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Granero R, Fernández-Aranda F, Mestre-Bach G, Steward T, García-Caro B, Prever F, Gavriel-Fried B, del Pino-Gutiérrez A, Moragas L, Aymamí N, Gómez-Peña M, Mena-Moreno T, Martín-Romera V, Menchón JM, Jiménez-Murcia S. Clustering of treatment-seeking women with gambling disorder. J Behav Addict 2018; 7:770-780. [PMID: 30238785 PMCID: PMC6426395 DOI: 10.1556/2006.7.2018.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of gambling disorder (GD) in women has increased, but, to date, few studies have explored the features of clinical GD subtypes in female samples. AIMS The aim of this study is to identify empirical clusters based on clinical/sociodemographic variables in a sample of treatment-seeking women with GD. METHODS Agglomerative hierarchical clustering was applied to a sample of n = 280 patients, using sociodemographic variables, psychopathology, and personality traits as indicators for the grouping procedure. RESULTS Three mutually exclusive groups were obtained: (a) Cluster 1 (highly dysfunctional; n = 82, 29.3%) endorsed the highest levels in gambling severity, comorbid psychopathology, novelty seeking, harm avoidance, and self-transcendence, and the lowest scores in self-directedness and cooperativeness; (b) Cluster 2 (dysfunctional; n = 142, 50.7%) achieved medium mean scores in gambling severity and psychopathological symptoms; and (c) Cluster 3 (functional; n = 56, 20.0%) obtained the lowest mean scores in gambling severity and in psychopathology, and a personality profile characterized by low levels in novelty seeking, harm avoidance, and self-transcendence, and the highest levels in self-directedness and cooperativeness. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS This study sheds light on the clinical heterogeneity of women suffering from GD. Identifying the differing features of women with GD is vital to developing prevention programs and personalized treatment protocols for this overlooked population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roser Granero
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Health Science, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital/IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Mestre-Bach
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital/IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Trevor Steward
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital/IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bárbara García-Caro
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Health Science, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fulvia Prever
- National Health System Addictions Clinic, Milan, Italy
| | - Belle Gavriel-Fried
- The Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Amparo del Pino-Gutiérrez
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital/IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain,Nursing Department of Mental Health, Public Health, Maternal and Child Health, Nursing School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Moragas
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital/IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Neus Aymamí
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital/IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica Gómez-Peña
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital/IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Mena-Moreno
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital/IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Virginia Martín-Romera
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Health Science, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José M. Menchón
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital/IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Ciber de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital/IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Corresponding author: Susana Jiménez-Murcia; Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital/IDIBELL; Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, c/ Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Phone: +34 93 260 79 88; Fax: +34 93 260 76 58; E-mail:
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