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Kakaje A, Mansour S, Ghareeb A, Hosam Aldeen O. Blood donation during COVID-19 lockdown and its association with anger and stress: A cross-sectional study from Syria. Front Sociol 2023; 7:971804. [PMID: 36817944 PMCID: PMC9932889 DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2022.971804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The demand for blood donations in Syria was high as the country has suffered for 9 years from war, and this demand has substantially increased during and after the lockdown from the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to assess blood donations in Syria and their association with multiple factors. METHODS Online questionnaires were distributed to social media groups, with questions related to stress, anger, and COVID-19 distress. RESULTS This study included 1,423 participants, of which 899 (63.2%) were women. Only 48.5% have ever donated blood, of which 33.3% donated only once in their lifetime. Not having a good reason to donate blood was the main reason for not donating. Obtaining documents was the main reason for blood donation among people who donated blood (64.8%). Stress, anger, and fear of infection were not associated with blood donation and its patterns. Losing someone close and being endangered by war were associated with more frequent blood donations in contrast to being distressed by war. CONCLUSION COVID-19 distress, stress, and anger were not associated with the decrease in blood donation. Spreading awareness on volunteer blood donation is crucial to combat blood shortage during stressful times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameer Kakaje
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
- University Hospital Geelong, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Sabina Mansour
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Ayham Ghareeb
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
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Ghareeb A, Al Sharif F, Alyousbashi A, Dawarah M, Ghareeb A, Dalati H. Mediastinal mature cystic teratoma in a child: A case report study. Int J Surg Case Rep 2023; 103:107904. [PMID: 36669319 PMCID: PMC9869470 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2023.107904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A mediastinal teratoma is a very rare disease, in which a relatively large mass grows in the space between the two lungs. Although it is a congenital abnormality, it is diagnosed late in the second or third decade. It could be benign or malignant, symptomatic or asymptomatic. PRESENTATION OF CASE A five-year-old child presented with an acute respiratory distress episode due to an acute infection, unresponsive to first-line antibiotics and had a history of similar recurrent pulmonary infections. On imaging, the patient showed an abnormal mediastinal mass which was speculated to be a hydatid cyst or abscess; however, it was later diagnosed during surgery as a mature mediastinal cystic teratoma. DISCUSSION Mediastinal tumors are slow-growing tumors that are mostly benign and asymptomatic, but sometimes they may grow, reaching a state where they can affect the neighboring anatomical structures, causing symptoms, which may lead to misdiagnosis. CONCLUSION Teratomas, as a differential diagnosis, should be considered in children with recurrent pulmonary infection and radiological findings that resemble masses in the chest. This emphasizes on the importance of performing detailed radiological and lab investigations to set an appropriate diagnosis to ensure a better treatment and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayham Ghareeb
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Fawaz Al Sharif
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Children's University Hospital, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | | | - Methad Dawarah
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Amjad Ghareeb
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.
| | - Husam Dalati
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Children's University Hospital, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
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Kakaje A, Alhalabi MM, Ghareeb A, Karam B, Mansour B, Zahra B, Hamdan O. Consanguinity and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: a case-control study. Egypt Pediatric Association Gaz 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43054-022-00145-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Consanguineous marriage is widely practised across the world. Its effect on acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is controversial as both parents share some of the genes which might increase the incidence of sharing recessive genes. However, other theories suggest that consanguinity might have a protective factor as it does for other types of cancers. This study aims to study childhood ALL and consanguinity.
Methods
This is a case-control study, conducted in the major paediatric hospital in Damascus, Syria, using medical records. Case group included children with ALL, while control group included other patients and were matched by gender and age.
Results
This study comprised 386 patients, 193 of which were cases. Overall, 136 were of consanguineous marriages (36.8%), and there was no difference in consanguinity overall between cases and controls. However, when only comparing non-consanguineous parents and fourth-degree consanguinity, fourth degree was significantly higher among case group, suggesting a negative correlation OR = 0.387 (0.187–0.801) in contrast to third-degree consanguinity which was no significantly different when comparing the two groups (p > 0.05). We found no significant association between ALL and having a family history of cancer (p > 0.05) or between parents’ educational level and case-control groups (p > 0.05).
Conclusion
Our research suggests a negative association between fourth-degree consanguinity and childhood leukaemia. This was not observed with a third-degree consanguinity. Previous studies had contradicting data on consanguinity and ALL which demonstrates the need for further research.
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Kakaje A, Al Zohbi R, Alyousbashi A, Abdelwahed RNK, Hosam Aldeen O, Alhalabi MM, Ghareeb A, Latifeh Y. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anger and mental health of school students in Syria after nine years of conflict: a large-scale school-based study. Psychol Med 2022; 52:1923-1933. [PMID: 33267935 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720003761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Syrian crisis has entered its ninth year with many being affected by the war. This is the largest-scale study that aims to evaluate the psychological profile of secondary school students in Syria. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study in schools in Damascus, Syria. The surveys assessed working habits, smoking, war exposure, grades, socioeconomic status (SES), social support, health-related quality of life (HRQL), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), problematic anger, and other parameters. RESULTS This study included 1369 students of which 53% suffered from PTSD and 62% from problematic anger. Around 46% declared a fair or worse general health and 61% had moderate or severe mental health. Only 9.3% did not report exposure to any war-related variable. War exposure had an impact on PTSD, anger, and HRQL, but not on students' grades. Smoking, having consanguineous parents, and working did not have a clear association with grades or anger. Social support weakly reduced PTSD and anger scores. Interestingly, working was associatedwith lowerPTSD scores but was associated with a worse physical component of HRQL. CONCLUSION This is the largest study on school students in Syria that reports the psychological ramifications of war. Although the direct effects of war could not be precisely described, the high burden of PTSD and anger distress was a strong reflection of the chronic mental distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameer Kakaje
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ayham Ghareeb
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Youssef Latifeh
- Psychiatry Department, Al-Mowasat University Hospital, Damascus, Syria
- Department of Internal Medicine, Syrian Private University, Damascus, Syria
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Al-Zubaidy M, Ghareeb A, Mostafa I, Mehta A, Murphy D, Sadiq S, Song A, Tzoumas N, Steel DH. Infographic: residual intraretinal edema after 25-gauge vitrectomy and macular pucker removal: Is intraoperative sustained-release dexamethasone a real treatment option? Eye (Lond) 2022; 36:5-6. [PMID: 33972711 PMCID: PMC8727609 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-021-01533-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Al-Zubaidy
- grid.1006.70000 0001 0462 7212Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - A. Ghareeb
- grid.1006.70000 0001 0462 7212Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - I. Mostafa
- grid.1006.70000 0001 0462 7212Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - A. Mehta
- grid.1006.70000 0001 0462 7212Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - D. Murphy
- grid.1006.70000 0001 0462 7212Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - S. Sadiq
- grid.1006.70000 0001 0462 7212Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - A. Song
- grid.1006.70000 0001 0462 7212Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - N. Tzoumas
- grid.1006.70000 0001 0462 7212Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - D. H. Steel
- grid.1006.70000 0001 0462 7212Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Al-Saadi HS, Elhadad A, Ghareeb A. Rapid and Blind Watermarking Approach of the 3D Objects Using QR Code Images for Securing Copyright. Comput Intell Neurosci 2021; 2021:2236866. [PMID: 34824574 PMCID: PMC8610678 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2236866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Watermarking techniques in a wide range of digital media was utilized as a host cover to hide or embed a piece of information message in such a way that it is invisible to a human observer. This study aims to develop an enhanced rapid and blind method for producing a watermarked 3D object using QR code images with high imperceptibility and transparency. The proposed method is based on the spatial domain, and it starts with converting the 3D object triangles from the three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system to the two-dimensional coordinates domain using the corresponding transformation matrix. Then, it applies a direct modification on the third vertex point of each triangle. Each triangle's coordinates in the 3D object can be used to embed one pixel from the QR code image. In the extraction process, the QR code pixels can be successfully extracted without the need for the original image. The imperceptibly and the transparency performances of the proposed watermarking algorithm were evaluated using Euclidean distance, Manhattan distance, cosine distance, and the correlation distance values. The proposed method was tested under various filtering attacks, such as rotation, scaling, and translation. The proposed watermarking method improved the robustness and visibility of extracting the QR code image. The results reveal that the proposed watermarking method yields watermarked 3D objects with excellent execution time, imperceptibility, and robustness to common filtering attacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan S. Al-Saadi
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Elhadad
- Computer Science and Information Department, College of Science and Arts, Jouf University, Sakakah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computers and Information, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - A. Ghareeb
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Al-Baha University, Al-Bahah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
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Kakaje A, Alhalabi MM, Alyousbashi A, Ghareeb A, Hamid L, Al-Tammemi AB. Smoking habits and the influence of war on cigarette and shisha smoking in Syria. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256829. [PMID: 34473786 PMCID: PMC8412248 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoking might be impacted by various influences, including psychological, socio-cultural, and economic factors. A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in Syrian Arab Republic from March to April 2019 using a web-based questionnaire. The survey aimed at assessing tobacco use (shisha and cigarettes) as well as examining the association between current tobacco use and various sociodemographic and war-related factors. The sample comprised 978 participants (251 males: 727 females) and had a mean age of 24.7 years (SD: 7.60). Most participants were single (n = 825, 84.4%), reside in Damascus and Rif-Dimashq (n = 579, 59.2%), and had a college/university education (n = 911, 93.1%). Concerning smoking, a total of 371 participants (37.9%) were identified to be current tobacco smokers, of whom 211, 84, 76 were exclusive shisha smokers, exclusive cigarette smokers, and dual smokers, respectively. The prevalence of cigarette smoking (exclusive and dual) among males and females was found to be 34.7%, and 10.0%, respectively. On the other hand, the prevalence of shisha smoking (exclusive and dual) among males and females was around 34.3% and 27.6%, respectively. Additionally, various factors have predicted a higher likelihood of cigarette smoking including male gender (AOR = 4.152; 95% CI: 2.842-6.064; p<0.001), and losing someone due to the war (AOR = 1.487; 95% CI: 1.028-2.151; p = 0.035), while unemployed individuals were found to have lower odds of being cigarette smokers (AOR = 0.634; 95% CI: 0.429-0.937; p = 0.022). Concerning shisha smoking, married (AOR = 0.622; 95% CI: 0.402-0.963; p = 0.033), and unemployed individuals (AOR = 0.679; 95% CI: 0.503-0.916; p = 0.011) were found to have lower odds of shisha smoking. Amid the tobacco epidemic in the region, rates of tobacco use in Syria are still worrying. The Syrian armed conflicts may possess a double-edged effect on smoking, and tobacco users who adopt smoking to cope with various stressors should be targeted with well-structured health education, along with appropriate psychological services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameer Kakaje
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
- University Hospital Geelong, Barwon Health, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Ayham Ghareeb
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Loura Hamid
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Ala’a B. Al-Tammemi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Family and Occupational Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Ghareeb A, Kakaje A, Ghareeb A, Alahmar FO. Is pull-through an acceptable replacement for low anterior resection for rectal cancers in low-income setting? A case-control study. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2021; 68:102608. [PMID: 34401125 PMCID: PMC8358644 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancers are the second most common cancers overall and are the third deadliest cancers. Complete resection is the treatment of choice for rectal cancers and chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is strongly recommended in stage 2 and 3. Low anterior resection (LAR) is the most common procedure used, but it requires the use of stapler which might be very expensive as one study estimated the median cost of LAR inpatients to be over 13.000 USD. However, coloanal pull-through (PT) used to be the common procedure before introducing staplers in the twentieth century and can be less expensive, but with higher complication rates. Materials and methods This is a retrospective case-control study from patients’ records who underwent either LAR or PT for their rectal cancer in Syria. All patients had either stage 2 or 3 cancer and were treated by the same group of surgeons and received the same adjuvant and neoadjuvant CRT protocol. Patients from both groups had the same prognosis and stages. Results This study included 60 participants, of which, 30 had LAR and 30 had PT. They all had successful removal of the cancer and follow-ups were for 1 year after the surgery. There were no significant differences between the two procedures in post-operative leak, urinary retention, stricture, sexual function and recurrence (p > 0.05). However, post-operative incontinence was more frequent with PT (p = 0.027). Conclusion PT can be an acceptable substitute of LAR in low income settings despite having higher incidence of incontinence. Low anterior resection (LAR) is the preferred surgery for rectal cancers. Coloanal pull-through (PT) used to be preferred before LAR. PT has higher complications rates, but it is much cheaper. PT might have similar survival outcomes compared to LAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Ghareeb
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Ameer Kakaje
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.,University Hospital Geelong, Barwon Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ayham Ghareeb
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
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Kakaje A, Fadel A, Makki L, Ghareeb A, Al Zohbi R. Mental Distress and Psychological Disorders Related to COVID-19 Mandatory Lockdown. Front Public Health 2021; 9:585235. [PMID: 33842416 PMCID: PMC8032968 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.585235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lockdown restrictions due to COVID-19 have affected many people's lifestyles and ability to earn a living. They add further distress to the lives of people in Syria, who have already endured 9 years of war. This study evaluates distress and the major causes of concerns related to COVID-19 during the full lockdown. Methods: Online questionnaires were distributed using SPTSS, K10, and MSPSS which were used with other demographic, war- and COVID-19-related questions that were taken from The (CRISIS) V0.1 Adult Self-Report Baseline Form. Results: Our sample included 5,588 with the mean age of 26.84 ± 7.815 years. Of those, only one case of COVID-19 was confirmed. Over 42.7% had two or more positive PTSD symptoms, 42.6% had moderate or severe mental disorder, but only 14.9% had low social support. Higher PTSD and K10 scores overall were seen in female participants and with most of war variables (P < 0.05). Relationships with the partner being negatively affected and distress from a decline in ability to work and provide food were the most prominent. Conclusions: The indirect effects of COVID-19 are far more than that of the pathogen itself. A reduced ability to earn and to provide food were the main concerns indicated in this study. Relationships deteriorated in participants with high K10 and PTSD scores who also had more symptoms and used more hypnotics in the last four weeks. Smoking patterns were not related to K10 and PTSD. Social support played a role in reducing stress, but when relationships were affected, lower support was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameer Kakaje
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Ammar Fadel
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Leen Makki
- Faculty of Medicine, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria
- Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ayham Ghareeb
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
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Kakaje A, Alhalabi MM, Alyousbashi A, Ghareeb A. Allergic rhinitis, asthma and laryngopharyngeal reflux disease: a cross-sectional study on their reciprocal relations. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2870. [PMID: 33536455 PMCID: PMC7858587 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80793-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common medical condition worldwide. It is an inflammation in the nasal mucosa due to allergen exposure throughout the year. Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is another medical condition that can overlap with AR. LPR can be considered an extra oesophageal manifestation of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) or a different entity. Its diagnosis imposes a real challenge as it has a wide range of unspecific symptoms. Although AR and LPR are not life-threatening, they can severely affect the quality of life for years and cause substantial distress. Moreover, having AR is associated with having asthma which is also in turn associated with GORD. This is a cross-sectional study which used surveys distributed online on Social Media and targeted people across Syria. All participants who responded to the key questions were included. Reflux symptom index (RSI) was used for LPR, and score for allergic rhinitis (SFAR) was used for AR. Demographic questions and whether the participant had asthma were also included in the survey. We found that there was an association between the symptoms of LPR and AR p < 0.0001 (OR, 2.592; 95% CI 1.846-3.639), and their scores were significantly correlated (r = 0.334). Having asthma was associated with LPR symptoms p = 0.0002 (OR 3.096; 95% CI 1.665-5.759) and AR p < 0.0001 (OR 6.772; 95% CI 2.823-16.248). We concluded that there was a significant association between having LPR, AR, and asthma. We need more studies to distinguish between their common symptoms and aetiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameer Kakaje
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.
| | | | | | - Ayham Ghareeb
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
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Ghareeb A, Kakaje A, Ghareeb A, Nahas MA. An enormous arteriovenous malformation presenting in a child in sacro-gluteal region and managed successfully by recurrent embolisation and surgery. Int J Surg Case Rep 2020; 71:244-249. [PMID: 32492638 PMCID: PMC7264987 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2020.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A massive arterio-venous malformation (AVM) on the buttock of a young girl. Recurrent embolisation and surgery made total resection possible. This is the first report from the Middle East of such a case in a child. This AVM was sucessfully managed by repeated embolization and resection. Management should not be postponed from financial disadvantge.
Background Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are rare congenital lesions that affect multiple regions. AVMs often affect the brain and the buttock is the least common. They are usually congenital, but discovered later in life as they are asymptomatic, small and resemble a benign lesion. However, they can abruptly grow and become symptomatic and life-threatening as they can bleed and get infected. Presentation of case An eight-year-old girl presented with ulcerated and bleeding AVM at the sacro gluteal region. However, due to financial difficulty, it grew to reach an enormous size of (15*15*2 cm) in the buttock. It was later managed by multiple embolisation followed by total surgical resection. Discussion This case reflects the first case of enormous AVM in the sacro-gluteal region in a child in the Middle East as they rarely reach such huge sizes. Total resection was possible by repeat embolisation and surgery. Conclusion Embolisation can render even huge AVM operable. AVMs should be treated as early as possible as they continue to grow and drastically decrease the quality of life of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Ghareeb
- Damascus University, Faculty of Medicine, Damascus, Syria.
| | - Ameer Kakaje
- Damascus University, Faculty of Medicine, Damascus, Syria.
| | - Ayham Ghareeb
- Damascus University, Faculty of Medicine, Damascus, Syria
| | - Mohamad Ali Nahas
- Chief of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Department, Al Assad University Hospital, Damascus, Syria
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Affiliation(s)
- O. H. Khalil
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Elhadad
- Mathematics Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
- Department of Computer Science and Information, Faculty of Science and Art, Aljouf University, Al Qurayyat, Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Ghareeb
- Mathematics Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Ghareeb
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia
| | - O.H. Khalil
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Saleh Omran
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
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Battley L, Pratt K, Loret de Mola R, Ghareeb A, Siddique SA, Garza-Cavazos A. 2083 Hemihysterectomy of Non-Communicating Rudimentary Horn Following a Missed Abortion. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2019.09.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ghareeb A, Al-Omeri WF. New degrees for functions in (L, M)-fuzzy topological spaces based on (L, M)-fuzzy semiopen and (L, M)-fuzzy preopen operators. IFS 2019. [DOI: 10.3233/jifs-18251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Ghareeb
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wadei F. Al-Omeri
- Department of Mathematics, Al-Balqa Applied University, Salt, Jordan
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Ghareeb A, Paramasevon K, Mokool P, van der Voet H, Jha M. Toxicity and survival of anal cancer patients treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2018; 101:168-175. [PMID: 30482037 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2018.0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The definitive treatment of anal cancer with chemoradiotherapy spares abdominoperineal resection for salvage treatment but carries a high burden of toxicity. Intensity-modulated radiation therapy has been implemented to reduce toxicity, reduce treatment breaks and improve survival. However, large and long-term studies are lacking. We aimed to investigate the toxicities and long-term survival of anal cancer patients treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy at James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of all patients with squamous cell anal cancer treated at James Cook University Hospital between July 2010 and April 2017. All patients were uniformly treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy-based chemoradiation with curative intent. A subset of these patients was followed-up prospectively by an oncologist for acute and late toxicity. We calculated Kaplan-Meier estimates of survival statistics and compared our results with those of previous trials which used conventional radiotherapy. RESULTS We studied 132 patients, including a toxicity subset of 64, for a median follow-up time of 43 months (range 3-84 months). Eleven patients (8.3%) underwent salvage abdominoperineal resection. Grade 3+ acute non-haematological, gastrointestinal, genitourinary and dermatological toxicity were found in 56.2%, 12.3%, 0% and 50.7% of the toxicity subset (n = 64). Median treatment duration was 37 days. Overall and colostomy-free survival at five years were 68.3% and 85.3%, respectively. Tumour size (P = 0.006) and age (P = 0.002) predicted shorter overall survival. CONCLUSIONS Intensity-modulated radiation therapy probably reduces acute gastrointestinal and genitourinary toxicity compared with conventional radiotherapy, while resulting in similar overall and colostomy-free survival. We suggest that further dose escalation may improve survival in patients with T3/T4 tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ghareeb
- Department of General Surgery, James Cook University Hospital , Middlesbrough , UK.,Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK
| | - K Paramasevon
- Department of General Surgery, James Cook University Hospital , Middlesbrough , UK
| | - P Mokool
- Department of General Surgery, James Cook University Hospital , Middlesbrough , UK
| | - H van der Voet
- Cancer Services, James Cook University Hospital , Middlesbrough , UK
| | - M Jha
- Department of General Surgery, James Cook University Hospital , Middlesbrough , UK
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Ghareeb
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia
| | - S.Z. Rida
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
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Abd-Allah A, El-Saady K, Ghareeb A, Temraz A. A point free analogues of lattice-valued bitopological spaces. Kragujevac J Mathematics 2018; 42:539-553. [DOI: 10.5937/kgjmath1804539a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Abd-Allah M, El-Saady K, Ghareeb A, Temraz A. COUPLED QUANTALES AND A NON-COMMUTATIVE APPROACH TO BITOPOLOGICAL SPACES. Int J of Pure and Appl Math 2017; 113. [DOI: 10.12732/ijpam.v113i1.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Ghareeb
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Fu-Gui Shi
- School of Mathematics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P.R. China
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Yaqoob
- Department of Mathematics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science in Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al-Zulfi, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Aslam
- Department of Mathematics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bijan Davvaz
- Department of Mathematics, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
| | - A. Ghareeb
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science in Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al-Zulfi, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
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Ghareeb A. Weak forms of continuity in I-double gradation fuzzy topological spaces. SpringerPlus 2012; 1:19. [PMID: 23476894 PMCID: PMC3589651 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-1-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we introduce and characterize double fuzzy weakly preopen and double fuzzy weakly preclosed functions between I-double gradation fuzzy topological spaces and also study these functions in relation to some other types of already known functions.
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Ghareeb A. Weakly semi-preopen and semi-preclosed functions in L-fuzzy topological spaces. Soft comput 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00500-012-0950-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Azab Abd-Allah M, El-Saady K, Ghareeb A. (r,s)(r,s)-Fuzzy FF-open sets and (r,s)(r,s)-fuzzy FF-closed spaces. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 2009; 42:649-656. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2009.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Zahran A, Abd-Allah MA, El-Saady K, Ghareeb A. The category of double fuzzy preproximity spaces. Computers & Mathematics with Applications 2009; 58:1558-1572. [DOI: 10.1016/j.camwa.2009.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Abd-Allah MA, Ghareeb A. Multi-Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets and Intuitionistic Fuzzy P Systems. International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems 2008; 8:284-287. [DOI: 10.5391/ijfis.2008.8.4.284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- N. M. George
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University
| | - A. Ghareeb
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University
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Abdullah MA, Salman H, Al-Habib S, Ghareeb A, Abanamy A. Antithyroid antibodies and thyroid dysfunction in Saudi children with Down syndrome. Ann Saudi Med 1994; 14:283-5. [PMID: 17586918 PMCID: PMC6363516 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.1994.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/1993] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fifty children (ages seven months to nine years) with Down syndrome compared with age and sex matched controls were tested for antithyroid antibodies. Seven (14%) of the Down group were found to b seropositive; six (12%) for antimicrosomal antibodies; three for both antimicrosomal and antithyroglobulin; none was positive for antithyroglobulin alone. All the control group were seronegative and had no clinical evidence of thyroid disease. Three (6%) of the Down group had hypothyroidism, two due to autoimmune thyroiditis and one had disease. Thyroid dysfunction was not previously suspected in the two symptomatic children. In view of our findings, recommendations are made to regularly screen these children for autoantibdies and evidence of thyroid dysfuntion.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Abdullah
- Departments of Pediatrics, Security Forces Hospital and Suleimania Children's Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Ghareeb A. Proceedings: The endocrine changes in hepatosplenic schistosomiasis. West Afr J Pharmacol Drug Res 1974; 2:96P-97P. [PMID: 4470668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Botros M, Selim R, Ghoneim K, Ghareeb A, Wahba N. Insulinotrophic drugs. Effect on intestinal abosorption of sugar. Diabetes 1974; 23:112-6. [PMID: 4204422 DOI: 10.2337/diab.23.2.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The effect of some insulinotrophic drugs on the transport of sugar was investigated in fasted, narcotized rats by continuous perfusion of cannulated long intestinal loops with galactose solution (18 mM.) circulated by air lift. Three consecutive perfusions (fifty minutes each) were performed in each rat, the drug being given in the second perfusion only. The rate of galactose disappearance was expressed as per cent of that in the first perfusion in the same rat.
Tolbutamide (50 mg./l kg. weight), glycodiazine (50 mg./l kg. weight), glisoxepid (BAY 4231, 2 mg./l kg. weight) and glibenclamide (0.25 mg./l kg. weight) were found to increase the rate of galactose disappearance in the second perfusion by 21 per cent, 5 per cent, 12 per cent and 25 per cent, respectively, and in the third perfusion by 21 per cent, 26 per cent, 32 per cent and 21 per cent, respectively, as compared to the rate in the corresponding perfusion of a control group. This increase was significant (P values < 0.05) with all drugs in the second and third perfusions with the exception of glisoxepid in the second perfusion. These results are discussed in relation to the action of insulin and the effect of diabetes on intestinal absorption of sugars.
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