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Wei X, Yan XJ, Guo YY, Zhang J, Wang GR, Fayyaz A, Yu J. Machine learning-based gray-level co-occurrence matrix signature for predicting lymph node metastasis in undifferentiated-type early gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:5338-5350. [PMID: 36185632 PMCID: PMC9521518 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i36.5338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most important consideration in determining treatment strategies for undifferentiated early gastric cancer (UEGC) is the risk of lymph node metastasis (LNM). Therefore, identifying a potential biomarker that predicts LNM is quite useful in determining treatment.
AIM To develop a machine learning (ML)-based integral procedure to construct the LNM gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) prediction model.
METHODS We retrospectively selected 526 cases of UEGC confirmed through pathological examination after radical gastrectomy without endoscopic treatment in four tertiary hospitals between January 2015 to December 2021. We extracted GLCM-based features from grayscale images and applied ML to the classification of candidate predictive variables. The robustness and clinical utility of each model were evaluated based on the following factors: Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), decision curve analysis, and clinical impact curve.
RESULTS GLCM-based feature extraction significantly correlated with LNM. The top 7 GLCM-based factors included inertia value 0° (IV_0), inertia value 45° (IV_45), inverse gap 0° (IG_0), inverse gap 45° (IG_45), inverse gap full angle (IG_all), Haralick 30° (Haralick_30), Haralick full angle (Haralick_all), and Entropy. The areas under the ROC curve (AUCs) of the random forest classifier (RFC) model, support vector machine, eXtreme gradient boosting, artificial neural network, and decision tree ranged from 0.805 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.258-1.352] to 0.925 (95%CI: 0.378-1.472) in the training set and from 0.794 (95%CI: 0.237-1.351) to 0.912 (95%CI: 0.355-1.469) in the testing set, respectively. The RFC (training set: AUC: 0.925, 95%CI: 0.378-1.472; testing set: AUC: 0.912, 95%CI: 0.355-1.469) model that incorporates Entropy, Haralick_all, Haralick_30, IG_all, IG_45, IG_0, and IV_45 had the highest predictive accuracy.
CONCLUSION The evaluation results indicate that the method of selecting radiological and textural features becomes more effective in the LNM discrimination against UEGC patients. Additionally, the ML-based prediction model developed using the RFC can be used to derive treatment options and identify LNM, which can hence improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wei
- Department of Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an 710068, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xue-Jiao Yan
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an 710068, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yu-Yan Guo
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial Tumour Hospital, Xi’an 710068, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Guo-Rong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an 710068, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Arsalan Fayyaz
- School of Management, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jiao Yu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an 710068, Shaanxi Province, China
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Anwar MN, Fayyaz A, Sohail NF, Khokhar MF, Baqar M, Yasar A, Rasool K, Nazir A, Raja MUF, Rehan M, Aghbashlo M, Tabatabaei M, Nizami AS. CO 2 utilization: Turning greenhouse gas into fuels and valuable products. J Environ Manage 2020; 260:110059. [PMID: 32090808 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.110059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This study critically reviews the recent developments and future opportunities pertinent to the conversion of CO2 as a potent greenhouse gas (GHG) to fuels and valuable products. CO2 emissions have reached an alarming level of around 410 ppm and have become the primary driver of global warming and climate change leading to devastating events such as droughts, hurricanes, torrential rains, floods, tornados and wildfires across the world. These events are responsible for thousands of deaths and have adversely affected the economic development of many countries, loss of billions of dollars, across the globe. One of the promising choices to tackle this issue is carbon sequestration by pre- and post-combustion processes and oxyfuel combustion. The captured CO2 can be converted into fuels and valuable products, including methanol, dimethyl ether (DME), and methane (CH4). The efficient use of the sequestered CO2 for the desalinization might be critical in overcoming water scarcity and energy issues in developing countries. Using the sequestered CO2 to produce algae in combination with wastewater, and producing biofuels is among the promising strategies. Many methods, like direct combustion, fermentation, transesterification, pyrolysis, anaerobic digestion (AD), and gasification, can be used for the conversion of algae into biofuel. Direct air capturing (DAC) is another productive technique for absorbing CO2 from the atmosphere and converting it into various useful energy resources like CH4. These methods can effectively tackle the issues of climate change, water security, and energy crises. However, future research is required to make these conversion methods cost-effective and commercially applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Anwar
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - A Fayyaz
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - N F Sohail
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M F Khokhar
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M Baqar
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - A Yasar
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - K Rasool
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 5825, Doha, Qatar
| | - A Nazir
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Lahore School of Economics, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M U F Raja
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M Rehan
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies (CEES), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Aghbashlo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering of Agricultural Machinery, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - M Tabatabaei
- Faculty of Plantation and Agrotechnology, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; Biofuel Research Team (BRTeam), Karaj, Iran; Microbial Biotechnology Department, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran; Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Transport, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - A S Nizami
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
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Hua J, Fayyaz A, Song H, Tufail M, Gai Y. Development of a method Sin-QuEChERS for the determination of multiple pesticide residues in oilseed samples. Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.3920/qas2019.1557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Hua
- Taiyuan Customs District People’s Republic of China, 8th street YiFen, Tai Yuan, Shanxi 030024, China P.R
| | - A. Fayyaz
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - H. Song
- Taiyuan Customs District People’s Republic of China, 8th street YiFen, Tai Yuan, Shanxi 030024, China P.R
| | - M.R. Tufail
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Y. Gai
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Anwar MN, Fayyaz A, Sohail NF, Khokhar MF, Baqar M, Khan WD, Rasool K, Rehan M, Nizami AS. CO 2 capture and storage: A way forward for sustainable environment. J Environ Manage 2018; 226:131-144. [PMID: 30114572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The quest for a sustainable environment and combating global warming, carbon capture, and storage (CCS) has become the primary resort. A complete shift from non-renewable resources to renewable resources is currently impossible due to its major share in energy generation; making CCS an imperative need of the time. This study, therefore, aims to examine the reckoning of carbon dioxide (CO2), measurement methods, and its efficient capture and storage technologies with an ambition to combat global warming and achieve environmental sustainability. Conventionally, physical, geological and biological proxies are used to measure CO2. The recent methods for CO2 analyses are spectrometry, electrochemical gas sensors, and gas chromatography. Various procedures such as pre, post, and oxyfuel combustion, and use of algae, biochar, and charcoal are the promising ways for CO2 sequestration. However, the efficient implementation of CCS lies in the application of nanotechnology that, in the future, could provide a better condition for the environment and economic outlooks. The captured carbon can be stored in the earth crust for trillions of years, but its leakage during storage can raise many issues including its emissions in the atmosphere and soil acidification. Therefore, global and collective efforts are required to explore, optimize and implement new techniques for CCS to achieve high environmental sustainability and combat the issues of global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Anwar
- Sustainable Development Study Center, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - A Fayyaz
- Sustainable Development Study Center, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - N F Sohail
- Sustainable Development Study Center, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M F Khokhar
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M Baqar
- Sustainable Development Study Center, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - W D Khan
- Sustainable Development Study Center, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - K Rasool
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 5825, Doha, Qatar
| | - M Rehan
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies (CEES), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - A S Nizami
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies (CEES), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Rakha SA, Khan RR, Khurram AA, Fayyaz A, Zakaullah M, Munir A. Mechanical properties of epoxy composites with low content of diamond particles. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.38029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Fayyaz A, Haider Z, Moeen KZ, Shahid M. Obscure hepatomegaly in clinical practice--a clinicopathological study. J PAK MED ASSOC 1980; 30:84-7. [PMID: 6771429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Haider Z, Fayyaz A, Ud Din F, Maqbool K. Screening for diabetes mellitus in Pakistani patients with acute and chronic liver disease. J Trop Med Hyg 1978; 81:103-5. [PMID: 660710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Haider Z, Fayyaz A. Latex agglutination test for amoebiasis in Pakistani patients with chronic 'obscure' liver enlargements. J Trop Med Hyg 1978; 81:13-5. [PMID: 204801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The latex agglutination test for amoebiasis was done in 50 Pakistani patients in whom a clinical diagnosis of chronic non-supparative amoebic hepatitis was made on the basis of liver enlargement associated with chronic recurrent abdominal disturbance. The serological test was negative in 32 (64%) and positive in 18 (36%). Examination of stool specimens showed a higher frequency of E. histolytica in serology positive patients. The liver biopsy findings were variable and included normal histology in 40 percent and non-specific changes in another 34 per cent of the patients. There was evidence of early abscess formation in one patient with a strongly positive serological reaction. Chronic liver enlargements in this region form a heterogenous group and the existence of chronic non-suppurative amoebic hepatitis as a clinico-pathological entity remains doubtful.
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