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Liu H, Shi Y, Ji G, Wang J, Gai B. Ultrasound-triggered with ROS-responsive SN38 nanoparticle for enhanced combination cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1339380. [PMID: 38571953 PMCID: PMC10987707 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1339380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Controlled generation of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) is essential in cancer therapy. Ultrasound (US)-triggered sonodynamic therapy (SDT) has shown considerable ability to trigger in situ ROS generation. Unfortunately, US therapy alone is insufficient to trigger an efficient anticancer response, owing to the induction of multiple immunosuppressive factors. It was identified that 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN38) could notably inhibit DNA topoisomerase I, induce DNA damage and boost robust anticancer immunity. However, limited by the low metabolic stability, poor bioavailability, and dose-limiting toxicity, the direct usage of SN38 is inadequate in immune motivation, which limits its clinical application. Hence, new strategies are needed to improve drug delivery efficiency to enhance DNA topoisomerase I inhibition and DNA damage and elicit a vigorous anticancer cancer immunity response. Considering US irradiation can efficiently generate large amounts of ROS under low-intensity irradiation, in this study, we aimed to design a polymeric, ROS-responsive SN38 nanoformulation for in vivo drug delivery. Upon the in-situ generation of ROS by US therapy, controlled on-demand release of SN38 occurred in tumor sites, which enhanced DNA damage, induced DC cell maturation, and boosted anticancer immunity. Our results demonstrated that a new strategy of involving the combination of a SN38 nanoformulation and US therapy could be used for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yunpeng Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guofeng Ji
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jukun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Baodong Gai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Cai X, Xu M, Qian F, Sun J, Jia Y, Hu S, Gai B, Cai H, Guo J. High efficiency stimulated rotational Raman scattering of hydrogen pumped by 1064 nm. Appl Opt 2024; 63:543-548. [PMID: 38227252 DOI: 10.1364/ao.510370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Laser-induced breakdown (LIB) and the competition of other Raman processes are major reasons restricting photon conversion efficiency (PCE) of Raman lasers. In this work, 1064 nm was used as the pump source, and stimulated rotational Raman scattering of hydrogen was investigated. The configuration of zooming out and focusing pump beam was applied, and the dimension of the pump beam at the focus spot increased significantly; consequently, LIB was suppressed, and Raman PCE was improved dramatically. With the help of the Raman gas pressure optimization, vibrational Raman could be fully suppressed, and other competition Raman processes could be well controlled. The optimal PCEs of different rotational Raman lasers could be achieved under different conditions. The maximum PCE of the first rotational Stokes (RS1) was improved to 60.7%, and the maximum energy of RS1 reached 204.5 mJ. With the increment of hydrogen pressure, the maximum PCE of the second rotational Stokes (RS2) was improved to 28.2%, and the maximum energy of RS2 reached 123.9 mJ. Furthermore, a 2.1 µm Raman laser was also generated, the maximum PCE of 2.1 µm reached 44.8%, and its pulse energy reached 106.1 mJ.
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Cai X, Xu M, Jia Y, Liu J, Wang P, Chen Y, Gai B, Tan Y, Cai H, Guo J. Stimulated vibrational-rotational Raman scattering of hydrogen pumped at a 1064-nm laser. Appl Opt 2023; 62:1274-1278. [PMID: 36821227 DOI: 10.1364/ao.478969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A ∼2.1-µm laser is within an atmospheric transmission window and can be used in remote sensing. In this work, a 1064-nm laser was used as the pump source, pressurized hydrogen was used as the Raman active medium, and a dual-wavelength ∼2.1-µm Raman laser was generated. The 2147-nm laser was generated by a combination processes of stimulated vibrational Raman scattering and stimulated rotational Raman scattering, while a 2132-nm laser was generated by stimulated S-branch vibrational Raman scattering. Optimizing experimental conditions yielded a maximum pulse energy of 76.1 mJ, a peak power of ∼9.2M W, and a photon conversion efficiency of 29.8%.
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Gai B, Guo J, Jin Y. Lattice relaxation effects on the collective resonance spectra of a finite dipole array. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:10054-10062. [PMID: 36970935 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00195d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Applying lattice parameter relaxation on a finite photonic crystal can adjust the smoothness of its surface lattice resonance spectral peak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baodong Gai
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Lasers, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Jingwei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Lasers, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Yuqi Jin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Lasers, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
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Gai B, Li Q, Shao P, Yang D. Advantages of interstitial radioactive seed implantation for the treatment of Stage III pancreatic cancer. J Cancer Res Ther 2021; 17:702-706. [PMID: 34269302 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_803_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Objective The objective of the study was to identify the advantages of interstitial radioactive seed implantation for the treatment of Stage III pancreatic cancer. Materials and Methods Clinical data of 160 patients with pancreatic cancer implanted with radioactive seeds were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were grouped according to tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and tumor invasion to important blood vessels, and survival time statistics were obtained. Results The mean postoperative survival time (months) was 24.80 for Stage I, 12.89 for Stage II, 13.51 for Stage III, and 7.49 for Stage IV patients, and the difference between Stage II and Stage III patients was not statistically significant. The efficacy of radioactive seed implantation therapy for pancreatic cancer was strongly associated with tumor size and number of lymph node metastases but not significantly associated with tumor invasion to blood vessels. Conclusions Radioactive seed implantation obviously advantageous for the treatment of Stage III pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baodong Gai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgical, Third Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qingchun Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgical, Third Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Pu Shao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgical, Third Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dongyan Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, Third Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Li Q, Liang Y, Zhao Y, Gai B. Interpretation of adverse reactions and complications in Chinese expert consensus of Iodine-125 brachytherapy for pancreatic cancer. J Cancer Res Ther 2020; 15:751-754. [PMID: 31436227 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_884_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the location of the pancreas and its complex anatomical relationship, it is difficult to perform radioactive Iodine-125 seed implantation in patients with pancreatic cancer as it can cause surgical side effects and further complications. To standardize the procedure of radioactive Iodine-125 seed implantation in the treatment of pancreatic cancer and reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions and complications during and after operation, the Chinese Medical Doctor Association of Radioactive Seed Implantation Technology Expert Committee, Committee of Minimally Invasive Therapy in Oncology, Chinese Anti-Cancer Association, and the Radioactive Seed Therapy Branch organized and helped establish an expert consensus in China regarding radioactive Iodine-125 seed implantation in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. This article aims at interpreting the adverse reactions and complications after the implantation of radioactive seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchun Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgical, Third Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yun Liang
- Department of Physical Examination, Third Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgical, Third Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Baodong Gai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgical, Third Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Zhao C, Tian W, Liu J, Sun Q, Luo J, Yuan H, Gai B, Tang J, Guo J, Jin S. Stable Two-Photon Pumped Amplified Spontaneous Emission from Millimeter-Sized CsPbBr 3 Single Crystals. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:2357-2362. [PMID: 31006244 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Metal-halide perovskites are promising optical gain materials because of their excellent photophysical properties. Recently, large perovskite single crystals with phase purity, less defects, and over millimeter dimensions have been successfully synthesized. However, the optical gain effect from these large-size single crystals has not yet been realized. Herein, we for the first time report efficient two-photon pumped amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) from millimeter-sized CsPbBr3 single crystals (SCs) with a low threshold of 0.65 mJ cm-2 and an optical gain of 38 cm-1. Furthermore, the CsPbBr3 SCs also exhibit ultrastable ASE under continuous laser irradiation for more than 40 h (corresponds to 1.5 × 108 laser shots) at ambient condition. This work suggests the potential application of large-size perovskite single crystals in practical nonlinear optical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and the Dynamic Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Wenming Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and the Dynamic Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian , China
| | - Junxue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and the Dynamic Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian , China
| | - Qi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and the Dynamic Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Jiajun Luo
- Sargent Joint Research Center, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and School of Optical and Electronic Information , Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) , Wuhan , China
| | - Hong Yuan
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Lasers , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian , China
| | - Baodong Gai
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Lasers , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian , China
| | - Jiang Tang
- Sargent Joint Research Center, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and School of Optical and Electronic Information , Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) , Wuhan , China
| | - Jingwei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Lasers , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian , China
| | - Shengye Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and the Dynamic Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian , China
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Li Q, Tian Y, Yang D, Liang Y, Cheng X, Gai B. Permanent Iodine-125 Seed Implantation for the Treatment of Nonresectable Retroperitoneal Malignant Tumors. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2019; 18:1533033819825845. [PMID: 30803402 PMCID: PMC6373988 DOI: 10.1177/1533033819825845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the outcomes of permanent Iodine-125 (125I) radiotherapy for patients with unresectable retroperitoneal malignant tumor. Methods: Twenty-six patients with retroperitoneal malignant tumors were implanted with 125I seeds under ultrasound guidance from June 2012 to June 2015. The patients were then followed up for 3 to 36 months after the implantation. During the follow-up, pain relief, control of tumor growth, over survival rate, and complications were evaluated. Results: Most of the patients (90%, 24/26) suffered from mild to severe pain before 125I seed treatment. After 1-month treatment, 16 patients had 100% pain relief, 4 patients had at least 50% pain relief, and 4 patients had no response, showing 83.3% of pain relief response. Results of computed tomography scan after 2-month 125I treatment indicated that 3 patients had complete remission in the tumor size, 20 patients had partial remission in tumor size, 2 patients were stable, and 1 patient had progressive disease, accounting for 88.4% response in tumor size remission. The median survival of the 26 patients was 11 months. The 1-year and 2-year overall survival rates were 46% and 27%, respectively. The median survival of the 5 patients with pancreatic cancer was 9.4 months. None of the patients had any severe complications. Conclusions: 125I implantation could effectively relieve the pain in the patients with advanced primary or metastatic retroperitoneal malignant tumors and suppress local tumor progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchun Li
- 1 Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- 2 Center of Physical Examination, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Dongyan Yang
- 3 Department of Ultrasonography, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yun Liang
- 2 Center of Physical Examination, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xianbin Cheng
- 1 Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Baodong Gai
- 1 Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Abstract
Pancreatic cancer, also known as exocrine pancreatic carcinoma or pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, is one of the most challenging tumor entities worldwide, which is characterized as a highly aggressive disease with dismal overall prognosis. Treatment options for patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. In many cases, surgical resection is not possible due to the advanced stage at diagnosis and poor responses to current treatments, therefore, treatment alternatives have to be performed. However, brachytherapy through radioactive 125I seeds (RIS) implantation into pancreatic cancer has been first applied in unresectable carcinoma and made accuracy curative effects. Therapeutic procedures of RIS implantation for pancreatic carcinoma were not identical in domestic medical centers, making it hard to achieve homogeneity and affecting the efficacy seriously at last. To maximize the benefits of RIS for patients with pancreatic cancer, Chinese Medical Doctor Association of Radioactive Seed Implantation Technology Expert Committee and Committee of Minimally Invasive Therapy in Oncology, Chinese Anti-Cancer Association, Radioactive Seed Therapy Branch organized and helped establish China expert consensus on RIS implantation for the treatment of pancreatic cancer, to provide a reference for clinical practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baodong Gai
- Department of General Surgical, Third Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fujun Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Minimally Invasive Interventional Center, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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Xia X, Yuan H, Liu J, Gai B, Cai X, Guo J, Jin Y, Sang F. Method to improve the resolution of a non-parallel Fabry-Perot etalon. Appl Opt 2018; 57:8757-8765. [PMID: 30461955 DOI: 10.1364/ao.57.008757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A new method to improve the resolution of a slightly non-parallel solid etalon is proposed. The method is aimed to reduce the spectrum broadening caused by non-parallel surfaces; it contains a theoretical formula for adjusting image distances, and an algorithm for processing the corresponding fringe patterns. Theoretical consideration, computer simulation, experimental results, and application demonstration are given. The fringe patterns captured by a CCD showed good agreement with the computer simulation, and the resolution of a λ/10-wavefront-error etalon was improved from 3.1 GHz to 0.51 GHz. In comparison with other methods, this new method is convenient and economical.
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Yang D, Gai B, Fu P, Li Q, Wang H. Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Implantation of 125 I Seeds in Advanced Pancreatic Carcinoma by Puncturing Gastric Wall. Brachytherapy 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brachy.2018.04.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zhang B, Chen Y, Wang P, Wang Y, Liu J, Hu S, Xia X, Sang Y, Yuan H, Cai X, Liu D, Gai B, Guo J. Direct bleaching of a Cr 4+:YAG saturable absorber in a passively Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. Appl Opt 2018; 57:4595-4600. [PMID: 29877368 DOI: 10.1364/ao.57.004595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the anisotropy of nonlinear absorption in a crystal Q-switch was considered when we established coupled rate equations of a passively Q-switched laser. A [100]-cut Cr4+:YAG crystal, with initial transmission T0=40%, was used as the Q-switch to evaluate the theoretical model, and the results of the simulation were in good accordance with the experiment. In order to control timing jitter of the passively Q-switched laser, an actively Q-switched Nd:YAG laser was applied to directly bleach the [100]-cut Cr4+:YAG crystal. The timing jitter was more than 1 μs without bleaching light. While there was a bleaching light, the time lag between the laser pulse and the bleaching light was less than 100 ns, which meant the timing jitter decreased. The pulse width of the passively Q-switched laser was found to decrease from 45 to 35 ns due to the existing of bleaching light. As the peak power of bleaching light was increased, the laser pulse energy increased from 18.2 to 24.6 mJ, which meant a 35% increment in the pulse energy. The increase in pulse energy can be explained by the increase of α coefficient, and the results of simulation agreed well with the experiment.
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Gai B, Yuan H, Song Y, Liu J, Hu S, Cai X, Wang P, Chen Y, Guo J. Powder sum-frequency generation as a versatile method for infrared optical alignment. Appl Opt 2018; 57:2577-2583. [PMID: 29714243 DOI: 10.1364/ao.57.002577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The sum-frequency generation (SFG) in potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) powder with μm-grade particle size is successfully demonstrated under various experimental conditions. Two focused beams of 870 nm and 1369 nm are used for SFG excitation. SFG is observed under different excitation energies. The SFG intensity shows isotropy with different observation azimuths. The intersection angle between two excitation beams is not limited by conventional phase-matching conditions, and it owns the flexibility of a very large allowed range, e.g., it can be 0°∼100° in this work. The polarization combination of excitation beams is not limited either. Thanks to the non-toxicity, low price, and low SFG threshold properties of KDP material and the optical flexibility, this powder SFG technology is a versatile method and is expected to be applied to various situations of optical alignment, e.g., surface SFG, four-wave mixing, coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy, multi-color laser excitation, etc. The effect of potential powder SFG-assisted optical alignments is also discussed. Extension of this method to multi-beams, tight focusing beams, and plasmonic polariton devices is proposed.
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He S, Guan Y, Liu D, Xia X, Gai B, Hu S, Guo J, Sang F, Jin Y. Energy-Transfer Kinetics Driven by Midinfrared Amplified Spontaneous Emission after Two-Photon Excitation from Xe (s 0) to the Xe (6p[1/2] 0) State. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:3430-3436. [PMID: 28441478 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b01905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In optically pumped laser systems, rare gas lasers (RGLs) are a field of great interest for researchers. Gas laser regimes with metastable Ne, Ar, and Kr atoms have been investigated, while studies of RGLs based on metastable Xe are sparse. In this work, when a strong excitation laser (2.92 mJ/pulse, 7.44 × 105 W/cm2) was applied to excite Xe atoms from the ground state to the 6p[1/2]0 state, an interesting phenomenon emerged: An intense fluorescence of 980 nm (6p[1/2]1-6s[3/2]2) was produced. However, when the energy of excitation laser was decreased to 0.50 mJ/pulse (1.27 × 105 W/cm2), the fluorescence of 980 nm became very weak. Besides, lifetime and decay rate constant of the 6p[1/2]0 state under the condition of E = 2.92 mJ are significantly different from either those measured by other groups or those of E = 0.50 mJ. These phenomena indicate that the high energy of excitation laser should trigger some new kinetic mechanisms. Further works identified that the new kinetic mechanism is the MIR ASE of 3408 nm (6p[1/2]0-6s'[1/2]1). The mechanisms are proposed as follows. Substantial 6p[1/2]0 atoms are produced by laser excitation. Then, the ASE of 3408 nm (6p[1/2]0-6s'[1/2]1) is quickly produced to populate substantial 6s'[1/2]1 atoms. The 6s'[1/2]1 atoms can readily arrive at the 6p[1/2]1 states through collision by virtue of the small energy difference (84 cm-1) and high collision rate constant of the transition from the 6s'[1/2]1 state to the 6p[1/2]1 state. As a result, the intense fluorescence of 980 nm is generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan He
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Lasers, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yafu Guan
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Dong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Lasers, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xusheng Xia
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Lasers, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Baodong Gai
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Lasers, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Lasers, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Jingwei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Lasers, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Fengting Sang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Lasers, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Yuqi Jin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Lasers, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, P. R. China
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Wang S, Yang X, Su M, Liu Q, Gong T, Mao Q, Zhao S, Han F, Mao K, Liu Y, Zhu Y, Li S, Yang J, Fu N, Yu S, Li R, Xiong J, Xie Y, Wang S, Du S, Chen Z, Phillips P, Chen S, Lu Z, Sun P, Dong Z, Zhang Y, Zhuang J, Zheng J, Bai M, Mao N, Mu X, Xu C, Song Y, Song X, Wang B, Xie H, Gan K, Luo D, Mao K, Deng Z, Yang J, Zhu Y, Li S, Fu N, Yu S, Li R, Xie Y, Shi Z, Ma J, Zhao M, Liu Y, Wang Y, Li S, Zhu Y, Yang J, Gao S, Fu N, Yu S, Xie Y, Wang Y, Liu G, Li W, Tu C, Li L, Cai A, Wang L, Bu H, Yan B, Ho J, Chang Y, Manousakas I, Wei C, Sun X, Park J, Kim S, Kang K, Zhang J, Zhao F, Li G, Ren Y, Chen Y, Zhang X, Yu Z, Ni D, Chen S, Li S, Wang T, Lei B, Li YF, Zhang L, Yan C, Yang H, Sun B, Ding Y, Zhang Y, Zhan Y, Gong T, Wu Y, Huang Z, Zhang T, Fang H, Zhang Y, Song Z, Wang M, Li W, Yang C, Shi F, Wang Q, Wu S, Lu W, Li S, Farokhian F, Nie Y, Zhang X, Li Q, Yang D, Liang Y, Sheng S, Cheng X, Gai B, Li B, Hu X, Farokhian F, Yang C, Beheshti I, Demirel H, Wu S, Li W, Nie Y, Yang C, Wang Q, Ren J, Li W, Zhang X, Lai F, Jin M, Liu Y, Ding M, Zhou Y, Gong H, Peng W, Gong T, Liang W, Zhao L, Li K, Yin J, Wang M, Liu W, Gao Z, Tan L, Gan K, Luo D, Duan S, Lin S, Zhong H, Lv S, Lei H, Zhang J, Yang Z, Lei B. The 5th International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology (ICBEB 2016). BMC Med Imaging 2016. [PMCID: PMC5385918 DOI: 10.1186/s12880-016-0164-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Yuan H, Gai B, Liu J, Guo J, Li H, Hu S, Deng L, Jin Y, Sang F. Phase-interfacial stimulated Raman scattering generated in strongly pumped water. Opt Lett 2016; 41:3335-3338. [PMID: 27420529 DOI: 10.1364/ol.41.003335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We have observed unusual blue-shifted radiations in water pumped by a strong 532-nm nanosecond laser. Properties including divergence, polarizations, and pulse shapes of the unusual radiations are measured and compared with those of the regular stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) in water. The unusual radiations are attributed to the parametric anti-Stokes SRS that occurs on the interface of water and ionization plasma (or gas) formed in the laser-induced breakdown of water.
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Gai B, Abuja V, Kumar M. Low dose combined spinal and epidural anaesthesia in a parturient with severe mitral stenosis and severe pulmonary arterial hypertension for Caesarean section. Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/22201173.2009.10872609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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