Sequestration of dyes from artificially prepared textile effluent using RSM-CCD optimized hybrid backbone based adsorbent-kinetic and equilibrium studies

Present work reports the synthesis of semi-Interpenetrating Network Polymer (semi-IPN) using Gelatin-Gum xanthan hybrid backbone and polyvinyl alcohol in presence of l-tartaric acid and ammonium persulphate as the crosslinker-initiator system. Reaction parameters were optimized with Response Surface Methodology (RSM) in order to maximize the percent gel fraction of the synthesized sample. Polyvinyl alcohol, l-Tartaric acid, ammonium persulphate, reaction temperature, time and pH of the reaction medium were found to make an impact on the percentage gel fraction obtained. Incorporation of polyvinyl alcohol chains onto hybrid backbone and crosslinking between the different polymer chains were confirmed through techniques like FTIR, SEM-EDX and XRD. Semi-IPN was found to be very efficient in the removal of cationic dyes rhodamine-B (70%) and auramine-O (63%) from a mixture with an adsorbent dose of 700 mg, initial concentration of rhodamine-B 6 mgL^-1 and auramine-O 26 mgL^-1, at an time interval of 22-25 h and 30 °C temp. Further to determine the nature of adsorption Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models were studied and it was found that Langmuir adsorption isotherm was the best fit model for the removal of mixture of dyes. Kinetic studies for the sorption of dyes favored the reaction mechanism to occur via a pseudo second order pathway with R² value about 0.99.

Aegle marmelos Mediated Green Synthesis of Different Nanostructured Metal Hexacyanoferrates: Activity against Photodegradation of Harmful Organic Dyes

Prussian blue analogue potassium metal hexacyanoferrate (KMHCF) nanoparticles Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3 (FeHCF), K2Cu3[Fe(CN)6]2 (KCuHCF), K2Ni[Fe(CN)6]·3H2O (KNiHCF), and K2Co[Fe(CN)6] (KCoHCF) have been synthesized using plant based biosurfactant Aegle marmelos (Bael) and water as a green solvent. It must be emphasized here that no harmful reagent or solvent was used throughout the study. Plant extracts are easily biodegradable and therefore do not cause any harm to the environment. Hence, the proposed method of synthesis of various KMHCF nanoparticles followed a green path. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). MHCF nanoparticles were used for the photocatalytic degradation of toxic dyes like Malachite Green (MG), Eriochrome Black T (EBT), Methyl Orange (MO), and Methylene Blue (MB). Under optimized reaction conditions, maximum photocatalytic degradation was achieved in case of KCuHCF nanoparticles mediated degradation process (MG: 96.06%, EBT: 83.03%, MB: 94.72%, and MO: 63.71%) followed by KNiHCF (MG: 95%, EBT: 80.32%, MB: 91.35%, and MO: 59.42%), KCoHCF (MG: 91.45%, EBT: 78.84%, MB: 89.28%, and MO: 58.20%).

Metal-free 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition approach towards the regioselective synthesis of β-carboline and isoxazole based molecular hybrids

Nature has nourished β-carboline and isoxazole derivatives as privileged scaffolds and consequently they are ubiquitously found in alkaloids isolated from various sources.

Biodegradation study of enzymatically catalyzed interpenetrating polymer network: Evaluation of agrochemical release and impact on soil fertility

A novel interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) has been synthesized through enzymatic initiation using lipase as initiator, glutaraldehyde as cross-linker, acrylic acid as primary monomer and acrylamide as secondary monomer. Biodegradability of synthesized interpenetrating polymer network was studied through soil burial and composting methods. Synthesized hydrogel was completely degraded within 70 days using composting method, while it was 86.03% degraded within 77 days using soil burial method. This was confirmed by Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. Synthesized interpenetrating polymer network hydrogel was used as a device for controlled release of urea and also act as water releasing device. Their impact on soil fertility and plant growth was also studied. The initial diffusion coefficient has a greater value than the later diffusion coefficient indicating a higher fertilizer release rate during the early stage. Fertilizer release kinetic was also studied which showed Non-Fickian diffusion behavior, as the rate of fertilizer release was comparable to the relaxation time of the synthesized matrix. Synthesized IPN enhance the water uptake capacity up to 6.2% and 7.2% in sandy loam and clay soil, respectively.

Green synthesis of potassium zinc hexacyanoferrate nanocubes and their potential application in photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes

The novelty of work lies in the green synthesis of KZnHCF nanocubes using natural surfactant and impact on photocatalytic degradation.

Synthesis of a Gum rosin alcohol-poly(acrylamide) based adsorbent and its application in removal of malachite green dye from waste water

The present paper is focused on the synthesis of a green GrA-cl-poly(AAm) adsorbent using N,N′-methylene-bis-acrylamide and potassium persulphate as a crosslinker–initiator system.

Surface functionalization of coconut fibers by enzymatic biografting of syringaldehyde for the development of biocomposites

Surface modification of coconut fibers was carried out by laccase-assisted biografting of syringaldehyde for their use as reinforcing material in the preparation of biocomposites.

Optimal response surface design of Gum tragacanth-based poly[(acrylic acid)-co-acrylamide] IPN hydrogel for the controlled release of the antihypertensive drug losartan potassium

The present study proposes the development and optimization of a new interpenetrating polymer network (IPN), consisting of Gum tragacanth, poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), and poly(acrylamide) (PAAm), for the in situ controlled release of losartan potassium under different pH conditions at 37 °C.

Development of corn starch based green composites reinforced with Saccharum spontaneum L fiber and graft copolymers--evaluation of thermal, physico-chemical and mechanical properties

In this paper, corn starch based green composites reinforced with graft copolymers of Saccharum spontaneum L. (Ss) fiber and methyl methacrylates (MMA) and its mixture with acrylamide (AAm), acrylonitrile (AN), acrylic acid (AA) were prepared. Resorcinol-formaldehyde (Rf) was used as the cross-linking agent in corn starch matrix and different physico-chemical, thermal and mechanical properties were evaluated. The matrix and composites were found to be thermally more stable than the natural corn starch backbone. Further the matrix and composites were subjected for biodegradation studies through soil composting method. Different stages of biodegradation were evaluated through FT-IR and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) techniques. S. spontaneum L fiber-reinforced composites were found to exhibit better tensile strength. On the other hand Ss-g-poly (MMA) reinforced composites showed maximum compressive strength and wear resistance than other graft copolymers reinforced composite and the basic matrix.

In air synthesis of GA-cl-poly(MAA) hydrogel and study of its salt- resistant swelling behavior in different salts

A novel hydrogel has been synthesized by grafting methacrylic acid (MAA) onto Gum arabic (GA) through free radical graft co-polymerization in the presence of potassium persulphate (KPS) as an initiator and hexamethylene tetramine (HMTA) as a cross-linker. Various reaction parameters like reaction temperature, reaction time, concentration of initiator, amount of solvent, pH, concentration of monomer and concentration of cross-linker were optimized. GAcl-poly(MAA) was characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, SEM and TGA-DTA techniques. Optimized polymer was studied for its salt-resistant swelling behavior in different solutions: NaCl, MgCl2, CaCl2, FeCl3, ZnCl2 and BaCl2 as a function of salt concentration, temperature and pH. It was observed that GA-cl-poly(MAA) exhibits following salt-resistant swelling trend in different salts: NaCl > ZnCl2 > MgCl2 > CaCl2 > BaCl2 > FeCl3

In Vacuum Preparation of Psy-cl-poly(AAm) Superabsorbent and its Applications in Oil - Industry

In the present study Psyllium was modified with acrylamide through chemically induced graft co-polymerization, under the influence of vacuum using potassium persulphate as an initiator. Graft copolymers were further crosslinked with hexamethylene tetramine for their application in removal of water from different water-oil emulsions. The hydrogel was found to be selective in its absorption and maximum absorption of water was found to be 3020%.

Anti-inflammatory effect of Arnebia euchroma root extracts in rats

The petroleum ether, chloroform, alcoholic and aqueous extracts of Arnebia euchroma roots (500 mg/kg, orally each) were found to exhibit maximal edema inhibition (61.2%, 45%, 27.5% and 60%, respectively) against carrageenin-induced rat-paw edema at 300 min interval. The activity shown by different extracts was comparable to that shown by the reference drug, ibuprofen (50 mg/kg, p.o., 61.6% inhibition, 200 min).