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Parihar AK, Gupta S, Hazra KK, Lamichaney A, Sen Gupta D, Singh D, Kumar R, Singh AK, Vaishnavi R, Jaberson MS, Das SP, Dev J, Yadav RK, Jamwal BS, Choudhary BR, Khedar OP, Prakash V, Dikshit HK, Panwar RK, Katiyar M, Kumar P, Mahto CS, Borah HK, Singh MN, Das A, Patil AN, Nanda HC, Kumar V, Rajput SD, Chauhan DA, Patel MH, Kanwar RR, Kumar J, Mishra SP, Kumar H, Swarup I, Mogali S, Kumaresan D, Manivannan N, Gowda MB, Pandiyan M, Rao PJ, Shivani D, Prusti AM, Mahadevu P, Iyanar K, Das S. Multi-location evaluation of mungbean ( Vigna radiata L.) in Indian climates: Ecophenological dynamics, yield relation, and characterization of locations. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:984912. [PMID: 36204050 PMCID: PMC9530336 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.984912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Crop yield varies considerably within agroecology depending on the genetic potential of crop cultivars and various edaphic and climatic variables. Understanding site-specific changes in crop yield and genotype × environment interaction are crucial and needs exceptional consideration in strategic breeding programs. Further, genotypic response to diverse agro-ecologies offers identification of strategic locations for evaluating traits of interest to strengthen and accelerate the national variety release program. In this study, multi-location field trial data have been used to investigate the impact of environmental conditions on crop phenological dynamics and their influence on the yield of mungbean in different agroecological regions of the Indian subcontinent. The present attempt is also intended to identify the strategic location(s) favoring higher yield and distinctiveness within mungbean genotypes. In the field trial, a total of 34 different mungbean genotypes were grown in 39 locations covering the north hill zone (n = 4), northeastern plain zone (n = 6), northwestern plain zone (n = 7), central zone (n = 11) and south zone (n = 11). The results revealed that the effect of the environment was prominent on both the phenological dynamics and productivity of the mungbean. Noticeable variations (expressed as coefficient of variation) were observed for the parameters of days to 50% flowering (13%), days to maturity (12%), reproductive period (21%), grain yield (33%), and 1000-grain weight (14%) across the environments. The genotype, environment, and genotype × environment accounted for 3.0, 54.2, and 29.7% of the total variation in mungbean yield, respectively (p < 0.001), suggesting an oversized significance of site-specific responses of the genotypes. Results demonstrated that a lower ambient temperature extended both flowering time and the crop period. Linear mixed model results revealed that the changes in phenological events (days to 50 % flowering, days to maturity, and reproductive period) with response to contrasting environments had no direct influence on crop yields (p > 0.05) for all the genotypes except PM 14-11. Results revealed that the south zone environment initiated early flowering and an extended reproductive period, thus sustaining yield with good seed size. While in low rainfall areas viz., Sriganganagar, New Delhi, Durgapura, and Sagar, the yield was comparatively low irrespective of genotypes. Correlation results and PCA indicated that rainfall during the crop season and relative humidity significantly and positively influenced grain yield. Hence, the present study suggests that the yield potential of mungbean is independent of crop phenological dynamics; rather, climatic variables like rainfall and relative humidity have considerable influence on yield. Further, HA-GGE biplot analysis identified Sagar, New Delhi, Sriganganagar, Durgapura, Warangal, Srinagar, Kanpur, and Mohanpur as the ideal testing environments, which demonstrated high efficiency in the selection of new genotypes with wider adaptability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sanjeev Gupta
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi, India
| | - Kali K. Hazra
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, India
| | | | | | - Deepak Singh
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Raju Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Anil K. Singh
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, India
| | - Rakesh Vaishnavi
- Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (SKUAST), Srinagar, India
| | | | - Sankar P. Das
- ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hilly Region, Agartala, India
| | - Jai Dev
- Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, India
| | - Rajesh K. Yadav
- Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - B. S. Jamwal
- Pulses Research Sub-Station, SKUAST-Jammu, Srinagar, India
| | | | - O. P. Khedar
- Rajasthan Agricultural Research Institute, Jaipur, India
| | | | | | - R. K. Panwar
- Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India
| | - Manoj Katiyar
- Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Ayodhya, India
| | - C. S. Mahto
- Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, India
| | - H. K. Borah
- Regional Agricultural Research Station, Shillongani, India
| | - M. N. Singh
- Institute of Agricultural Science, BHU, Varanasi, India
| | - Arpita Das
- Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, India
| | - A. N. Patil
- Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Pulses Research Unit, Akola, India
| | - H. C. Nanda
- Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Regional Agricultural Research Station, Sagar, India
| | | | | | - M. H. Patel
- Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushi Nagar, India
| | - Raja R. Kanwar
- S.G. College of Agriculture and Research Station, Jagdalpur, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar
- Rajmohni Devi College of Agriculture and Research Station, Ambikapur, India
| | - S. P. Mishra
- Mahatma Gandhi Chitrakoot Gramodaya Vishwavidyalaya, Chitrakoot, India
| | - Hitesh Kumar
- Banda University of Agriculture and Technology, Banda, India
| | - Indu Swarup
- Regional Research Centre on Pulses, College of Agriculture, Indore, India
| | - Suma Mogali
- University of Agricultural Sciences (UAS), Dharwad, India
| | - D. Kumaresan
- Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU), Coimbatore, India
| | | | - M. Byre Gowda
- University of Agricultural Sciences, Gandhi Krishi Vigyana Kendra (GKVK), Bangalore, India
| | | | - Polneni J. Rao
- Regional Agricultural Research Station (PJTSAU), Warangal, India
| | - D. Shivani
- PJTSA-Agricultural Research Station, Madhira, India
| | - A. M. Prusti
- Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - P. Mahadevu
- College of Agriculture, UAS, GKVK, Mandya, India
| | - K. Iyanar
- Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU), Coimbatore, India
| | - Sujata Das
- Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
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