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Ravindra KC, Selvi BR, Arif M, Reddy BAA, Thanuja GR, Agrawal S, Pradhan SK, Nagashayana N, Dasgupta D, Kundu TK. Inhibition of lysine acetyltransferase KAT3B/p300 activity by a naturally occurring hydroxynaphthoquinone, plumbagin. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:24453-64. [PMID: 19570987 PMCID: PMC2782038 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.023861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2009] [Revised: 06/29/2009] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysine acetyltransferases (KATs), p300 (KAT3B), and its close homologue CREB-binding protein (KAT3A) are probably the most widely studied KATs with well documented roles in various cellular processes. Hence, the dysfunction of p300 may result in the dysregulation of gene expression leading to the manifestation of many disorders. The acetyltransferase activity of p300/CREB-binding protein is therefore considered as a target for new generation therapeutics. We describe here a natural compound, plumbagin (RTK1), isolated from Plumbago rosea root extract, that inhibits histone acetyltransferase activity potently in vivo. Interestingly, RTK1 specifically inhibits the p300-mediated acetylation of p53 but not the acetylation by another acetyltransferase, p300/CREB-binding protein -associated factor, PCAF, in vivo. RTK1 inhibits p300 histone acetyltransferase activity in a noncompetitive manner. Docking studies and site-directed mutagenesis of the p300 histone acetyltransferase domain suggest that a single hydroxyl group of RTK1 makes a hydrogen bond with the lysine 1358 residue of this domain. In agreement with this, we found that indeed the hydroxyl group-substituted plumbagin derivatives lost the acetyltransferase inhibitory activity. This study describes for the first time the chemical entity (hydroxyl group) required for the inhibition of acetyltransferase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kodihalli C. Ravindra
- From the Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064
| | - B. Ruthrotha Selvi
- From the Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064
| | - Mohammed Arif
- From the Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064
| | - B. A. Ashok Reddy
- From the Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064
| | - Gali R. Thanuja
- From the Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064
| | - Shipra Agrawal
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, International Technology Park Bangalore, Whitefield Road, Bangalore 560066
| | - Suman Kalyan Pradhan
- Biophysics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, I/AF, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - Natesh Nagashayana
- Central Government Health Scheme Dispensary Number 3, Basavanagudi, Bangalore 560004, and
| | - Dipak Dasgupta
- Biophysics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, I/AF, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - Tapas K. Kundu
- From the Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064
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Kishore AH, Vedamurthy BM, Mantelingu K, Agrawal S, Reddy BAA, Roy S, Rangappa KS, Kundu TK. Specific Small-Molecule Activator of Aurora Kinase A Induces Autophosphorylation in a Cell-Free System⊥. J Med Chem 2008; 51:792-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jm700954w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Mantelingu K, Reddy BAA, Swaminathan V, Kishore AH, Siddappa NB, Kumar GVP, Nagashankar G, Natesh N, Roy S, Sadhale PP, Ranga U, Narayana C, Kundu TK. Specific inhibition of p300-HAT alters global gene expression and represses HIV replication. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 14:645-57. [PMID: 17584612 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2007.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2007] [Revised: 04/18/2007] [Accepted: 04/23/2007] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Reversible acetylation of histone and nonhistone proteins plays pivotal role in cellular homeostasis. Dysfunction of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) leads to several diseases including cancer, neurodegenaration, asthma, diabetes, AIDS, and cardiac hypertrophy. We describe the synthesis and characterization of a set of p300-HAT-specific small-molecule inhibitors from a natural nonspecific HAT inhibitor, garcinol, which is highly toxic to cells. We show that the specific inhibitor selectively represses the p300-mediated acetylation of p53 in vivo. Furthermore, inhibition of p300-HAT down regulates several genes but significantly a few important genes are also upregulated. Remarkably, these inhibitors were found to be nontoxic to T cells, inhibit histone acetylation of HIV infected cells, and consequently inhibit the multiplication of HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Mantelingu
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur P.O. Bangalore, India
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Swaminathan V, Reddy BAA, Ruthrotha Selvi B, Sukanya MS, Kundu TK. Small molecule modulators in epigenetics: implications in gene expression and therapeutics. Subcell Biochem 2007; 41:397-428. [PMID: 17484138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Altered gene expression resulting from changes in the post-translational modification patterns of the histones and DNA is collectively termed epigenetics. Such changes are inherited albeit there are no alterations in the DNA sequence. Epigenetic regulation of gene expression is implemented by a wide repertoire of histone and DNA modifying enzymes including the acetyltransferases and deacetylases, the methyltransferases and kinases among others. Therefore, a regulation of these enzyme activities affords a tighter regulation of gene expression. Conversely, aberrant enzymatic activities lead to unregulated gene expression, resulting in several diseases such as RTS (loss of CBP HAT activity) and Spinal and Bulbar muscular atrophy (HATs and HMTases), apart from several forms of cancers, particularly myeloid leukemia (RAR-PML or RAR-PLZF fusion proteins resulting in the mistargeting of HDACs). Thus these enzymes have emerged as novel targets for the design of therapeutics. In this direction, several small molecule modulators (activators and inhibitors) of HATs, HDACs and HMTases are being reported in literature. This chapter introduces the different histone modifying enzymes involved in gene regulation, their connection to disease manifestation and focuses on the role of small molecule modulators in understanding enzyme function and also the design and the evolution of chromatin therapeutics
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Affiliation(s)
- V Swaminathan
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, P O, Bangalore-560064, INDIA
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Pavan Kumar GV, Ashok Reddy BA, Arif M, Kundu TK, Narayana C. Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Studies of Human Transcriptional Coactivator p300. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:16787-92. [PMID: 16913819 DOI: 10.1021/jp063071e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report for the first time the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) studies on p300, a large multidomain transcriptional coactivator protein. Vibration spectral analysis has been performed in an attempt to understand the structure of the p300 in the absence of its crystal structure. Strong Raman bands associated with amides I-III have been observed in the protein spectra. This has been confirmed by performing SERS on deuterated p300. We also observe Raman bands associated with the alpha-helix, tryptophan, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and histidine. These bands will provide an ideal tool to study the drug-protein interactions in therapeutics using SERS. We have successfully demonstrated the chloride ion effect on the SERS of p300. The Raman intensity increases in the SERS spectra upon addition of chloride ion along with appearance of new modes. We have developed a new method, namely, the "sandwich technique", which could be used to perform SERS experiments on proteins in dry conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G V Pavan Kumar
- Light Scattering Laboratory, Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, and Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur P.O., Bangalore 560064, India
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