The effect of dose-escalation radiotherapy with simultaneous-integrated-boost on the use of short-term androgen deprivation therapy in patients with intermediate risk prostate cancer

PURPOSE

To compare the biochemical failure (FFBF) and prostate cancer specific survival (PCSS) rates of patients with intermediate-risk prostate cancer (IR-PC) who were treated with 6 months of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) with 78 Gy to the prostate, those treated with ADT and focal boost (FB) of 86 Gy to intraprostatic lesion (IPL) using the simultaneous-integrated boost (SIB) technique, and those treated with SIB alone.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A retrospective analysis of 320 IR-PC patients treated between January 2012 and April 2021 was performed. Patients were divided into three groups based on their treatment arm: 78 + ADT (109 patients, 34.1%), 78/86 (102 patients, 31.8%), and 78/86 + ADT. Univariable and multivariable analyses were used to determine prognostic factors for FFBF and PCSS.

RESULTS

Median follow-up was 8.8 years. The 8-year FFBF and PCSS rates were 88.6% and 99.0%. Patients who received ADT had significantly higher pretreatment PSA levels and clinical tumor stage. Disease progression occurred in 45 patients (7.3%) at a median of 41.9 months after definitive radiotherapy (RT). Younger age, positive core biopsy (PCB) ≥ 50%, and the absence of ADT were all independent predictors of poor FFBF in multivariate analysis, whereas patients with PCB < 50% who were also given ADT had better PCSS. Patients treated with 78/86 Gy alone had worse FFBF than those treated with 78 Gy and ADT (Hazard ratio [HR] = 3.39 [95% CI = 1.46-7.88]; p = 0.005), as well as than those treated with 78/86 Gy and ADT (HR = 3.21 [95% CI = 1.23-6.46]; p = 0.009). However, FB to IPL has no effect on PCSS in multivariable analysis. There was no significant difference between treatment groups in terms of acute and late Grade ≥2 genitourinary or gastrointestinal toxicity.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings demonstrated that patients who received 78/86 alone did worse than patients who received ADT with either 78 or 78/86 Gy. However, because IR-PC patients are so diverse, additional prospective trials are needed to validate our findings.

Inter-observer variation of target volume delineation for CT-guided cervical cancer brachytherapy

Purpose

Delineation is a critical and challenging step in radiotherapy planning. Differences in delineation among observers are common, despite the presence of contouring guidelines. This study aimed to identify the inter-observer variability in the target volume delineation of computed tomography (CT)-guided brachytherapy for cervical cancer.

Material and methods

Four radiation oncologists (ROs) with different expertise levels delineated high-risk (HR) and intermediate-risk (IR) clinical target volume (CTV) according to GYN GEC-ESTRO recommendations, in a blinded manner on every CT set of ten locally advanced cervical cancer cases. The most experienced RO's contours were determined as the index and used for comparison. Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and pairwise Hausdorff distance (HD) metrics were applied to compare the overlap and gross deviations of all contours.

Results

Median DSC for HR-CTV and IR-CTV were 0.73 and 0.76, respectively, and a good concordance was achieved for both in majority of contours. While there was no difference in DSC measurements for HR-CTV among the three ROs, RO-3 provided improved DSC values for IR-CTV (p = 0.01). Median HD95 was 5.02 mm and 6.83 mm, and median HDave was 1.69 mm and 2.21 mm for HR-CTV and IR-CTV, respectively. There was no significant difference among ROs in HR-CTV for HD95 or HDave; however, IR-CTV value was significantly improved according to RO-3 (p = 0.01). Case-by-case HD analysis showed no significant inter-observer variations, except for two cases.

Conclusions

The inter-observer agreement is generally high for target volumes in CT-guided brachytherapy for cervical cancer. The agreement is lower for IR-CTV than HR-CTV. The individual characteristics of each case and different expertise levels of the ROs may have caused the differences. Despite the good concordance for delineation, dosimetric consequences can still be clinically significant.

Intracerebral de novo arterio-venous malformations as a side effect of bevacizumab

INTRODUCTION

Bevacizumab is a monoclonal antibody for the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor and is utilized in the treatment of various tumors. Gastrointestinal perforation/fistula, heart failure, hemorrhage, hypertension, proteinuria/nephrotic syndrome, thromboembolism, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, and necrotizing fasciitis are serious side effects of bevacizumab. Bevacizumab associated de novo brain arterio-venous malformation formation has not been documented in the literature.

CASE REPORT

Here, we presented a 35-year-old female patient with recurrent high-grade glial tumor who developed multiple supra- and infratentorial de novo arterio-venous malformations after receiving the last dose of bevacizumab.

MANAGEMENT & OUTCOME

Intervention options for the adverse effect were limited. In fact, there was no chance of intervention because the patient died for another reason.

DISCUSSION

Based on this experience, it can be hypothesized that bevacizumab may induce de novo arterio-venous malformations in the brain as a result of arterial and venous thrombotic effects. Additional studies should be done to clarify the causal relationship between bevacizumab and arterio-venous malformations in primary brain tumors.

Every other day stereotactic radiation therapy for the treatment of uveal melanoma decreases toxicity

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE

To report the long-term results of stereotactic radiosurgery and fractionated stereotactic radiation therapy (SRS/FSRT) in patients with uveal melanoma (UM).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

We retrospectively evaluated the results of patients treated between 2007 and 2019. The primary endpoints were local control (LC), local recurrence-free survival (LRFS), enucleation-free survival (EFS) and treatment toxicity.

RESULTS

443 patients with 445 UMs were treated via CyberKnife®. According to the COMS classification, 70% of the tumors were small/medium and 30% were large. Median total RT dose was 54 Gy, median BED10 was 151 Gy. After a median 74-months follow-up, SRS/FSRT yielded an 83% overall LC rate. The 5- and 10-year LRFS rate was 74% and 56%, respectively. Patient age and the COMS size were prognostic for all survival endpoints. An increased SRS/FSRT dose was associated with higher LRFS and EFS rates. SRS/FSRT-related toxicity was observed in 49% of the eyes. Median visual acuity (VA) significantly deteriorated after SRS/FSRT in 76% of the treated eyes. The overall eye preservation rate was 62%, and the 5- and 10-year EFS rate was 64% and 36%, respectively. The delivery of FSRT every other day resulted in a significantly lower rate of toxicity and enucleation compared to FSRT on consecutive days.

CONCLUSION

A total dose of ≥45 Gy and BED_10Gy ≥ 112.5 SRS/FSRT is associated with a higher LC rate in patients with UM. Despite the favorable outcomes, treatment toxicity is the major limitation of this treatment. Toxicity and enucleation can be minimized by treating the eye every other day.

Stereotactic Radiotherapy for Adrenal Metastases: A Multi-Institutional Review of Patient Characteristics and Outcomes - Turkish Society for Radiation Oncology SBRT Group Study (Trod SBRT 10-004)

INTRODUCTION

This study aimed to report the outcomes of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for adrenal metastasis in a retrospective multi-institutional cohort.

METHODS

The outcomes of 124 patients with 146 adrenal metastases who underwent SBRT within 11 years (2008-2019) were retrospectively evaluated. Survival outcomes were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method. Patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics and their effects on survival, local control (LC), and toxicity outcomes were analyzed by log-rank and multivariate Cox regression methods.

RESULTS

The median age was 60 years. The most frequent primary tumor site was the lung, followed by the gastrointestinal system and breast. The adrenal gland was the only metastatic site in 49 (40%) patients. Median biologically effective dose (BED)10 was 61 Gy. The overall LC rate was 83%, and it was positively correlated with the BED10 and fraction dose. The 1- and 2-year local recurrence-free survival, overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS) rate was 79% and 69%, 83% and 60%, and 31% and 12%, respectively. OS significantly improved with non-lung cancer and <4-cm lesion and PFS with a fraction dose ≥8 Gy, BED10 >65 Gy, and an isolated adrenal metastasis. Fourteen patients reported an acute toxicity, and late toxicity was observed in 3 patients, including one grade 5.

CONCLUSION

A satisfactory LC rate was achieved for adrenal metastasis via SBRT. A higher BED10 and fraction dose were positive prognostic factors for tumor control. However, the main problem is DM in these patients, and systemic treatment options are needed to be improved.

Radiotherapy-induced alterations in vitreous humor: A new potential critical structure

Vitreous humor (VH) is not considered as a critical structure in the radiotherapy planning process. In the present study, an experimental animal model was performed to examine the effects of radiotherapy on VH. The right eyes of twelve New Zealand rabbits were irradiated to 60 Gy in 3 fractions in accordance with the scheme used in the treatment of uveal melanoma in our clinic, and contralateral (left) eyes were considered as control. Weekly ophthalmologic examination was performed after irradiation, for three months. At the end of the third month, enucleation and vitreous collection were conducted. The vitreous samples were subjected to metabolomic analyses, ELISA analyses, viscosity measurements, and electron microscopic examination. In control and experimental vitreous samples, 275 different metabolites were identified, and 34 were found to differ significantly between groups. In multivariate analyzes, a clear distinction was observed between control and irradiated vitreous samples. Pathway analysis revealed that nine pathways were affected, and these pathways were mainly related to amino acid metabolism. A significant decrease was observed in the expressions of type II, V, and XI collagens in protein level in the ELISA. There was a non-significant decrease in type IX collagen and viscosity. Electron microscopic examination revealed disrupted collagen fibrillar ultra-structure and dispersed collagen fragments in the experimental vitreous. An intact vitreous is essential for a healthy eye. In this study, we observed that radiation causes changes in the vitreous that may have long-term consequences.

Does Combined Fractionated Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Immunotherapy Change the Outcome of Recurrent High-Grade Gliomas?

Background

Radiotherapy (RT) with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) has yielded good responses in many cancers. We aimed to report the results of combined fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT) and ICI in patients with recurrent high-grade glioma.

Methodology

Patients were treated with FSRT and nivolumab which were continued until progression or toxicity. The Response Assessment in Neuro-oncology and Immunotherapy Response Assessment in Neuro-oncology criteria were used to assess treatment response on magnetic resonance imaging. Treatment-related toxicity was noted in all patients.

Results

A total of eight patients were included. Recurrence was detected after a median of 5.8 months following the first RT, all in the treatment field. FSRT (3 × 8 Gy) was applied with neoadjuvant, concurrent, and adjuvant nivolumab. After a median follow-up of 21.3 months from diagnosis and 12.6 months from recurrence, one patient was alive and seven succumbed to the disease. The median overall survival was 20.9 months after diagnosis and 12.9 months after recurrence. The median progression-free interval was 2.3 months after FSRT. The local control (LC) rate was 62.5% with a median local recurrence-free survival of nine months. Progression in other regions of the brain was observed in four patients with a median progression-free survival of 2.1 months. Acute toxicity was not observed. ICI-related grade 3 late pneumonitis was observed in two patients, and grade 1 late thyroid toxicity in two patients. One patient with pneumonitis also developed osteoporosis and radiation necrosis.

Conclusions

A high LC rate was achieved with concurrent FSRT and ICI with a severe late toxicity rate of 25%. This combination can be an option in recurrent high-grade gliomas.

Parotid gland stem cells: Mini yet mighty

BACKGROUND

Our aim was to evaluate the correlation between the radiation doses to parotid gland (PG) stem cells and xerostomia.

METHODS

Patients diagnosed with head and neck cancer (HNC) were retrospectively evaluated, and xerostomia inventory (XI) was applied to these patients. PG stem cells were delineated on the treatment planning CT, and the mean doses to the PG stem cells calculated.

RESULTS

The total test score and mean doses to bilateral PGs were significantly correlated (r = .34, P = .001), and the mean doses to bilateral PG stem cell niches were significantly correlated with the total test score (r = .32, P = .002).

CONCLUSIONS

In this study, we found that the mean dose to PG stem cells can predict dry mouth as much as the mean dose to the PG.

Female genital tract rhabdomyosarcoma in childhood and adolescence: A single center experience

e22518

Background: Rhabdomyosarcoma is a rare tumor in children and adolescents, presenting 3% to 4% of all pediatric cancers. The female genital tract is considered as a favorable site of childhood RMS. The outcome has improved significantly during the last two decades, attributed to risk stratification and multimodality management of these challenging tumors. Here we present the clinical features and treatment results of girls with genital tract rhabdomyosarcoma to discuss. Methods: Fourteen girls with vaginal and uterine servical rhabdomyosarcoma younger than 18 years of age diagnosed and followed up between the years of 1995 and 2019 were included in this analysis. The clinical features and treatment results of patients were recorded from patient files and hospital information system retrospectively. Results: There were seven cases with vaginal and seven with uterin cervical carcinoma. All patients presented with polypoid masses protruding from the vagina. Median age of patients at diagnosis was 71 months (range 8-200 months). The IRS modified TNM staging was stage I for all the patients. All cases had embryonic type of RMS except one with alveolar type. All patients were treated with surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy, three received radiotherapy additionally. All achieved complete remission. Four patients experienced tumor relapse, 1 patient died with progressive disease. The median follow-up time was 75 months (7-271 months) for 13 patients who were alive with remission. Conclusions: Rhabdomyosarcoma is a rare sarcoma with a higher incidence in children and adolescents. With current treatment strategies, female genital tract rhabdomyosarcomas have a good prognosis. Favorable prognostic factors such as early stage at diagnosis and a favorable histology may contribute to the excellent observed survival. All parties who had involved on the care of these girls must be aware of the high survival with proper treatment to avoid treatment related morbidities and mortalities. Because of the rareness of the disease we wanted to share our experience.

Abscopal Effect, From Myth to Reality: From Radiation Oncologists' Perspective

The abscopal effect is mediated by a systemic anti-tumor immune response and reflects the regression of non-irradiated metastatic lesions at a distance from the primary site of irradiation. This review will focus on understanding the biological rationale behind the abscopal effect of radiotherapy (RT), which has a recently renewed interest as a result of the successes achieved with immunotherapy and RT in combination. Both RT and immunotherapy are standard components of modern treatment regimens. Combination of these two modalities results in an increased response in the irradiated lesions themselves and the metastatic regions distant from the site of irradiation. We will summarize the abscopal effect of radiotherapy, in particular, the synergistic effect of RT and immunotherapy.

The Synergistic Effect of Immune Checkpoint Blockade and Radiotherapy in Recurrent/Metastatic Sinonasal Cancer

Treatment options for recurrent/metastatic sinonasal cancer (RMSNC) patients are limited. We present two cases with RMSNC treated with a combination of immune checkpoint blockade and hypo-fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (HSRT). 

Case 1 presented with RMSNC three months after the primary treatment. The patient progressed under first-line chemotherapy and pembrolizumab was offered. The disease progressed after the sixth cycle. We performed reirradiation with HSRT to the primary site. Case 2 presented with local recurrence eight years after the primary treatment for maxillary sinus cancer. He refused surgery and chemotherapy and was offered nivolumab treatment. After two doses, we performed reirradiation with HSRT.

Case 1 showed regression at both the local and the metastatic sites after radiotherapy. The second patient’s symptoms resolved completely three months after radiotherapy.

The HSRT and immune checkpoint blockade combination is a promising treatment option for patients with RMSNC.

Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties of a Binuclear Copper(II) Complex Bridged by an Alkoxo-oxygen Atom and an Acetate Ion

[Cu4(L)2(O2CMe)2] H2O (L = 1,3-bis(5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)propan-2-ol) was synthesized and its crystal structure determined. (C38H34N4O10Br4Cu4)·H2O, monoclinic, space group P21/c, a = 21.072(5), b = 9.673(2), c = 21.934(4) Å, β = 109.73(2)°, V = 4208(2) Å3, Z = 4. The crystal structure consists of two independent binuclear copper(II) complexes and the non-coordinating water molecule in the asymetric unit. The Cu(II) ions are in a square-planar geometry and coordinated by donor atoms of the ligand (NO3).

The average Cu···Cu distance and average Cu-O-Cu angle are 3.491(2) Å and 132.0(1)°, respectively. Temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility measurements of the complex show an intramolecular anti ferromagnetic coupling in the dimeric Cu(II) core. The fitting parameters are -2J = 174.4 cm-1, g = 1.98.

Importance of Orbital Complementarity in Spin Coupling through Two Different Bridging Groups. Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Magnetic Properties and Magneto-Structural Correlations in a Dicopper(II) Complex of Endogenous Alkoxo Bridging Ligand with Exogenous Pyrazolate

[Cu2(L3)(3,5-prz)] (L3 = 1,3-bis(2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylideneamino)-propan-2-ol) (3) was synthesized and its crystal structure determined. The compound consists of discrete binuclear units, in which copper atoms are linked by the alkoxide oxygen atom of the ligand and the pyrazolate nitrogen atoms. Variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements for a powdered sample of the complex were carried out in the temperature range 4.4 - 308 K and analysed to obtain values of the parameter J in the exchange Hamiltonian H = -2JS1-S2. Recently, the dicopper(II) complexes [Cu2(L1)(3,5-prz)] (L1 = 1,3-bis(2-hydroxy-1-napthylideneamino)- propan-2-ol) (1) and [Cu2(L2)(3,5-prz)], (L2 = 1,3-bis(2-hydroxy-5-chlorosalicylideneamino)- propan-2-ol) (2) were reported. These compounds show antiferromagnetic behaviour (-2J: 444 cm-1 for 1 164 cm-1 for 2, and 472 cm-1 for 3). The strength of the super-exchange interaction (-2J) of 2 is much less than that of 1 and 3, a result which is difficult to explain in terms of structural factors on the basis of widely accepted criteria. The differences in the magnetic behaviour have been rationalized in terms of the bridging ligand orbital complementary / countercomplementary concept.

Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties of (2,2'-Dipyridyl)-(2-acetylphenolato)copper(II) Perchlorate

The mixed-ligand dinuclear complex (2,2'-dipyridyl)-(2-acetylphenolato)copper(II) perchlorate was synthesized and its crystal structures determined. The structure consists of a dimeric unit involving a planar Cu2O2 group. The coordination sphere of the Cu atom can be described as an alongated octahedron where the basal plane is formed by the two N atoms of the 2,2'-dipyridyl molecule and the two O atoms of the acetophenon anion. Two apical Cu - O contacts complete the 4+2 coordination of the Cu atoms. They correspond to one of the O atoms of the perchlorate anion and to the O atom of the second unit. Magnetic susceptibility data obey the Curie-Weiss law with θ = -8.1(2) K. The decreasing of the effective magnetic moment from 1.94(8) μB at 300 K to 1.86(8) μB at 70 K and the negative Weiss constant indicate weak antiferromagnetic interactions between the two copper atoms in the dimeric units.

Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Spectroscopic and Magnetic Properties of a Dinuclear Iron(III) Complex Asymmetrically Bridged by a Phenoxo and a Methoxo Group

A new dinuclear iron(III) derivative Fe2L(OCH3)Cl2 (L = 1,3-bis[N-(5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzylidene)- 2-aminoethyl]-2-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)imidazolidine) has been synthesized, it crystal structure determined and magnetically characterized. The two iron(III) ions are asymmetrically bridged by a phenoxo and a methoxo group and separated by 3.150(2)Å . The magnetic susceptibility of the complex was measured over the range 5 - 349.3 K and the observed data were successfully simulated by the equation based on the spin-Hamiltonian operator , indicating very weak antiferromagnetic coupling between the iron ions with J = −11.3 cm−1. The magnetic and structural parameters of the compound and the nature of the magnetic super-exchange interaction are discussed and compared with data of similar dinuclear iron(III) complexes.

Magnetic Properties and Crystal Structure of a 3,5-Dimethylpyrazolate-Bridged Binuclear Copper(II) Complex

[Cu2L(prz)] (prz = 3,5-dimethylpyrazole and L = 1,3-bis(5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)- propan-2-ol) was synthesized and its crystal structure determined. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbca with a = 14.160(9), b = 15.109(4), c = 21.298(5) Å, V = 4557(1) A3, Z = 8 . Two copper(II) ions are in a square-planar coordination. The metal coordination sphere is four-coordinate, with a planar N2O2 donor set. The dihedral angle between the two coordination planes is 12.14(7)°. The copper(II) centers are separated by 3.365(1) Å and antiferromagnetically coupled (J = -214.3 cm-1), which follows from temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility measurements in the temperature range 4.6 to 310 K. The Cu-O-Cu angle is 125.9(1)° in the super-exchange pathway. The magnetic moment at 310 K is ca. 1.76 B.M. and 0.13 B.M. at 4.6 K.

Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties of a (μ-Hydroxo)(μ-acetato) Dicopper(II) Complex

[Cu2(L)(O2CMe)] · H2O (L = 1,3-Bis(2-Hydroxy-1-napthylideneamino)propan-2-ol) was synthesized and its crystal structure determined. (C27H23N2O5Cu2).H2O , monoclinic, space group P21/c, a = 11.795(3), b = 17.988(5), c = 12.005(6) Å, β = 109.99(3)°, V = 2393(2) Å3, Z = 4. Two copper(II) ions in a square-planar coordination are bridged by alkoxide and acetate oxygen atoms to form a dinuclear unit. The metal coordination sphere is four-coordinate, planar with an NO3 donor set. The dihedral angle between the two coordination planes is 6.34(9)°. The copper(II) centers are separated by 3.492(2) Å and weakly antiferromagnetically coupled (-2J = 163.6 cm-1 ), which follows from temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility measurements in the temperature range 4.6 to 310 K. The Cu-O-Cu angle is 133.5(1)° in the super-exchange pathway. The weak antiferromagnetic coupling of the complex is interpreted in terms of countercomplementary effects of the different bridging ligands which participate in the super-exchange interaction. The magnetic moment at 310 K is ca. 2.7 B. M., but 0.2 B. M. at 4.6 K. The magnetic susceptibility is at a maximum near 140 K and decreases rapidly as the temperature is lowered to liquid helium temperature.

The Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Spectroscopic Properties of a Dinuclear μ–Pyrazolato–N,N’–Bridged Dinickel(II) Complex of 1,3–Bis(salicylideneamino)propan–2–ol

The title compound [Ni2(L)(3,5 prz)], prz = pyrazolate with the formally pentadentate ligand L = 1,3-bis(salicylideneamino)propan-2-olate, was synthesized and identified using elemental analysis and IR spectroscopy. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with cell parameters a = 29.873(4), b = 11.131(2), c = 13.166(3) Å , β = 107.770(10)°, V = 4169.0(13) Å3, Z = 4, Dcal = 1.618 Mg/m3. The nickel ions are bridged by the alkoxo group of the ligand and the N atoms of the μ-pyrazolate group. Each nickel(II) ion is coordinated by two N atoms and two O atoms, forming a square with trans-N2O2 geometry. The Ni···Ni distance and the Ni−O−Ni angle are 3.371(1) Å and 126.4(1)°, respectively.

Crystal Structure and Conformation of 2-{(2′-Aminobenzyl)iminoethyl}- 5-methoxyphenol

The Schiff base, 2-{(2′-aminobenzyl)iminoethyl}-5-methoxyphenol, 1,2 -C6H4[NH2-2 ʹ]-CH2N=CHC6H3(OMe-5)OH (I), has been prepared by the reaction of 2 -amino-1-benzylamine and 2-hydroxy-4-methoxyacetophenone in methanol. The molecular structure has been con­firmed by single crystal X-ray crystallography (triclinic, space group P 1̄, a = 7.201(2), b = 9.802(2), c = 9.993(2) Å, α = 83.09(2), β = 73.49(2), γ = 84.09(2)°, R = 0.0415 for 2611 independent reflections). The 1H and 13C NMR spectra in CDCI3 solution indicate the forma­tion of some other minor conformations or dissociation in solution. The title compoundois not planar. Intramolecular hydrogen bonding occurs between O(1) and N(1) atoms [2.528(2) Å], the hydrogen atom essentially being bonded to the nitrogen atom. Minimum energy conformations from AMI were calculated as a function of four torsion angles. The optimized geometry of the molecular structure corresponding to the non-planar conformation is the most stable conformation in all calculations. The results strongly indicate that the minimum energy conformation is primarily determined by non-bonded hydrogen-hydrogen repulsions.

The Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a Dinuclear μ-Pyrazolato-N,N'-Bridged Dinickel(II) Complex of 1,3-Bis(2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylideneamino)propan-2-ol

Ligand The asymmetric unit of crystal of the title compound, [Ni2(L)(C3H3N2)] (L = 1,3-Bis(2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylideneamino)propan-2-ol, C3H3N2 = pyrazolate) contains two inde­pendent dinickel(II) complexes. In both molecules, the nickel(II) ions are bridged by the alkoxo group of the ligand and the N atoms of the pyrazolate group. Each nickel(II) ion is coordinated by two N and two O atoms, forming a square with trans-N2O2 geometry.

Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties of a New Hetero-Dinuclear CuIIMnII Schiff Base Complex

Mn[Cu(L)(O2CMe)2] · H2O (L = N,N’-bis(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-1,3-diaminopropane) was synthesized and the crystal structure determined. (C23H26CuMnN2O8).H2O, monoclinic, space group P21/c, a = 12.017(3), b = 8.217(3), c = 24.786(4) Å , β = 92.10(2)°, V = 2446(1) Å3, Z = 4. The crystal structure consists of ordered dinuclear units with CuII and MnII ions bridged by two oxygen atoms of the Schiff base ligand. The CuII coordination sphere is a slightly distorted square-plane formed by the N2O2 donor set of the Schiff base ligands. The average Cu-O and Cu-N distances are 1.920(1) and 1.957(4) Å , respectively. The coordination around the MnII ion is a distorted tetrahedron with the donor oxygen atoms of the Schiff base ligands and oxygen atoms of the acetate anions. The Cu ··· Mn separation is 3.327(4) Å . There is also one non-coordinating water molecule in the crystal structure. The χ and χT versus T plots, χ being the molar magnetic susceptibility per CuIIMnII unit and T the temperature, has been measured in the 4.9 - 301 K temperature range. The values of the interaction parameters are J = −28.3 cm−1, gMn = 2.01, gCu = 2.07. This indicates an intramolecular antiferromagnetic interaction between CuII and MnII ions.

Crystal Structures and Magnetic Properties of (2,2'-Dipyridyl)-(3-methoxysalicylaldiminato)copper(II) Perchlorate and (2,2'-Dipyridyl)-(4-methoxysalicylaldiminato)copper(II) Perchlorate

The mixed-ligand dinuclear complexes (2,2'-dipyridyl)-(3-methoxysalicylaldiminato)copper( II) perchlorate (1) and (2,2'-dipyridyl)-(4-methoxysalicylaldiminato)copper(II) perchlorate (2)were synthesized and their crystal structures determined. Both structures consist of a dimeric unit involving a planar Cu2O2 group. In both structures, the coordination sphere of the Cu atoms can be described as an elongated octahedron where the basal plane is formed by the twoN atoms of the 2,2'-dipyridyl molecule and the two O atoms of the salicylaldehyde anion. The phenoxo O atom is the negative ligand of the monomeric unit. Two apical Cu-O contacts complete the 4+2 coordination of the Cu atoms. They correspond to one of the O atoms of the perchlorate anion and to the O atom of the nearest salicylaldehyde molecule. Variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility data obey the Curie-Weiss law with Θ = -10.3(2) K for 1 and -10.1(2) K for 2. The decrease of the effective magnetic moment from 1.89(7) μB at 300 K to 1.77(7) μB at 70 K for 1 and from 1.88(8) μB at 300 K to 1.76(8) μB at 70 K for 2 and the negative Weiss constants indicate weak antiferromagnetic interactions between the two copper atoms in the dimeric units.

Synthesis and Crystal Structures of a New μ-Bis(tetradentate) Schiff Base Ligand and its Mononuclear Iron(III) Complex: Iron(III) Induced Imidazolidine Ring Hydrolysis of Binucleating Schiff Base Ligand

The μ-bis(tetradentate) ligand, [C27H26Cl3N4O4], H3L′, 1,3-bis[N-(5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzylidene)- 2-aminoethyl]-2-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)imidazolidine and its mononuclear iron(III) complex, [Fe(L)](ClO4), L = N, N′-bis(5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-triethylenetetramine have been synthesized and their crystal structures determined. Minimum energy conformations of the ligand were calculated (MOPAC, AM1) as a function of two torsion angles and the results compared with optimized crystal structure. The ligand (H3L′) reacts with Fe(ClO4)2 · 6H2O in aqueous methanol to form the mononuclear [Fe(L)](ClO4) complex with the imidazolidine ring cleaved by hydrolysis. The complex has an N4O2 donor atom set forming a distorted octahedral coordination geometry around the metal atom as established from a crystal structure determination. The terminal oxygen donor atoms occupy cis positions, and the remaining four nitrogen atoms (two cis amine and two trans imine) complete the coordination sphere.

Magnetic Properties and Crystal Structure of a Dinuclear Iron(III) Complex

[FeL(MeOH)Cl]2 (L = N-(5-methylphenyl)-3-methoxysalicylaldimine) was synthesized and its crystal structure determined, [C30H26Cl2Fe2N2O6], triclinic, space group P1̄, a = 7.481(2), b = 9.436(2), c = 10.961(2) Å, α= 69.790(10), β= 82.440(10), γ= 83.690(10)°, V=718.1(3) Å3 , Z = 1. Two identical [FeLCl] fragments, related by an inversion centre, are connected by two bridging O atoms to form a binuclear unit. The iron(III) centers are separated by 3.196(2) Å and weakly antiferromagnetically coupled (J = -10.4(1) cm-1), which follows from temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility measurements in the range 5.1 to 275.6 K. The magnetic moment at 275.6 K is ca. 7.02 B. M., but 0.99 B. M. at 5.1 K. The magnetic susceptibility is at a maximum near 80 K and decreases rapidly as the temperature is lowered to liquid helium temperature.

Exchange Interaction in a Dinuclear Iron(III) Complex of a Heptadentate Schiff Base: Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties

Synthesis, crystallographic characterization and magnetic properties of the new dinuclear iron(III) complex Fe2L(OCH3)Cl2 (L=1,3-bis[N-(3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-aminoethyl]-2-(3,5- dichlo ro-2-hydroxyphenyl)imidazolidine) are reported. The structure consists of dinuclear units. The two iron(III) atoms are asymmetrically bridged by a phenoxo and a methoxo group. The iron(III) centers are separated by 3.133(2) Å . The Magnetic susceptibility of the complex was measured over the range 5 - 298 K and the observed data were successfully simulated by the equation based on the spin-Hamiltonian operator H = −JS⃗1.S⃗2. Magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate very weak antiferromagnetic coupling between the iron ions with J = −10.8 cm−1 and g = 2.0.