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Bonyár A, Nagy ÁG, Gunstheimer H, Fläschner G, Horvath R. Hydrodynamic function and spring constant calibration of FluidFM micropipette cantilevers. Microsyst Nanoeng 2024; 10:26. [PMID: 38370396 PMCID: PMC10874374 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-023-00629-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Fluidic force microscopy (FluidFM) fuses the force sensitivity of atomic force microscopy with the manipulation capabilities of microfluidics by using microfabricated cantilevers with embedded fluidic channels. This innovation initiated new research and development directions in biology, biophysics, and material science. To acquire reliable and reproducible data, the calibration of the force sensor is crucial. Importantly, the hollow FluidFM cantilevers contain a row of parallel pillars inside a rectangular beam. The precise spring constant calibration of the internally structured cantilever is far from trivial, and existing methods generally assume simplifications that are not applicable to these special types of cantilevers. In addition, the Sader method, which is currently implemented by the FluidFM community, relies on the precise measurement of the quality factor, which renders the calibration of the spring constant sensitive to noise. In this study, the hydrodynamic function of these special types of hollow cantilevers was experimentally determined with different instruments. Based on the hydrodynamic function, a novel spring constant calibration method was adapted, which relied only on the two resonance frequencies of the cantilever, measured in air and in a liquid. Based on these results, our proposed method can be successfully used for the reliable, noise-free calibration of hollow FluidFM cantilevers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Bonyár
- Department of Electronics Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágoston G. Nagy
- Department of Electronics Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
- Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, HUN-REN, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | - Robert Horvath
- Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, HUN-REN, Budapest, Hungary
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Renkó JB, Romanenko A, Bíró T, Szabó PJ, Petrik P, Bonyár A. Investigating the kinetics of layer development during the color etching of low-carbon steel with in-situ spectroscopic ellipsometry. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25271. [PMID: 38333814 PMCID: PMC10850525 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Color etching is a useful corrosive process, widely applied in metallography to study the microstructure of metals. To prove the existence of the previously hypothesized steady-state etching rate, in-situ investigations were performed with spectroscopic ellipsometry during the color etching of ferritic materials. Kinetic information regarding the refractive index, extinction coefficient, and layer thickness were used to calculate the steady-state layer buildup rate, which was 1.90 ± 0.15 nm/s for low-carbon steel and 0.99 ± 0.06 nm/s for cast iron owing to its better corrosion resistance. The presented methodology and findings could help understanding other processes that involve the development of layers on metallic surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- József Bálint Renkó
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111, Budapest, Bertalan Lajos street 7, Hungary
| | - Alekszej Romanenko
- Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Konkoly Thege Str. 29-33, 1121, Budapest, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Bíró
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111, Budapest, Bertalan Lajos street 7, Hungary
| | - Péter János Szabó
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111, Budapest, Bertalan Lajos street 7, Hungary
| | - Péter Petrik
- Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Konkoly Thege Str. 29-33, 1121, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Bonyár
- Department of Electronics Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111, Budapest, Egry József street 18, Hungary
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Szalóki M, Csarnovics I, Bonyár A, Ungor D, Csapó E, Sápi A, Hegedűs C. Plasmonic Effect of Gold-Patchy Silica Nanoparticles on Green Light-Photopolymerizable Dental Resin. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:2554. [PMID: 37764583 PMCID: PMC10534508 DOI: 10.3390/nano13182554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
A low ratio of polymerization is a major problem in resin-based composites. In this paper, the plasmonic effect of gold-covered silica nanoparticles on the physicochemical and mechanical properties of bisphenol A diglycidyl dimethacrylate (Bis-GMA), triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) and urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) green light-photopolymerizable dental resin was investigated at an intensity of 1.4 mW/cm2 for 40 s. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed silica of about 350 nm covered with 12-15 nm gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) at 100% nominal coverage. Five different concentrations of bare and patchy silica particles were used; in the latter composite, the calculated Au wt% were 0.0052 wt%, 0.0104 wt%, 0.0208 wt%, 0.04160 wt%, and 0.0823 wt%. The plasmon peak of patchy silica-filled nanocomposite overlapped with the absorption of Irgacure 784 photoinitiator and green LED light emission peak. The effect of plasmon-enhanced polymerization achieved with green light illumination was analyzed using diametral tensile strength (DTS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi), and degree of conversion (DC) based on Raman spectroscopy. The values of the Au NP with 0.0208 wt% was found to be maximum in all the measured data. Based on our result, it can be concluded that the application of patchy silica particles in dental resin can improve the polymerization ratio and the mechanical parameters of the composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Szalóki
- Department of Biomaterials and Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Csarnovics
- Department of Experimental Physics, Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, H-4026 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Bonyár
- Department of Electronics Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ditta Ungor
- MTA-SZTE Lendület "Momentum" Noble Metal Nanostructures Research Group, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Interdisciplinary Excellence Center, Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Edit Csapó
- MTA-SZTE Lendület "Momentum" Noble Metal Nanostructures Research Group, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Interdisciplinary Excellence Center, Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - András Sápi
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csaba Hegedűs
- Department of Biomaterials and Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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Bonyár A, Kovács R. Towards Digital Twins of Plasmonic Sensors: Constructing the Complex Numerical Model of a Plasmonic Sensor Based on Hexagonally Arranged Gold Nanoparticles. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:2044. [PMID: 37513055 PMCID: PMC10383685 DOI: 10.3390/nano13142044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we aim to design the digital twin of a plasmonic sensor based on hexagonally arranged ellipsoidal gold nanoparticles fixed to a glass substrate. Based on electron microscopy images of three experimentally realized nanoparticle arrangement types, we constructed numerical models in environments based on finite element method (FEM) and boundary element method (BEM), namely COMSOL Multiphysics for FEM and the MNPBEM Matlab Toolbox for BEM. Models with nonperiodic and periodic boundary conditions with different unit cells were constructed to study the plasmonic behavior of both the single ellipsoidal particles and the hexagonal nanoparticle arrangements. The effect of the geometrical parameters, namely the interparticle distance, the nanoparticle diameter and thickness, on the resulting LSPR peak positions and bulk refractive index sensitivities were studied in detail, also taking into account the effect of the SiO2 substrate (pillars) under the ellipsoidal particles. We have demonstrated that by optimizing the models, the LSPR peak positions (and sensitivities) can match the experimentally measured values within 1 nm (nm/RIU) precision. The comparison of simulation conditions and the detailed discussion of the effect of the geometrical parameters and used gold dielectric functions on the obtained sensitivities can be very beneficial for the optimization of plasmonic sensor constructions through numerical simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Bonyár
- Department of Electronics Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
- Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1525 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rebeka Kovács
- Department of Electronics Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
- Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1525 Budapest, Hungary
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Tartagni O, Borók A, Mensà E, Bonyár A, Monti B, Hofkens J, Porcelli AM, Zuccheri G. Microstructured soft devices for the growth and analysis of populations of homogenous multicellular tumor spheroids. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:93. [PMID: 36929461 PMCID: PMC10020259 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04748-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Multicellular tumor spheroids are rapidly emerging as an improved in vitro model with respect to more traditional 2D culturing. Microwell culturing is a simple and accessible method for generating a large number of uniformly sized spheroids, but commercially available systems often do not enable researchers to perform complete culturing and analysis pipelines and the mechanical properties of their culture environment are not commonly matching those of the target tissue. We herein report a simple method to obtain custom-designed self-built microwell arrays made of polydimethylsiloxane or agarose for uniform 3D cell structure generation. Such materials can provide an environment of tunable mechanical flexibility. We developed protocols to culture a variety of cancer and non-cancer cell lines in such devices and to perform molecular and imaging characterizations of the spheroid growth, viability, and response to pharmacological treatments. Hundreds of tumor spheroids grow (in scaffolded or scaffold-free conditions) at homogeneous rates and can be harvested at will. Microscopy imaging can be performed in situ during or at the end of the culture. Fluorescence (confocal) microscopy can be performed after in situ staining while retaining the geographic arrangement of spheroids in the plate wells. This platform can enable statistically robust investigations on cancer biology and screening of drug treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ottavia Tartagni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via San Donato, 19/2, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alexandra Borók
- Department of Electronics Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Emanuela Mensà
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via San Donato, 19/2, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Attila Bonyár
- Department of Electronics Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Barbara Monti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via San Donato, 19/2, 40127, Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research on Health Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Johan Hofkens
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anna Maria Porcelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via San Donato, 19/2, 40127, Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research on Health Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Zuccheri
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via San Donato, 19/2, 40127, Bologna, Italy.
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research on Health Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
- S3 Center, Institute of Nanoscience, Italian National Research Council, Modena, Italy.
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Bonyár A, Szalóki M, Borók A, Rigó I, Kámán J, Zangana S, Veres M, Rácz P, Aladi M, Kedves MÁ, Szokol Á, Petrik P, Fogarassy Z, Molnár K, Csete M, Szenes A, Tóth E, Vas D, Papp I, Galbács G, Csernai LP, Biró TS, Kroó N, Collaboration NAPLIFE. The Effect of Femtosecond Laser Irradiation and Plasmon Field on the Degree of Conversion of a UDMA-TEGDMA Copolymer Nanocomposite Doped with Gold Nanorods. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113575. [PMID: 36362358 PMCID: PMC9657072 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, the effects of femtosecond laser irradiation and doping with plasmonic gold nanorods on the degree of conversion (DC) of a urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA)–triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) nanocomposite were investigated. The UDMA-TEGDMA photopolymer was prepared in a 3:1 weight ratio and doped with dodecanethiol- (DDT) capped gold nanorods of 25 × 75 or 25 × 85 nm nominal diameter and length. It was found that the presence of the gold nanorods alone (without direct plasmonic excitation) can increase the DC of the photopolymer by 6–15%. This increase was found to be similar to what could be achieved with a control heat treatment of 30 min at 180 °C. It was also shown that femtosecond laser impulses (795 nm, 5 mJ pulse energy, 50 fs pulse length, 2.83 Jcm−2 fluence), applied after the photopolymerization under a standard dental curing lamp, can cause a 2–7% increase in the DC of undoped samples, even after thermal pre-treatment. The best DC values (12–15% increase) were obtained with combined nanorod doping and subsequent laser irradiation close to the plasmon resonance peak of the nanorods (760–800 nm), which proves that the excited plasmon field can directly facilitate double bond breakage (without thermoplasmonic effects due to the short pulse length) and increase the crosslink density independently from the initial photopolymerization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Bonyár
- Department of Electronics Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Budapest University for Economics and Informatics, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-(1)-4632758
| | - Melinda Szalóki
- Department of Biomaterials and Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Borók
- Department of Electronics Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Budapest University for Economics and Informatics, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, 1525 Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Rigó
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, 1525 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Kámán
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, 1525 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Shereen Zangana
- Department of Electronics Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Budapest University for Economics and Informatics, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Veres
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, 1525 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Rácz
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, 1525 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márk Aladi
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, 1525 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Ágnes Szokol
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, 1525 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Petrik
- Centre for Energy Research, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science (MFA), 1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Fogarassy
- Centre for Energy Research, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science (MFA), 1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kolos Molnár
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mária Csete
- Department of Optics and Quantum Electronics, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - András Szenes
- Department of Optics and Quantum Electronics, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Emese Tóth
- Department of Optics and Quantum Electronics, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dávid Vas
- Department of Optics and Quantum Electronics, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - István Papp
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, 1525 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Galbács
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - László P. Csernai
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, 1525 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Tamás S. Biró
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, 1525 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Norbert Kroó
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, 1525 Budapest, Hungary
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1051 Budapest, Hungary
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Nagy ÁG, Székács I, Bonyár A, Horvath R. Cell-substratum and cell-cell adhesion forces and single-cell mechanical properties in mono- and multilayer assemblies from robotic fluidic force microscopy. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151273. [PMID: 36088812 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelium covers, protects, and actively regulates various formations and cavities of the human body. During embryonic development the assembly of the epithelium is crucial to the organoid formation, and the invasion of the epithelium is an essential step in cancer metastasis. Live cell mechanical properties and associated forces presumably play an important role in these biological processes. However, the direct measurement of cellular forces in a precise and high-throughput manner is still challenging. We studied the cellular adhesion maturation of epithelial Vero monolayers by measuring single-cell force-spectra with high-throughput fluidic force microscopy (robotic FluidFM). Vero cells were grown on gelatin-covered plates in different seeding concentrations, and cell detachment forces were recorded from the single-cell state, through clustered island formation, to their complete assembly into a sparse and then into a tight monolayer. A methodology was proposed to separate cell-substratum and cell-cell adhesion force and energy (work of adhesion) contributions based on the recorded force-distance curves. For comparison, cancerous HeLa cells were also measured in the same settings. During Vero monolayer formation, a significantly strengthening adhesive tendency was found, showing the development of cell-cell contacts. Interestingly, this type of step-by-step maturation was absent in HeLa cells. The attachment of cancerous HeLa cells to the assembled epithelial monolayers was also measured, proposing a new high-throughput method to investigate the biomechanics of cancer cell invasion. We found that HeLa cells adhere significantly stronger to the tight Vero monolayer than cells of the same origin. Moreover, the mechanical characteristics of Vero monolayers upon cancerous HeLa cell influence were recorded and analyzed. All these results provide insight into the qualitative assessment of cell-substratum and cell-cell mechanical contacts in mono- and multilayered assemblies and demonstrate the robustness and speed of the robotic FluidFM technology to reveal biomechanical properties of live cell assemblies with statistical significances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágoston G Nagy
- Department of Electronics Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary; Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Inna Székács
- Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Bonyár
- Department of Electronics Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Robert Horvath
- Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary.
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8
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Nagy ÁG, Székács I, Bonyár A, Horvath R. Simple and automatic monitoring of cancer cell invasion into an epithelial monolayer using label-free holographic microscopy. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10111. [PMID: 35710696 PMCID: PMC9203807 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14034-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The invasiveness of cancer cells describes the metastasizing capability of a primary tumor. The straightforward detection and quantification of cancer cell invasion are important to predict the survival rate of a cancer patient and to test how anti-cancer compounds influence cancer progression. Digital holographic microscopy based M4 Holomonitor (HM) is a technique that allows the label-free monitoring of cell morphological and kinetical parameters in real-time. Here, a fully confluent epithelial monolayer derived from the African green monkey kidney (Vero) on a gelatin-coated surface was established, then HeLa cells were seeded on top of the monolayer, and their behavior was monitored for 24 h using HM. Several cancer cells showing invasiveness were detected during this period, while other HeLa cells did not show any signs of aggressivity. It was demonstrated that the invasion of single cancer cells is soundly observable and also quantifiable through monitoring parameters such as phase shift, optical volume, area, and motility, which parameters can easily be obtained and processed automatically. Based on the experimental data, the invasion speed of cancer cells entering the epithelial layer can be defined as the shrinking of detected single-cell volume per unit time. The invasion speed and its correlation with cell migration parameters were analyzed in depth. A clear linear relationship between migration and invasion speed was found, cancer cells with stronger migration have slower invasion speed. These results not only describe the effect of how cancer cells invade the underlying monolayer in contrast to non-invasive HeLa cells, but could help in future research to optimize drugs affecting cell invasibility in a fully automated, label-free and high-throughput manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágoston G Nagy
- Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Electronics Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Inna Székács
- Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Bonyár
- Department of Electronics Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Robert Horvath
- Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary.
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Bonyár A. Correction: Bonyár, A. Maximizing the Surface Sensitivity of LSPR Biosensors through Plasmon Coupling—Interparticle Gap Optimization for Dimers Using Computational Simulations. Biosensors 2021, 11, 527. Biosensors 2022; 12:bios12060411. [PMID: 35735581 PMCID: PMC9220904 DOI: 10.3390/bios12060411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the original publication [...]
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Bonyár
- Department of Electronics Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
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10
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Nagy ÁG, Kanyó N, Vörös A, Székács I, Bonyár A, Horvath R. Population distributions of single-cell adhesion parameters during the cell cycle from high-throughput robotic fluidic force microscopy. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7747. [PMID: 35546603 PMCID: PMC9095720 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11770-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-cell adhesion plays an essential role in biological and biomedical sciences, but its precise measurement for a large number of cells is still a challenging task. At present, typical force measuring techniques usually offer low throughput, a few cells per day, and therefore are unable to uncover phenomena emerging at the population level. In this work, robotic fluidic force microscopy (FluidFM) was utilized to measure the adhesion parameters of cells in a high-throughput manner to study their population distributions in-depth. The investigated cell type was the genetically engineered HeLa Fucci construct with cell cycle-dependent expression of fluorescent proteins. This feature, combined with the high-throughput measurement made it possible for the first time to characterize the single-cell adhesion distributions at various stages of the cell cycle. It was found that parameters such as single-cell adhesion force and energy follow a lognormal population distribution. Therefore, conclusions based on adhesion data of a low number of cells or treating the population as normally distributed can be misleading. Moreover, we found that the cell area was significantly the smallest, and the area normalized maximal adhesion force was significantly the largest for the colorless cells (the mitotic (M) and early G1 phases). Notably, the parameter characterizing the elongation of the cells until the maximum level of force between the cell and its substratum was also dependent on the cell cycle, which quantity was the smallest for the colorless cells. A novel parameter, named the spring coefficient of the cell, was introduced as the fraction of maximal adhesion force and maximal cell elongation during the mechanical detachment, which was found to be significantly the largest for the colorless cells. Cells in the M phase adhere in atypical way, with so-called reticular adhesions, which are different from canonical focal adhesions. We first revealed that reticular adhesion can exert a higher force per unit area than canonical focal adhesions, and cells in this phase are significantly stiffer. The possible biological consequences of these findings were also discussed, together with the practical relevance of the observed population-level adhesion phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágoston G Nagy
- Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Electronics Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nicolett Kanyó
- Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Vörös
- Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Inna Székács
- Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Bonyár
- Department of Electronics Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Robert Horvath
- Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary.
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Farkas E, Tarr R, Gerecsei T, Saftics A, Kovács KD, Stercz B, Domokos J, Peter B, Kurunczi S, Szekacs I, Bonyár A, Bányai A, Fürjes P, Ruszkai-Szaniszló S, Varga M, Szabó B, Ostorházi E, Szabó D, Horvath R. Development and In-Depth Characterization of Bacteria Repellent and Bacteria Adhesive Antibody-Coated Surfaces Using Optical Waveguide Biosensing. Biosensors (Basel) 2022; 12:bios12020056. [PMID: 35200317 PMCID: PMC8869200 DOI: 10.3390/bios12020056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria repellent surfaces and antibody-based coatings for bacterial assays have shown a growing demand in the field of biosensors, and have crucial importance in the design of biomedical devices. However, in-depth investigations and comparisons of possible solutions are still missing. The optical waveguide lightmode spectroscopy (OWLS) technique offers label-free, non-invasive, in situ characterization of protein and bacterial adsorption. Moreover, it has excellent flexibility for testing various surface coatings. Here, we describe an OWLS-based method supporting the development of bacteria repellent surfaces and characterize the layer structures and affinities of different antibody-based coatings for bacterial assays. In order to test nonspecific binding blocking agents against bacteria, OWLS chips were coated with bovine serum albumin (BSA), I-block, PAcrAM-g-(PMOXA, NH2, Si), (PAcrAM-P) and PLL-g-PEG (PP) (with different coating temperatures), and subsequent Escherichia coli adhesion was monitored. We found that the best performing blocking agents could inhibit bacterial adhesion from samples with bacteria concentrations of up to 107 cells/mL. Various immobilization methods were applied to graft a wide range of selected antibodies onto the biosensor's surface. Simple physisorption, Mix&Go (AnteoBind) (MG) films, covalently immobilized protein A and avidin-biotin based surface chemistries were all fabricated and tested. The surface adsorbed mass densities of deposited antibodies were determined, and the biosensor;s kinetic data were evaluated to divine the possible orientations of the bacteria-capturing antibodies and determine the rate constants and footprints of the binding events. The development of affinity layers was supported by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) measurements in order to test the bacteria binding capabilities of the antibodies. The best performance in the biosensor measurements was achieved by employing a polyclonal antibody in combination with protein A-based immobilization and PAcrAM-P blocking of nonspecific binding. Using this setting, a surface sensitivity of 70 cells/mm2 was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eniko Farkas
- Centre for Energy Research, Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, 1121 Budapest, Hungary; (E.F.); (R.T.); (T.G.); (A.S.); (K.D.K.); (B.P.); (S.K.); (I.S.)
| | - Robert Tarr
- Centre for Energy Research, Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, 1121 Budapest, Hungary; (E.F.); (R.T.); (T.G.); (A.S.); (K.D.K.); (B.P.); (S.K.); (I.S.)
- Department of Electronics Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Tamás Gerecsei
- Centre for Energy Research, Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, 1121 Budapest, Hungary; (E.F.); (R.T.); (T.G.); (A.S.); (K.D.K.); (B.P.); (S.K.); (I.S.)
- Department of Biological Physics, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andras Saftics
- Centre for Energy Research, Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, 1121 Budapest, Hungary; (E.F.); (R.T.); (T.G.); (A.S.); (K.D.K.); (B.P.); (S.K.); (I.S.)
| | - Kinga Dóra Kovács
- Centre for Energy Research, Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, 1121 Budapest, Hungary; (E.F.); (R.T.); (T.G.); (A.S.); (K.D.K.); (B.P.); (S.K.); (I.S.)
- Department of Biological Physics, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balazs Stercz
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (B.S.); (J.D.); (E.O.); (D.S.)
| | - Judit Domokos
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (B.S.); (J.D.); (E.O.); (D.S.)
| | - Beatrix Peter
- Centre for Energy Research, Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, 1121 Budapest, Hungary; (E.F.); (R.T.); (T.G.); (A.S.); (K.D.K.); (B.P.); (S.K.); (I.S.)
| | - Sandor Kurunczi
- Centre for Energy Research, Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, 1121 Budapest, Hungary; (E.F.); (R.T.); (T.G.); (A.S.); (K.D.K.); (B.P.); (S.K.); (I.S.)
| | - Inna Szekacs
- Centre for Energy Research, Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, 1121 Budapest, Hungary; (E.F.); (R.T.); (T.G.); (A.S.); (K.D.K.); (B.P.); (S.K.); (I.S.)
| | - Attila Bonyár
- Department of Electronics Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Anita Bányai
- Centre for Energy Research, Microsystems Lab, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, 1121 Budapest, Hungary; (A.B.); (P.F.)
| | - Péter Fürjes
- Centre for Energy Research, Microsystems Lab, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, 1121 Budapest, Hungary; (A.B.); (P.F.)
| | | | - Máté Varga
- 77 Elektronika Ltd., 1116 Budapest, Hungary; (S.R.-S.); (M.V.); (B.S.)
| | - Barnabás Szabó
- 77 Elektronika Ltd., 1116 Budapest, Hungary; (S.R.-S.); (M.V.); (B.S.)
| | - Eszter Ostorházi
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (B.S.); (J.D.); (E.O.); (D.S.)
| | - Dóra Szabó
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (B.S.); (J.D.); (E.O.); (D.S.)
| | - Robert Horvath
- Centre for Energy Research, Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, 1121 Budapest, Hungary; (E.F.); (R.T.); (T.G.); (A.S.); (K.D.K.); (B.P.); (S.K.); (I.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Bonyár A. Maximizing the Surface Sensitivity of LSPR Biosensors through Plasmon Coupling-Interparticle Gap Optimization for Dimers Using Computational Simulations. Biosensors (Basel) 2021; 11:bios11120527. [PMID: 34940284 PMCID: PMC8699530 DOI: 10.3390/bios11120527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The bulk and surface refractive index sensitivities of LSPR biosensors, consisting of coupled plasmonic nanosphere and nano-ellipsoid dimers, were investigated by simulations using the boundary element method (BEM). The enhancement factor, defined as the ratio of plasmon extinction peak shift of multi-particle and single-particle arrangements caused by changes in the refractive index of the environment, was used to quantify the effect of coupling on the increased sensitivity of the dimers. The bulk refractive index sensitivity (RIS) was obtained by changing the dielectric medium surrounding the nanoparticles, while the surface sensitivity was modeled by depositing dielectric layers on the nanoparticle in an increasing thickness. The results show that by optimizing the interparticle gaps for a given layer thickness, up to ~80% of the optical response range of the nanoparticles can be utilized by confining the plasmon field between the particles, which translates into an enhancement of ~3-4 times compared to uncoupled, single particles with the same shape and size. The results also show that in these cases, the surface sensitivity enhancement is significantly higher than the bulk RI sensitivity enhancement (e.g., 3.2 times vs. 1.8 times for nanospheres with a 70 nm diameter), and thus the sensors' response for molecular interactions is higher than their RIS would indicate. These results underline the importance of plasmonic coupling in the optimization of nanoparticle arrangements for biosensor applications. The interparticle gap should be tailored with respect to the size of the used receptor/target molecules to maximize the molecular sensitivity, and the presented methodology can effectively aid the optimization of fabrication technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Bonyár
- Department of Electronics Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
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Borók A, Laboda K, Bonyár A. PDMS Bonding Technologies for Microfluidic Applications: A Review. Biosensors (Basel) 2021; 11:292. [PMID: 34436094 PMCID: PMC8394141 DOI: 10.3390/bios11080292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes and compares the available surface treatment and bonding techniques (e.g., corona triggered surface activation, oxygen plasma surface activation, chemical gluing, and mixed techniques) and quality/bond-strength testing methods (e.g., pulling test, shear test, peel test, leakage test) for bonding PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) with other materials, such as PDMS, glass, silicon, PET (polyethylene terephthalate), PI (polyimide), PMMA (poly(methyl methacrylate)), PVC (polyvinyl chloride), PC (polycarbonate), COC (cyclic olefin copolymer), PS (polystyrene) and PEN (polyethylene naphthalate). The optimized process parameters for the best achievable bond strengths are collected for each substrate, and the advantages and disadvantages of each method are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Attila Bonyár
- Department of Electronics Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; (A.B.); (K.L.)
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Szántó G, Csarnovics I, Bonyár A. Numerical investigation of the refractive index sensitivity of Au/Ag core-shell nanostructures for sensing applications. Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2021.100414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Kovács KD, Novák M, Hajnal Z, Hős C, Szabó B, Székács I, Fang Y, Bonyár A, Horvath R. Label-free tracking of whole-cell response on RGD functionalized surfaces to varied flow velocities generated by fluidic rotation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 599:620-630. [PMID: 33984760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.04.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluidic flow plays important roles in colloid and interface sciences. Measuring adsorption, aggregation processes and living cell behavior under a fluidic environment with varied flow velocities in a parallel and high-throughput manner remains to be a challenging task. Here a method is introduced to monitor cell response to well-defined flow with varied velocities over an array of label-free resonant waveguide grating (RWG) based optical biosensors. The arrangement consists of a circular well with an array of biosensors at the bottom surface. By rotating the liquid over the biosensor array using a magnetic stirrer bar, flow velocities from zero to a predefined maximum can be easily established over different locations within the biosensor array as characterized in detail by numerical simulations. Cell adhesion and detachment measurements on an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide functionalized surface were performed to demonstrate i) measurements at a wide range of simultaneous flow velocities over the same interface; ii) the possibility of parallel measurements at the same flow conditions in one run; and iii) the simple tuning of the employed range of flow velocities. Our setup made it possible to analyze the magnitude and rate of cell detachment at various flow velocities in parallel and determine the critical velocity and force where cells start to detach from the RGD motif displaying biomimetic surface. Furthermore, cellular response to simultaneous mechanical (flow) and chemical stimulation was also investigated using trypsin as a model. This study opens a new possibility to investigate interface phenomena under predefined and conveniently varied flow conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Dóra Kovács
- Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, ELKH EK MFA, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Biological Physics, Eötvös University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Martin Novák
- Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, ELKH EK MFA, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Hajnal
- Microsystems Laboratory, ELKH EK MFA, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Hős
- Department of Hydrodynamic Systems, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bálint Szabó
- Department of Biological Physics, Eötvös University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Inna Székács
- Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, ELKH EK MFA, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ye Fang
- EIG New Programs, Corning Research and Development Corporation, Corning Incorporated, NY, USA
| | - Attila Bonyár
- Department of Electronics Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Robert Horvath
- Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, ELKH EK MFA, Budapest, Hungary.
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Burunkova J, Alkhalil D, Svjazhina D, Bonyár A, Csarnovics I, Kokenyesi S. Influence of gold nanoparticles in polymer nanocomposite on space-temporal-irradiation dependent diffraction grating recording. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Lednický T, Bonyár A. Large Scale Fabrication of Ordered Gold Nanoparticle-Epoxy Surface Nanocomposites and Their Application as Label-Free Plasmonic DNA Biosensors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:4804-4814. [PMID: 31904921 PMCID: PMC7307838 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b20907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A robust and scalable technology to fabricate ordered gold nanoparticle arrangements on epoxy substrates is presented. The nanoparticles are synthesized by solid-state dewetting on nanobowled aluminum templates, which are prepared by the selective chemical etching of porous anodic alumina (PAA) grown on an aluminum sheet with controlled anodic oxidation. This flexible fabrication technology provides proper control over the nanoparticle size, shape, and interparticle distance over a large surface area (several cm2), which enables the fine-tuning and optimization of their plasmonic absorption spectra for LSPR and SERS applications between 535 and 625 nm. The nanoparticles are transferred to the surface of epoxy substrates, which are subsequently selectively etched. The resulting nanomushrooms arrangements consist of ordered epoxy nanopillars with flat, disk-shaped nanoparticles on top, and their bulk refractive index sensitivity is between 83 and 108 nm RIU-1. Label-free DNA detection is successfully demonstrated with the sensors by using a 20 base pair long specific DNA sequence from the parasite Giardia lamblia. A red-shift of 6.6 nm in the LSPR absorbance spectrum was detected after the 2 h hybridization with 1 μM target DNA, and the achievable LOD was around 5 nM. The reported plasmonic sensor is one of the first surface AuNP/polymer nanocomposites ever reported for the successful label-free detection of DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Lednický
- CEITEC - Central
European Institute of Technology, Brno University
of Technology, Brno 612 00, Czech Republic
| | - Attila Bonyár
- Department of Electronics Technology, Budapest
University of Technology and Economics, Budapest H-1111, Hungary
- E-mail: (A.B.)
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Burunkova J, Ohoueu MJ, Csarnovics I, Veres M, Bonyár A, Kokenyesi S. Peculiarities of interaction of gold nanoparticles with photoinitiators in polymer nanocomposites for holographic recording. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zhuk D, Burunkova J, Denisyuk IY, Miroshnichenko G, Csarnovics I, Tóth D, Bonyár A, Veres M, Kokenyesi S. Peculiarities of photonic crystal recording in functional polymer nanocomposites by multibeam interference holography. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Bonyár A, Lednický T, Hubálek J. LSPR Nanosensors with Highly Ordered Gold Nanoparticles Fabricated on Nanodimpled Aluminium Templates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2016.11.390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
A gray cast iron specimen was investigated by color and chemical etching with optical and atomic force microscopy, and the effect of grain orientation on the effectiveness of etching was examined. It was proven that the grain orientation dependence of chemical and color etching is just the opposite, and that the specimen surface after color etching is not uniformly smooth. Explanation for the layer structure of the color etched iron specimen is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Bonyár
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Electronics Technology, H-1111 Budapest, Goldmann sqr. 3, Hungary.
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Szabó PJ, Bonyár A. Effect of grain orientation on chemical etching. Micron 2012; 43:349-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2011.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Bonyár A, Molnár LM, Harsányi G. Localization factor: A new parameter for the quantitative characterization of surface structure with atomic force microscopy (AFM). Micron 2012; 43:305-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2011.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Revised: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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