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Nazemi P, SeyedAlinaghi S, Azarnoush A, Mabadi A, Khaneshan AS, Salehi M. Serum C-reactive protein greater than 75 mg/dL as an early available laboratory predictor of severe COVID-19: A systematic review. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e1130. [PMID: 38156391 PMCID: PMC10753867 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Severe COVID-19 management is still challenging. Having a laboratory factor to predict the severity of a patient's condition can be very useful in how to approach each patient. There have been studies concentrating on the correlation between serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level and COVID-19 severity but we aim to reach a threshold for CRP in disease severity determination. METHODS We conducted a thorough search on PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases from early 2019 to October 2021, and 323 studies were assessed for eligibility in three phases. We used the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale to examine the validity of the studies. The t-test was applied for the CRP level cutoffs. RESULTS Eventually, 11 articles and 1615 patients were included in this systematic review. Our analysis evaluated combined mean, median, and standard deviation of severe patients' CRP to be respectively 73.37, 53.80, and 47.936. Based on the combined mean, 75 mg/dL was suggested as an initial threshold for baseline CRP in hospitalized patients for developing severe conditions. CONCLUSION This study recommends that COVID-19 patients with on-admission serum CRP levels of 75 mg/dL and more are likely associated with severe conditions. Thus, anti-inflammatory agents and further following may be helpful in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pershang Nazemi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imam Khomeini and Yas Hospital ComplexTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High‐Risk BehaviorsTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Ayein Azarnoush
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High‐Risk BehaviorsTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Medical SchoolAlborz University of Medical SciencesKarajIran
| | - Avin Mabadi
- Medical SchoolIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Arezoo Salami Khaneshan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imam Khomeini Hospital ComplexTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mohammadreza Salehi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imam Khomeini Hospital ComplexTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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Golshahi F, Siami Z, Feizabad E, Rajabzadeh S, Zarinjooie S, Albaji M, Mabadi A, Azarnoush A, Nazemi P. Severity of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in vaccinated healthcare workers. Iran J Microbiol 2023; 15:196-200. [PMID: 37193244 PMCID: PMC10183075 DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v15i2.12468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives The most appropriate approach to control the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic is the widespread adoption of vaccination. Several vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 have been developed and authorized for use in various geographical regions. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of the vaccination agents presently utilized by healthcare workers (HCWs), and to investigate whether different COVID-19 vaccines would result in the alleviation of symptoms and the severity of clinical presentation. Materials and Methods This multi-center survey was conducted on 329 vaccinated HCWs who were reinfected with COVID-19 between January 8, 2021 and April 8, 2021, in Tehran, Iran. Results Overall, 92.1% and 70.8% of the participants had received 2 and 3 cumulative doses of COVID-19 vaccines, respectively. There were no differences between first/second and third-dose vaccines with the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Expectedly, vaccination resulted in a less severe clinical presentation of SARS-CoV-2 infection, as reported by the participants. Conclusion The results suggest that the efficacy of the vaccination agents presently utilized by HCWs was acceptable with no significant difference in vaccine type. Participants receiving at least two doses of vaccines in this survey exceeded 90%, which is comparably higher than studies conducted in other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Golshahi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Siami
- Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Feizabad
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahab Rajabzadeh
- Department of Infectious Disease, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Zarinjooie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Albaji
- Department of Pulmonary Disease, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Avin Mabadi
- Department of Infectious Disease, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ayein Azarnoush
- Department of Infectious Disease, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pershang Nazemi
- Department of Infectious Disease, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding author: Pershang Nazemi, MD, Department of Infectious Disease, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Telefax: +98-21-88948217,
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Nazemi P, Feizabad E, Shokouhi N, Hashemi M, Saeedi S, Shirali E, Mabadi A, Azarnoush A. Importance of pre-operative COVID-19 screening test in elective surgeries. IJM 2022; 14:10-14. [PMID: 35664710 PMCID: PMC9085543 DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v14i1.8795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Since the COVID-19 pandemic initiation, more than 28 million elective surgeries were post-poned with a cancellation rate of 72.3%. However, studies suggested that the patient treatment should be conducted within12 weeks of diagnosis because delay in treatment might have had adverse impacts on patients' health status, prognosis, and pathologic stage. Hence, the current study aimed to assess the importance of a pre-operative COVID-19 screening test for the patients were candidates for elective surgery.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 141 patients who were candidates for any type of elective surgeries or cesarean section at a tertiary university-based hospital, between June 2020, and September 2020. Results: The mean age of participants was 41.38 ± 11.66 years. Of them, 91.5% were women and 8.5% were men. The COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) screening tests were positive in 12 (8.5%) patients. From whose PCR tests were positive, only five people (less than half) had symptoms of COVID-19 such as fever (three patients), a distinctive smell (two patients), and cough (one patient). Suspected exposure to COVID-19 was reported in four of them.
Conclusion: In this study, we found that more than half of PCR positive COVID-19 patients were asymptomatic. Therefore, to have a safe hospital environment, and improve patient health outcomes, the COVID-19 screening test should be applied before any interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pershang Nazemi
- Department of Infectious Disease, Yas Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Feizabad
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yas Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Shokouhi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yas Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding author: Nasim Shokouhi, MD, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yas Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Tel: +98-2142046, Fax: +98-2188948217,
| | - Melika Hashemi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yas Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Saeedi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yas Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Shirali
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yas Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Avin Mabadi
- Department of Infectious Disease, Yas Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ayein Azarnoush
- Department of Infectious Disease, Yas Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ashraf MA, Shokouhi N, Shirali E, Davari-Tanha F, Shirani K, Memar O, Kamalipour A, Azarnoush A, Mabadi A, Ossareh A, Sanginabadi M, Azad TM, Aghaghazvini L, Ghaderkhani S, Poordast T, Pourdast A, Nazemi P. COVID-19, An early investigation from exposure to treatment outcomes in Tehran, Iran. J Res Med Sci 2022; 26:114. [PMID: 35126577 PMCID: PMC8765513 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_1088_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a growing need for information regarding the recent coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19). We present a comprehensive report of COVID-19 patients in Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred hospitalized patients with COVID-19 were studied. Data on potential source of exposure, demographic, clinical, and paraclinical features, therapy outcome, and postdischarge follow-up were analyzed. RESULTS The median age of the patients was 58 years, and the majority of the patients (72.7%) were above 50 years of age. Fever was present in 45.2% of the patients on admission. The most common clinical symptoms were shortness of breath (74%) and cough (68%). Most patients had elevated C-reactive protein (92.3%), elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (82.9%), and lymphocytopenia (74.2%) on admission. Lower lobes of the lung were most commonly involved, and ground-glass opacity (81.8%) was the most frequent finding in computed tomography scans. The administration of hydroxychloroquine improved the clinical outcome of the patients. Lopinavir/ritonavir was efficacious at younger ages. Of the 70 discharged patients, 40% had symptom aggravation, 8.6% were readmitted to the hospital, and three patients (4.3%) died. CONCLUSION This report demonstrates a heterogeneous nature of clinical manifestations in patients affected with COVID19. The most common presenting symptoms are nonspecific, so attention should be made on broader testing, especially in age groups with the greatest risk and younger individuals who can serve as carriers of the disease. Hydroxychloroquine and lopinavir/ritonavir (in younger age group) can be potential treatment options. Finally, patients discharged from the hospital should be followed up because of potential symptom aggravation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Ashraf
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nasim Shokouhi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yas Complex Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Shirali
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yas Complex Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fateme Davari-Tanha
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yas Complex Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kiana Shirani
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Omeed Memar
- Academic Dermatology and Skin Cancer Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alireza Kamalipour
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,MPH Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ayein Azarnoush
- Student Research Committee, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Avin Mabadi
- Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Adele Ossareh
- Department of Statistics, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Sanginabadi
- Department of Radiology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Talat Mokhtari Azad
- The National Influenza Centre, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Aghaghazvini
- Department of Radiology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Ghaderkhani
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yas Complex Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahereh Poordast
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alieh Pourdast
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yas Complex Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS (IRCHA), Tehran, Iran
| | - Pershang Nazemi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yas Complex Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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