. minor plants into survival strategies. Notably, the photosynthetic process seems to be unaffected in L. minor plants among the tested dose rates. This study, supported by our earlier work, clearly indicates that plants shift from acclimation responses towards survival responses at increasing dose rates of ionising radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Van Hoeck
- SCK●CEN, Boeretang, 200 2400, Mol, Belgium; Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Nele Horemans
- SCK●CEN, Boeretang, 200 2400, Mol, Belgium; Centre for Environmental Research, University of Hasselt, Universiteitslaan 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | - Ronny Blust
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
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13
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Horemans N, Van Hees M, Saenen E, Van Hoeck A, Smolders V, Blust R, Vandenhove H. Influence of nutrient medium composition on uranium toxicity and choice of the most sensitive growth related endpoint in Lemna minor. J Environ Radioact 2016; 151 Pt 2:427-37. [PMID: 26187266 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Uranium (U) toxicity is known to be highly dependent on U speciation and bioavailability. To assess the impact of uranium on plants, a growth inhibition test was set up in the freshwater macrophyte Lemna minor. First growth media with different compositions were tested in order to find a medium fit for testing U toxicity in L. minor. Following arguments were used for medium selection: the ability to sustain L. minor growth, a high solubility of U in the medium and a high percentage of the more toxic U-species namely UO2(2+). Based on these selection criteria a with a low phosphate concentration of 0.5 mg L(-1) and supplemented with 5 mM MES (2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid) to ensure pH stability was chosen. This medium also showed highest U toxicity compared to the other tested media. Subsequently a full dose response curve for U was established by exposing L. minor plants to U concentrations ranging from 0.05 μM up to 150 μM for 7 days. Uranium was shown to adversely affect growth of L. minor in a dose dependent manner with EC10, EC30 and EC50 values ranging between 1.6 and 4.8 μM, 7.7-16.4 μM and 19.4-37.2 μM U, respectively, depending on the growth endpoint. Four different growth related endpoints were tested: frond area, frond number, fresh weight and dry weight. Although differences in relative growth rates and associated ECx-values calculated on different endpoints are small (maximal twofold difference), frond area is recommended to be used to measure U-induced growth effects as it is a sensitive growth endpoint and easy to measure in vivo allowing for measurements over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nele Horemans
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Boeretang 200, B-2400, Mol, Belgium; Hasselt University, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Agoralaan gebouw D, B-3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - May Van Hees
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Boeretang 200, B-2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - Eline Saenen
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Boeretang 200, B-2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - Arne Van Hoeck
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Boeretang 200, B-2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - Valérie Smolders
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Boeretang 200, B-2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - Ronny Blust
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp (UA), Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020, Antwerp, Belgium
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14
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Van Hoeck A, Horemans N, Van Hees M, Nauts R, Knapen D, Vandenhove H, Blust R. Characterizing dose response relationships: Chronic gamma radiation in Lemna minor induces oxidative stress and altered polyploidy level. J Environ Radioact 2015; 150:195-202. [PMID: 26348936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The biological effects and interactions of different radiation types in plants are still far from understood. Among different radiation types, external gamma radiation treatments have been mostly studied to assess the biological impact of radiation toxicity in organisms. Upon exposure of plants to gamma radiation, ionisation events can cause, either directly or indirectly, severe biological damage to DNA and other biomolecules. However, the biological responses and oxidative stress related mechanisms under chronic radiation conditions are poorly understood in plant systems. In the following study, it was questioned if the Lemna minor growth inhibition test is a suitable approach to also assess the radiotoxicity of this freshwater plant. Therefore, L. minor plants were continuously exposed for seven days to 12 different dose rate levels covering almost six orders of magnitude starting from 80 μGy h(-1) up to 1.5 Gy h(-1). Subsequently, growth, antioxidative defence system and genomic responses of L. minor plants were evaluated. Although L. minor plants could survive the exposure treatment at environmental relevant exposure conditions, higher dose rate levels induced dose dependent growth inhibitions starting from approximately 27 mGy h(-1). A ten-percentage growth inhibition of frond area Effective Dose Rate (EDR10) was estimated at 95 ± 7 mGy h(-1), followed by 153 ± 13 mGy h(-1) and 169 ± 12 mGy h(-1) on fresh weight and frond number, respectively. Up to a dose rate of approximately 5 mGy h(-1), antioxidative enzymes and metabolites remained unaffected in plants. A significant change in catalase enzyme activity was found at 27 mGy h(-1) which was accompanied with significant increases of other antioxidative enzyme activities and shifts in ascorbate and glutathione content at higher dose rate levels, indicating an increase in oxidative stress in plants. Recent plant research hypothesized that environmental genotoxic stress conditions can induce endoreduplication events. Here an increase in ploidy level was observed at the highest tested dose rate. In conclusion, the results revealed that in plants several mechanisms and pathways interplay to cope with radiation induced stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Van Hoeck
- SCK•CEN, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium; Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium.
| | - Nele Horemans
- SCK•CEN, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium; Centre for Environmental Research, University of Hasselt, Universiteitslaan 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | | | | | - Dries Knapen
- Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | | | - Ronny Blust
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
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15
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Van Hoeck A, Horemans N, Monsieurs P, Cao HX, Vandenhove H, Blust R. The first draft genome of the aquatic model plant Lemna minor opens the route for future stress physiology research and biotechnological applications. Biotechnol Biofuels 2015; 8:188. [PMID: 26609323 PMCID: PMC4659200 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-015-0381-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Freshwater duckweed, comprising the smallest, fastest growing and simplest macrophytes has various applications in agriculture, phytoremediation and energy production. Lemna minor, the so-called common duckweed, is a model system of these aquatic plants for ecotoxicological bioassays, genetic transformation tools and industrial applications. Given the ecotoxic relevance and high potential for biomass production, whole-genome information of this cosmopolitan duckweed is needed. RESULTS The 472 Mbp assembly of the L. minor genome (2n = 40; estimated 481 Mbp; 98.1 %) contains 22,382 protein-coding genes and 61.5 % repetitive sequences. The repeat content explains 94.5 % of the genome size difference in comparison with the greater duckweed, Spirodela polyrhiza (2n = 40; 158 Mbp; 19,623 protein-coding genes; and 15.79 % repetitive sequences). Comparison of proteins from other monocot plants, protein ortholog identification, OrthoMCL, suggests 1356 duckweed-specific groups (3367 proteins, 15.0 % total L. minor proteins) and 795 Lemna-specific groups (2897 proteins, 12.9 % total L. minor proteins). Interestingly, proteins involved in biosynthetic processes in response to various stimuli and hydrolase activities are enriched in the Lemna proteome in comparison with the Spirodela proteome. CONCLUSIONS The genome sequence and annotation of L. minor protein-coding genes provide new insights in biological understanding and biomass production applications of Lemna species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Van Hoeck
- />Biosphere Impact Studies, SCK•CEN, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
- />Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Nele Horemans
- />Biosphere Impact Studies, SCK•CEN, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
- />Centre for Environmental Research, University of Hasselt, Universiteitslaan 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | | | - Hieu Xuan Cao
- />Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), OT Gatersleben, Corrensstrasse 3, 06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | | | - Ronny Blust
- />Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
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16
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Van Hoeck A, Horemans N, Van Hees M, Nauts R, Knapen D, Vandenhove H, Blust R. β-Radiation Stress Responses on Growth and Antioxidative Defense System in Plants: A Study with Strontium-90 in Lemna minor. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:15309-27. [PMID: 26198226 PMCID: PMC4519901 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160715309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the following study, dose dependent effects on growth and oxidative stress induced by β-radiation were examined to gain better insights in the mode of action of β-radiation induced stress in plant species. Radiostrontium (⁹⁰Sr) was used to test for β-radiation induced responses in the freshwater macrophyte Lemna minor. The accumulation pattern of 90Sr was examined for L. minor root and fronds separately over a seven-day time period and was subsequently used in a dynamic dosimetric model to calculate β-radiation dose rates. Exposing L. minor plants for seven days to a ⁹⁰Sr activity concentration of 25 up to 25,000 kBq·L⁻¹ resulted in a dose rate between 0.084 ± 0.004 and 97 ± 8 mGy·h⁻¹. After seven days of exposure, root fresh weight showed a dose dependent decrease starting from a dose rate of 9.4 ± 0.5 mGy·h⁻¹. Based on these data, an EDR10 value of 1.5 ± 0.4 mGy·h⁻¹ was estimated for root fresh weight and 52 ± 17 mGy·h⁻¹ for frond fresh weight. Different antioxidative enzymes and metabolites were further examined to analyze if β-radiation induces oxidative stress in L. minor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Van Hoeck
- SCK•CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium.
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium.
| | - Nele Horemans
- SCK•CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium.
- Centre for Environmental Research, University of Hasselt, Universiteitslaan 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - May Van Hees
- SCK•CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium.
| | - Robin Nauts
- SCK•CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium.
| | - Dries Knapen
- Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium.
| | | | - Ronny Blust
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium.
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