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Darkaoui B, Aksim M, Aarab A, Lafnoune A, Khourcha S, Cadi R, Filali OA, Oukkache N. Neutralization Capacity of Tissue Alterations Caused by the Venoms of the Most Dangerous Scorpions in North Africa Using a Selective Antivenom. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 16:16. [PMID: 38251233 PMCID: PMC10818304 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In North Africa, scorpion stings pose an urgent public health problem, particularly for children with high morbidity and mortality rates. The main species implicated are the Androctonus mauretanicus (Am), Androctonus australis hector (Aah), and Buthus occitanus (Bo). Immunotherapy is the specific therapeutic approach aimed at directly neutralizing toxins, despite their severity and rapid diffusion. In the present study, we evaluate, histologically and immunohistologically, the neutralization potency of the selective antivenom produced against, among other species, the Am, Aah, and Bo at the level of the tissue alterations in Swiss mice, as experimental subjects. Firstly, the lethal doses 50 test was conducted to assess the venom's toxic activity, and then the median effective dose of the antivenom was determined against each venom. The histological and immunohistological analyses were performed by injecting the sublethal dose of venom, the complex venom and antivenom, or the antivenom 2 h following inoculation of venom. Our study revealed the highest toxicity of the Am, followed by the Aah and then the Bo venom. The neutralizing ability and effectiveness of the antivenom to completely or partially neutralize the tissular damages were demonstrated in all organs studied: brain, heart, lungs, liver, and kidneys. Our results highlighted the important cytoplasmic and membranous staining in the heart compared to the brain tissue for the three scorpion venoms. Therefore, the scorpionic antivenoms are able to reach their target even at the tissue level. Immunotherapy represents the specific and recommended treatment against the scorpionic stings in North Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bouchra Darkaoui
- Laboratory of Venoms and Toxins, Pasteur Institute of Morocco, 1 Place Louis Pasteur, Casablanca 20250, Morocco; (B.D.); (A.L.); (S.K.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Physiopathology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University of Casablanca, B.P 5366 Maarif, Casablanca 20000, Morocco; (R.C.); (O.A.F.)
| | - Mohamed Aksim
- Laboratory of Anatomic Pathology, The Regional Hospital Centre Hassan II, Agadir 80000, Morocco;
| | - Ayoub Aarab
- Laboratory of Anatomical Pathology Marrakech, Agadir 80000, Morocco;
| | - Ayoub Lafnoune
- Laboratory of Venoms and Toxins, Pasteur Institute of Morocco, 1 Place Louis Pasteur, Casablanca 20250, Morocco; (B.D.); (A.L.); (S.K.)
| | - Soukaina Khourcha
- Laboratory of Venoms and Toxins, Pasteur Institute of Morocco, 1 Place Louis Pasteur, Casablanca 20250, Morocco; (B.D.); (A.L.); (S.K.)
| | - Rachida Cadi
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Physiopathology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University of Casablanca, B.P 5366 Maarif, Casablanca 20000, Morocco; (R.C.); (O.A.F.)
| | - Ouafaa Aniq Filali
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Physiopathology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University of Casablanca, B.P 5366 Maarif, Casablanca 20000, Morocco; (R.C.); (O.A.F.)
| | - Naoual Oukkache
- Laboratory of Venoms and Toxins, Pasteur Institute of Morocco, 1 Place Louis Pasteur, Casablanca 20250, Morocco; (B.D.); (A.L.); (S.K.)
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Kebbou A, Laaradia MA, Oufquir S, Aarab A, El Gabbas Z, Rais H, Zyad A, Chait A. Antioxidant Activity, Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Effects of Caralluma europaea (Eddaghmouss) in Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.3844/ojbsci.2019.272.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Benlemlih M, Aarab A, Bakkali M, Arakrak A, Laglaoui A. The effect of supplementing diets with dried fennel and thyme on the zootechnical parameters and caecal microflora of growing rabbit. J Anim Feed Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/65671/2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Asaidi H, Aarab A, Bellouki M. Shadow elimination and vehicles classification approaches in traffic video surveillance context. Journal of Visual Languages & Computing 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvlc.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Baylot D, el Khouri Z, Aarab A, Navez ML, Hajjar J, Auboyer C. [Cerebral pneumocephalus after epidural anesthesia: a rare complication?]. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim 1993; 12:431-3. [PMID: 8273933 DOI: 10.1016/s0750-7658(05)80112-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A case is reported of pneumoencephalus occurring after an accidental dural puncture during a cervical epidural puncture using the loss of resistance technique. Six ml of air were injected intrathecally. The patient recovered spontaneously within five days. This complication may occur more frequently than commonly admitted. It may be difficult to differentiate between headache due to pneumoencephalus and that by stretching of the meninges due to cerebrospinal fluid leakage. Only a CT scan can help to answer this question.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Baylot
- Département d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, Hôpital de Bellevue, Saint-Etienne
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Aarab A, Harran D. Études numérique et expérimentale de la cinétique de refroidissement d'un disque de polymère. Eur Polym J 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-3057(83)90146-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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