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Kwan K, Castro-Sandoval O, Ma B, Martelino D, Saffari A, Liu XL, Orvain C, Mellitzer G, Gaiddon C, Storr T. Altering relative metal-binding affinities in multifunctional Metallochaperones for mutant p53 reactivation. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 251:112433. [PMID: 38043136 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
The p53 protein plays a major role in cancer prevention, and over 50% of cancer diagnoses can be attributed to p53 malfunction. p53 incorporates a structural Zn site that is required for proper protein folding and function, and in many cases point mutations can result in loss of the Zn2+ ion, destabilization of the tertiary structure, and eventual amyloid aggregation. Herein, we report a series of compounds designed to act as small molecule stabilizers of mutant p53, and feature Zn-binding fragments to chaperone Zn2+ to the metal depleted site and restore wild-type (WT) function. Many Zn metallochaperones (ZMCs) have been shown to generate intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), likely by chelating redox-active metals such as Fe2+/3+ and Cu+/2+ and undergoing associated Fenton chemistry. High levels of ROS can result in off-target effects and general toxicity, and thus, careful tuning of ligand Zn2+ affinity, in comparison to the affinity for other endogenous metals, is important for selective mutant p53 targeting. In this work we show that by using carboxylate donors in place of pyridine we can change the relative Zn2+/Cu2+ binding ability in a series of ligands, and we investigate the impact of donor group changes on metallochaperone activity and overall cytotoxicity in two mutant p53 cancer cell lines (NUGC3 and SKGT2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalvin Kwan
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Omar Castro-Sandoval
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Benjamin Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Diego Martelino
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Ashkan Saffari
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Xi Lan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Christophe Orvain
- Inserm UMR_S 1113, Université de Strasbourg, Molecular Mechanisms of Stress Response and Pathologies, Strasbourg, France
| | - Georg Mellitzer
- Inserm UMR_S 1113, Université de Strasbourg, Molecular Mechanisms of Stress Response and Pathologies, Strasbourg, France
| | - Christian Gaiddon
- Inserm UMR_S 1113, Université de Strasbourg, Molecular Mechanisms of Stress Response and Pathologies, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Tim Storr
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada.
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2
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Frongia G, Majlesara A, Saffari A, Abbasi DS, Gharabaghi N, Okun JG, Thiel C, Günther P, Vianna R, Mehrabi A. P2.59: Simultaneous Serial Transverse Enteroplasty (STEP) in Size Mismatch Small Bowel Transplantations. Transplantation 2019. [DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000576104.71684.c6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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3
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Woodward NC, Haghani A, Johnson RG, Hsu TM, Saffari A, Sioutas C, Kanoski SE, Finch CE, Morgan TE. Prenatal and early life exposure to air pollution induced hippocampal vascular leakage and impaired neurogenesis in association with behavioral deficits. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:261. [PMID: 30498214 PMCID: PMC6265287 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0317-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) is associated with a range of neurodevelopmental disorders in human populations. In rodent models, prenatal TRAP exposure increased depressive behaviors and increased brain microglial activity. To identify cellular mechanisms, we examined adult neurogenesis and the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in relation to cognition and motivated behaviors in rats that were exposed to a nano-sized TRAP subfraction from gestation into adulthood. At age 5 months, exposed male rats had 70% fewer newly generated neurons in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus. Microglia were activated in DG and CA1 subfields (35% more Iba1). The BBB was altered, with a 75% decrease of the tight junction protein ZO-1 in the CA1 layer, and twofold more iron deposits, a marker of microhemorrhages. The exposed rats had impaired contextual memory (novel object in context), reduced food-seeking behavior, and increased depressive behaviors (forced swim). Deficits of de novo neurogenesis were inversely correlated with depressive behavior, whereas increased microbleeds were inversely correlated with deficits in contextual memory. These findings give the first evidence that prenatal and early life exposure to TRAP impairs adult hippocampal neurogenesis and increases microbleeds in association with behavioral deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. C. Woodward
- 0000 0001 2156 6853grid.42505.36Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - A. Haghani
- 0000 0001 2156 6853grid.42505.36Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - R. G. Johnson
- 0000 0001 2156 6853grid.42505.36Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - T. M. Hsu
- 0000 0001 2156 6853grid.42505.36Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA ,0000 0001 2156 6853grid.42505.36Neuroscience Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - A. Saffari
- 0000 0001 2156 6853grid.42505.36Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - C. Sioutas
- 0000 0001 2156 6853grid.42505.36Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - S. E. Kanoski
- 0000 0001 2156 6853grid.42505.36Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA ,0000 0001 2156 6853grid.42505.36Neuroscience Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - C. E. Finch
- 0000 0001 2156 6853grid.42505.36Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA ,0000 0001 2156 6853grid.42505.36Dornsife College, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - T. E. Morgan
- 0000 0001 2156 6853grid.42505.36Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
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Cacciottolo M, Morgan T, Saffari A, Sioutas C, Chen J, Finch C. NEURODEGENERATIVE EFFECT OF NANOSIZED URBAN AIRBORNE PARTICULATE MATERIAL (NPM). Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.4208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Cacciottolo
- USC Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California,
| | - T. Morgan
- USC Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California,
| | - A. Saffari
- USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California,
| | - C. Sioutas
- USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California,
| | - J. Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - C.E. Finch
- USC Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California,
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Cacciottolo M, Morgan T, Saffari A, Sioutas C, Chen J, Finch C. NEURODEGENERATIVE EFFECT OF NANOSIZED URBAN AIRBORNE PARTICULATE MATERIAL (NPM). Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.2232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Cacciottolo
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California,
| | - T. Morgan
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California,
| | - A. Saffari
- USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California,
| | - C. Sioutas
- USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California,
| | - J. Chen
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - C.E. Finch
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California,
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Cacciottolo M, Wang X, Driscoll I, Woodward N, Saffari A, Reyes J, Serre ML, Vizuete W, Sioutas C, Morgan TE, Gatz M, Chui HC, Shumaker SA, Resnick SM, Espeland MA, Finch CE, Chen JC. Particulate air pollutants, APOE alleles and their contributions to cognitive impairment in older women and to amyloidogenesis in experimental models. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1022. [PMID: 28140404 PMCID: PMC5299391 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to particulate matter (PM) in the ambient air and its interactions with APOE alleles may contribute to the acceleration of brain aging and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Neurodegenerative effects of particulate air pollutants were examined in a US-wide cohort of older women from the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS) and in experimental mouse models. Residing in places with fine PM exceeding EPA standards increased the risks for global cognitive decline and all-cause dementia respectively by 81 and 92%, with stronger adverse effects in APOE ɛ4/4 carriers. Female EFAD transgenic mice (5xFAD+/-/human APOE ɛ3 or ɛ4+/+) with 225 h exposure to urban nanosized PM (nPM) over 15 weeks showed increased cerebral β-amyloid by thioflavin S for fibrillary amyloid and by immunocytochemistry for Aβ deposits, both exacerbated by APOE ɛ4. Moreover, nPM exposure increased Aβ oligomers, caused selective atrophy of hippocampal CA1 neurites, and decreased the glutamate GluR1 subunit. Wildtype C57BL/6 female mice also showed nPM-induced CA1 atrophy and GluR1 decrease. In vitro nPM exposure of neuroblastoma cells (N2a-APP/swe) increased the pro-amyloidogenic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). We suggest that airborne PM exposure promotes pathological brain aging in older women, with potentially a greater impact in ɛ4 carriers. The underlying mechanisms may involve increased cerebral Aβ production and selective changes in hippocampal CA1 neurons and glutamate receptor subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cacciottolo
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - X Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - I Driscoll
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - N Woodward
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A Saffari
- USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J Reyes
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - M L Serre
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - W Vizuete
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - C Sioutas
- USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - T E Morgan
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - M Gatz
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Memory and Aging Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - H C Chui
- Memory and Aging Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California,, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S A Shumaker
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - S M Resnick
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M A Espeland
- Division of Public Health Services, Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - C E Finch
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Memory and Aging Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J C Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Memory and Aging Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Aliani H, Kafaky SB, Saffari A, Monavari SM. Determining an appropriate method for the purpose of land allocation for ecotourism development (case study: Taleghan County, Iran). Environ Monit Assess 2016; 188:651. [PMID: 27815830 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5651-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Appropriate management and planning of suitable areas for the development of ecotourism activities can play an important role in ensuring proper use of the environment. Due to the complexity of nature, applying different tools and models-particularly multi-criteria methods-can be useful in order to achieve these goals. In this study, to indicate suitable areas (land allocation) for ecotourism activities in Taleghan county, weighted linear combination (WLC) using geographical information system (GIS), fuzzy logic, and analytical network process (ANP) were used. To compare the applicability of each of these methods in achieving the goal, the results were compared with the previous model presented by Makhdoum. The results showed that the WLC and ANP methods are more efficient than the Makhdoum model in allocating lands for recreational areas and ecotourism purposes since concomitant use of fuzzy logic and ANP for ranking and weighing the criteria provides us with more flexible and logical conditions. Furthermore, the mentioned method makes it possible to involve ecological, economic, and social criteria simultaneously in the evaluation process in order to allocate land for ecotourism purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Aliani
- Department of Environmental Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Babaie Kafaky
- Department of Forestry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - A Saffari
- Department of Geographical Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - S M Monavari
- Department of Environmental Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Ghafoory S, Mehrabi A, Hafezi M, Cheng X, Breitkopf-Heinlein K, Hick M, Huichalaf M, Herbel V, Saffari A, Wölfl S. Nuclear accumulation of CDH1 mRNA in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Oncogenesis 2015; 4:e152. [PMID: 26029826 PMCID: PMC4753520 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2015.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of E-cadherin has a central role in maintaining epithelial morphology. In solid tumors, reduction of E-cadherin results in disruption of intercellular contacts. Consequently, cells lose adhesive properties and gain more invasive mesenchymal properties. Nevertheless, the mechanism of E-cadherin regulation is not completely elucidated. Here we analyzed the distribution of E-cadherin expression at the cell level in human hepatocellular carcinoma, in which human liver paraffin blocks from 25 hepatocellular carcinoma patients were prepared from cancerous (CA) and noncancerous areas (NCA). In situ hybridization (ISH) was performed to detect E-cadherin and hypoxia-induced factor-1α (HIF1α) mRNAs and immunohistochemistry to stain E-cadherin protein. In parallel, RNA was extracted from CA and NCA, and E-cadherin and HIF1α were quantified by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. ISH revealed abundant E-cadherin mRNA in nuclei of hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCCs), whereas immunohistochemistry showed depletion of E-cadherin protein from these areas. In sections of NCA, E-cadherin mRNA was also found in the cytosol, and E-cadherin protein was detected on the membrane of cells. Experiments in cell lines confirmed E-cadherin mRNA in nuclei of cells negative for E-cadherin protein. HIF1α expression is elevated in CAs, which is associated with a clear cytosolic staining for this mRNA. Our results demonstrate that E-caderhin mRNA is selectively retained in nuclei of HCCs, whereas other mRNAs are still exported, suggesting that translocation of E-cadherin mRNA from nuclei to cytoplasm has a role in regulating E-cadherin protein levels during epithelial mesenchymal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ghafoory
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Mehrabi
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation surgery, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Hafezi
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation surgery, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - X Cheng
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Breitkopf-Heinlein
- Molecular Hepatology-Alcohol Associated Diseases, II. Medical Clinic, Faculty of Medicine at Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - M Hick
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Huichalaf
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V Herbel
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Saffari
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation surgery, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Wölfl
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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9
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März K, Hafezi M, Weller T, Saffari A, Nolden M, Fard N, Majlesara A, Zelzer S, Maleshkova M, Volovyk M, Gharabaghi N, Wagner M, Emami G, Engelhardt S, Fetzer A, Kenngott H, Rezai N, Rettinger A, Studer R, Mehrabi A, Maier-Hein L. Toward knowledge-based liver surgery: holistic information processing for surgical decision support. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg 2015; 10:749-59. [PMID: 25847671 DOI: 10.1007/s11548-015-1187-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Malignant neoplasms of the liver are among the most frequent cancers worldwide. Given the diversity of options for liver cancer therapy, the choice of treatment depends on various parameters including patient condition, tumor size and location, liver function, and previous interventions. To address this issue, we present the first approach to treatment strategy planning based on holistic processing of patient-individual data, practical knowledge (i.e., case knowledge), and factual knowledge (e.g., clinical guidelines and studies). METHODS The contributions of this paper are as follows: (1) a formalized dynamic patient model that incorporates all the heterogeneous data acquired for a specific patient in the whole course of disease treatment; (2) a concept for formalizing factual knowledge; and (3) a technical infrastructure that enables storing, accessing, and processing of heterogeneous data to support clinical decision making. RESULTS Our patient model, which currently covers 602 patient-individual parameters, was successfully instantiated for 184 patients. It was sufficiently comprehensive to serve as the basis for the formalization of a total of 72 rules extracted from studies on patients with colorectal liver metastases or hepatocellular carcinoma. For a subset of 70 patients with these diagnoses, the system derived an average of [Formula: see text] assertions per patient. CONCLUSION The proposed concept paves the way for holistic treatment strategy planning by enabling joint storing and processing of heterogeneous data from various information sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- K März
- Department of Medical and Biological Informatics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany,
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Fard N, Rezaei N, Emmami G, Saffari A, Golriz M, Mehrabi A, Schlemmer HP, Delorme S. Evaluation of hepatic flow changes in early stages after extended hepatectomy by contrast enhanced ultrasound. Cancer Imaging 2014. [PMCID: PMC4242768 DOI: 10.1186/1470-7330-14-s1-p35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- N Fard
- German Cancer Research Center, Department of Surgery, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - N Rezaei
- German Cancer Research Center, Department of Surgery, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - G Emmami
- German Cancer Research Center, Department of Surgery, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - A Saffari
- German Cancer Research Center, Department of Surgery, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - M Golriz
- German Cancer Research Center, Department of Surgery, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - A Mehrabi
- German Cancer Research Center, Department of Surgery, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - H-P Schlemmer
- German Cancer Research Center, Department of Surgery, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - S Delorme
- German Cancer Research Center, Department of Surgery, Heidelberg University, Germany
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