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Santucci NR, Rein LE, van Tilburg MA, Karpinski A, Rosenberg A, Amado-Feeley A, Stoops E, Herdes RE, Hyman PE. Self-Efficacy in Children with Functional Constipation Is Associated with Treatment Success. J Pediatr 2020; 216:19-24. [PMID: 31679634 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the relationship between self-efficacy, the belief that an individual can succeed at a goal, and short-term treatment outcome in children with functional constipation. STUDY DESIGN Patients with functional constipation age 8-16 years completed the Self-Efficacy for Functional Constipation Questionnaire (SEFCQ), consisting of 14 statements about performing tasks needed for defecation. Patients completed SEFCQ before, immediately after, and 3 weeks after their clinic visit. Treatment success was defined as ≥3 bowel movements into the toilet and no fecal incontinence in the third week. RESULTS 75% of patients had a successful outcome. Scores were higher in the group that was successful than in those that failed before, immediately after the visit, and 3 weeks later (P < .001). Self-efficacy improved at all time points in the group that was successful (P < .001). In the group that failed, scores improved immediately after clinic visit (P < .01) but were unchanged at follow-up (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS Improved self-efficacy is associated with successful outcomes in children with functional constipation, thus, it may be beneficial to enhance self-efficacy for defecation during treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha R Santucci
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Lauren E Rein
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | | | - Aryn Karpinski
- Department of Administration, Kent State University, Kent, OH
| | - Allan Rosenberg
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Amir Amado-Feeley
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Eva Stoops
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Rachel E Herdes
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Paul E Hyman
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
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2
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Dzurec L, Karpinski A, Kennison M, Rair R, Fitzgerald S. Assessing Family-Like Dynamics in the Workplace as Possible Precursors of Workplace Bullying: Psychometric Analysis of a Modified Instrument. J Nurs Meas 2019; 27:297-312. [DOI: 10.1891/1061-3749.27.2.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background and PurposeFamily-like dynamics in workplaces may serve as antecedents to workplace bullying. This study addressed the psychometric properties of an instrument modified to assess family-like dynamics in the workplace.DesignThe investigators used categorical principal components analysis (CATPCA) to investigate the psychometric properties of an instrument modified to measure coworker perceptions of family-like dynamics in the workplace.MethodsPrimarily White (95%) study participants (N= 273) completed a brief, demographic form and the modified Family Relationships Index (FRI) of the Family Assessment Scale (FES) (Moos & Moos, 1981, 1986). Demographic data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and perceptions of family-like dynamics in the workplace were analyzed using CATPCA.ResultsThe modified FRI served as a reasonable model for capturing coworker perceptions of family-like dynamics in the workplace.ConclusionsFurther research is indicated to determine the overall utility of the modified FRI and to ascertain whether family-like dynamics actually are precursors to workplace bullying victimization.
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Saketkoo LA, Karpinski A, Young J, Adell R, Walker M, Hennebury T, Wickremasinghe M, Russell AM. Feasibility, utility and symptom impact of modified mindfulness training in sarcoidosis. ERJ Open Res 2018; 4:00085-2017. [PMID: 29750143 PMCID: PMC5938490 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00085-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disorder characterised by noncaseating granulomatous inflammation of unknown aetiology. It may resolve spontaneously, but ∼30% of patients have progressive disease with significant organ damage [1]. Although any organ is vulnerable, the lungs are frequently involved resulting in shortness of breath and dry cough. Fatigue is an overarching symptom in sarcoidosis, originating from multiple and combined causes of mental fatigue and physical fatigue [2]. This is also true of the psychosocial impact of sarcoidosis, which may include depression, anxiety, isolation and feelings of uncertainty. The prevalence of these factors remains high even for those who achieve clinical remission, resulting in psychological distress and reduced health status [3]. A modified mindfulness-based exercise intervention has beneficial impact on people living with sarcoidosishttp://ow.ly/XYTO30jtmms
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley Ann Saketkoo
- New Orleans Scleroderma and Sarcoidosis Patient Care and Research Center, University Medical Center Comprehensive Pulmonary Hypertension Center and Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Aryn Karpinski
- Evaluation and Measurement, School of Foundations, Leadership and Administration, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Jessica Young
- Louisiana State University, School of Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Ryan Adell
- Louisiana State University, School of Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - McCall Walker
- University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | | | - Anne-Marie Russell
- National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College, London, UK.,Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
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Santucci NR, Hyman PE, Karpinski A, Rosenberg A, Garguilo D, Rein LE, Amado-Feeley A, Stoops E, Herdes RE, van Tilburg MAL. Development and validation of a childhood self-efficacy for functional constipation questionnaire. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2018; 30. [PMID: 28980378 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with functional constipation fear painful bowel movements leading to stool withholding behavior. Self-efficacy is the belief that an individual can accomplish a given goal. If children with constipation avoid defecation because they think that they are unable defecate comfortably, this low self-efficacy may prevent treatment success. The aim of the current study was to develop and validate a constipation specific self-efficacy scale. METHODS The self-efficacy for functional constipation questionnaire (SEFCQ) was developed by the authors and evaluated by 10 children and seven experts. Ninety-nine healthy children and 122 children with functional constipation completed the SEFCQ and three other questionnaires measuring related constructs. KEY RESULTS Minor changes were made in wording based on feedback from experts and children. Factor analysis showed two scales, a 7 item Action scale (Cronbach's α = 0.88) and a 7 item Emotion scale (Cronbach α = 0.86). The SEFCQ total scale correlated positively with general self-efficacy (r = .32, P < .001) and quality of life (r = .20; P < .01) and negatively with anxiety (r = -.15; P < .05). Scores on the SEFCQ were higher in children without functional constipation compared to those with functional constipation (53.33 + 3.38 vs 39.34 + 7.19, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES We developed a constipation specific self-efficacy questionnaire with good initial internal reliability, excellent face validity and adequate content validity. A low self-efficacy for defecation, may make the child resist their physical urge to defecate and hence, the need for further studies to assess its effect on treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Santucci
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - P E Hyman
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - A Karpinski
- School of Administration, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - A Rosenberg
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - D Garguilo
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - L E Rein
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - A Amado-Feeley
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - E Stoops
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - R E Herdes
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - M A L van Tilburg
- College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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MacDowell SG, Wellons R, Bissell A, Knecht L, Naquin C, Karpinski A. The impact of symptoms of anxiety and depression on subjective and objective outcome measures in individuals with vestibular disorders. J Vestib Res 2018; 27:295-303. [DOI: 10.3233/ves-170627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara G. MacDowell
- Our Lady of the Lake Hearing and Balance Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Rachel Wellons
- Department of Physical Therapy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Ashlen Bissell
- Department of Physical Therapy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Lisa Knecht
- Department of Physical Therapy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Caitlin Naquin
- Department of Physical Therapy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Aryn Karpinski
- Department of Evaluation and Measurement, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
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Arrouk R, Karpinski A, Lavenbarg T, Belmont J, McCallum RW, Hyman P. Water Load Test in Children with Chronic Abdominal Pain or Obesity Compared with Nonobese Controls. South Med J 2017; 110:168-171. [PMID: 28257540 DOI: 10.14423/smj.0000000000000612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Satiety is the perception of satisfied fullness and represents a summation of neural and hormonal influences. Satiety can be assessed by drink tests, including water load. The objective of our study was to confirm the difference in water load volume between nonobese control children and children with functional dyspepsia (FD), children with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and obese children. METHODS A total of 158 children ages 6 to 13 years participated in the study. There were 43 children with FD, 25 with IBS, 44 obese children, and 46 nonobese age-matched control children. Subjects drank as much water as possible in 3 minutes or until their stomachs felt full. RESULTS Children in the FD and IBS groups drank less water than did the nonobese controls; the obese children drank more water than did the nonobese controls. The water load test demonstrated high specificity but poor sensitivity in predicting children with FD. CONCLUSIONS A water load test offers a simple, noninvasive research tool to measure satiety. Children with chronic abdominal pain drank less than nonobese control children; however, the water load test did not discriminate between FD and IBS. Obese children drank more water than the other groups, suggesting the possibility of an underlying abnormality in the perception of satiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Arrouk
- From the Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, the College of Education, Health, and Human Services, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, the University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, and the Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso
| | - Aryn Karpinski
- From the Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, the College of Education, Health, and Human Services, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, the University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, and the Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso
| | - Teri Lavenbarg
- From the Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, the College of Education, Health, and Human Services, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, the University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, and the Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso
| | - John Belmont
- From the Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, the College of Education, Health, and Human Services, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, the University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, and the Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso
| | - Richard W McCallum
- From the Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, the College of Education, Health, and Human Services, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, the University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, and the Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso
| | - Paul Hyman
- From the Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, the College of Education, Health, and Human Services, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, the University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, and the Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso
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Abstract
In a review of 538 children with functional constipation, we analyzed ages of presentation and onset, symptom duration, and behavioral/developmental problems. We divided the subjects into quartiles (Q1-Q4) based on age of onset. Median onset age was 2.3 years. The oldest group had the shortest symptom duration before referral at 1.8 ± 1.8 years (compared with Q3 to Q1, P = 0.039, P = 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively). Of the Q4 subjects, 22% had a behavioral/developmental problem (P < 0.001 compared with Q1-Q3). We conclude that most children develop functional constipation as infants and toddlers, but those with later onset are more likely to have behavioral/developmental issues and see a specialist sooner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanton Malowitz
- *Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Children's Hospital of New Orleans †Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans
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Trommelen RD, Buttone LF, Dicharry DZ, Jacobs RM, Karpinski A. The Use of Five Repetition Sit to Stand Test (FRSTST) to Assess Fall Risk in the Assisted Living Population. Physical & Occupational Therapy In Geriatrics 2015. [DOI: 10.3109/02703181.2015.1016646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Rae G, Cork RJ, Karpinski A, Farris H, Swartz W. Using the Brains We Have: Dissection of the human brain assists the medical student in learning and retaining neuroanatomy. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.548.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guenevere Rae
- Cell Biology and AnatomyLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterNew OrleansLAUnited States
| | - R John Cork
- Cell Biology and AnatomyLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterNew OrleansLAUnited States
| | - Aryn Karpinski
- Cell Biology and AnatomyLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterNew OrleansLAUnited States
| | - Hamilton Farris
- Cell Biology and AnatomyLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterNew OrleansLAUnited States
| | - William Swartz
- Cell Biology and AnatomyLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterNew OrleansLAUnited States
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Abstract
Three studies examined the relationship between the Implicit Association Test (IAT) and explicit attitudes. In the 1st and all subsequent studies, the lack of any correlation between the IAT and explicitly measured attitudes supports the view that the IAT is independent from explicit attitudes. Study 2 examined the relationships among the IAT, explicit attitudes, and behavior and found that the explicit attitudes predicted behavior but the IAT did not. Finally, in Study 3 it was found that the IAT was affected by exposing participants to new associations between attitude objects, whereas the explicit attitudes remained unchanged. Taken together, these results support an environmental association interpretation of the IAT in which IAT scores reflect the associations a person has been exposed to in his or her environment rather than the extent to which the person endorses those evaluative associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Karpinski
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-1109, USA.
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11
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Abstract
Three studies examined the relationship between the Implicit Association Test (IAT) and explicit attitudes. In the 1st and all subsequent studies, the lack of any correlation between the IAT and explicitly measured attitudes supports the view that the IAT is independent from explicit attitudes. Study 2 examined the relationships among the IAT, explicit attitudes, and behavior and found that the explicit attitudes predicted behavior but the IAT did not. Finally, in Study 3 it was found that the IAT was affected by exposing participants to new associations between attitude objects, whereas the explicit attitudes remained unchanged. Taken together, these results support an environmental association interpretation of the IAT in which IAT scores reflect the associations a person has been exposed to in his or her environment rather than the extent to which the person endorses those evaluative associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Karpinski
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-1109, USA.
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Abstract
The authors examined physiologic changes in myocardial infarction patients during a family visit in the cardiac intensive care unit (CICU) and the relationship of these changes to illness variables, patient preference for visits, and patients' perceptions of the supportiveness of the visit. Forty-eight patients were studied for changes in heart rate, blood pressure, ST segment, and oxygen saturation. Patients who had the greatest physiologic changes were among those who had had more severe infarcts. However, many patients in the severe category did not show such changes. Examination of the reactive group revealed that, in addition to having more severe infarcts, it included a greater percentage of smokers than did the nonreactive group. Visit preferences were relatively low, but as visit preferences increased, so did cardiovascular changes. Supportiveness scores were quite high, and these were positively correlated with cardiovascular changes. Clinical and research implications are discussed.
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Heine UI, Krueger GR, Karpinski A, Munoz E, Krueger MB. Quantitative light and electron microscopic changes in thymic reticular epithelial cells during Moloney-virus-induced lymphoma development. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1983; 106:102-11. [PMID: 6630280 DOI: 10.1007/bf00395387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This report describes two types of reticular epithelial cell in the thymic cortex of the BALB/c mouse, an immature and a mature form. During early stages of lymphoma development, i.e., 2-6 weeks postinfection (p.i.) with Moloney leukemia virus (M-MuLV), activation of the epithelial cells is observed. Although the percentage of these cells in the total cell population of the thymic cortex remains constant during that time, the number of mature epithelial cells is significantly increased in infected animals. Subsequently, about 6 weeks p.i., the number of immature epithelial cells starts to increase, whereas the number of mature reticular epithelial cells declines and the appearance of the mature epithelial cells changes drastically. The results of light and electron microscopic studies indicate degeneration of the mature reticular epithelial cells at the onset of lymphoma development at a time when the first deficiencies in the immunologic competence of the reticular epithelial cells are apparent.
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Krueger GR, Karpinski A, Heine UI, Koch B. Differentiation block of prethymic lymphocytes during Moloney-virus-induced lymphoma development associated with a thymic epithelial defect. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1983; 106:153-7. [PMID: 6355115 DOI: 10.1007/bf00395395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Previous cytokinetic studies in Moloney-virus (M-MuLV)-induced lymphomas of BALB/c mice showed an intrathymic maturation block of prethymic lymphocytes derived from hematopoietic tissues. Thymus-cell cultures during the latent period of lymphoma development showed a proportion of nonlymphoid cells (NLC) from uninfected mice of 0.1% (3 days) to 0.002% (20 days), rising in infected mice to 1-2% after 5 weeks. Concomitantly, thymic epithelial cells exhibit progressive degenerative changes in vivo in infected mice with virus replication and in vitro a marked cellular polymorphism with nuclear atypia becomes overt. Immunofluorescence studies of thymopoietin II and serum thymus factor in epithelial cells indicate a marked decrease of these hormones in the epithelial cells from infected mice. These results suggest a functional defect of virus-infected thymic epithelial cells which causes a progressive accumulation of nondifferentiating T-cell precursors.
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