1
|
Klik B, Holatko J, Jaskulska I, Gusiatin MZ, Hammerschmiedt T, Brtnicky M, Liniauskienė E, Baltazar T, Jaskulski D, Kintl A, Radziemska M. Bentonite as a Functional Material Enhancing Phytostabilization of Post-Industrial Contaminated Soils with Heavy Metals. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:8331. [PMID: 36499826 PMCID: PMC9735557 DOI: 10.3390/ma15238331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Growing awareness of the risks posed by pollution of the soil environment is leading to the development of new remediation strategies. The technique of aided phytostabilization, which involves the evaluation of new heavy-metal (HM)-immobilizing amendments, together with appropriately selected plant species, is a challenge for environmental protection and remediation of the soil environment, and seems to be promising. In this study, the suitability of bentonite for the technique of aided phytostabilization of soils contaminated with high HM concentrations was determined, using a mixture of two grass species. The HM contents in the tested plants and in the soil were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The application of bentonite had a positive effect on the biomass of the tested plants, and resulted in an increase in soil pH. The concentrations of copper, nickel, cadmium, lead and chromium were higher in the roots than in the above-ground parts of the plants, especially when bentonite was applied to the soil. The addition of the analyzed soil additive contributed significantly to a decrease in the levels of zinc, copper, cadmium and nickel in the soil at the end of the experiment. In view of the above, it can be concluded that the use of bentonite in the aided phytostabilization of soils polluted with HMs, is appropriate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Klik
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jiri Holatko
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Iwona Jaskulska
- Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Mariusz Z. Gusiatin
- Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Tereza Hammerschmiedt
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Brtnicky
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ernesta Liniauskienė
- Hydrotechnical Construction Department, Kaunas University of Applied Sciences, Liepu Str. 1, Girionys, LT-53101 Šlienava, Lithuania
| | - Tivadar Baltazar
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dariusz Jaskulski
- Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Antonin Kintl
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Agricultural Research, Ltd., Zahradni 1, 664 41 Troubsko, Czech Republic
| | - Maja Radziemska
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Klik B, Gusiatin ZM, Kulikowska D. Kinetics of Cu, Pb and Zn removal during soil flushing with washing agents derived from sewage sludge. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10067. [PMID: 33980879 PMCID: PMC8115151 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89458-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents the first tests of Cu (7875 mg/kg), Pb (1414 mg/kg) and Zn (566 mg/kg) removal from contaminated soil with sewage-sludge-derived washing agents (SS_WAs) (dissolved organic matter, DOM; soluble humic-like substances, HLS; soluble humic substances, SHS) and Na2EDTA (as a standard benchmark) in column experiments. Flow rates of 0.5 ml/min and 1 ml/min were used. Using a 1. order kinetic model, the kinetic constant (k), the maximum concentrations of each metal removed (Cmax), and the initial rates of metal removal (r) were established. At both flow rates, stable flow velocity was maintained for approximately eight pore volumes, for flushing times of 8 h (1.0 ml/min) and 16 h (0.5 ml/min). Although the flow rate did not influence k, it influenced Cmax: at 1 ml/min, Cmax values were higher than at 0.5 ml/min. For Cu and Zn, but not Pb, k was about twofold higher with Na2EDTA than with SS_WAs. Although Na2EDTA gave the highest kCu, Cmax,Cu was highest with DOM (Na2EDTA, 66%; DOM 73%). For Pb removal, HLS was the most effective SS_WA (77%; Na2EDTA was 80% effective). kZn was about twofold higher with Na2EDTA than with SS_WAs. Cmax,Zn was highest with HLS. The quick mobilization of Cu, Pb and Zn with most of the WAs corresponded to efficient metal removal from the exchangeable (F1) fraction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Klik
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Zygmunt M Gusiatin
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Dorota Kulikowska
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gusiatin ZM, Klik B, Kulikowska D. Tannic acid for remediation of historically arsenic-contaminated soils. Environ Technol 2019; 40:1050-1061. [PMID: 29235921 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1417490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Soil washing effectively and permanently decreases soil pollution. Thus, it can be considered for the removal of the most toxic elements, for example arsenic (As). In this study, historically As-contaminated soils (2041-4294 mg/kg) were remediated with tannic acid (TA) as the washing agent. The scope of this study included optimization of the operational conditions of As removal, determination of As distribution in soil before and after double soil washing, and measurement of TA loss during washing. The optimum conditions for As removal were 4% TA, pH 4 and 24 h washing time. The average As removal after single and double washings was 38% and 63%, respectively. TA decreased As content in amorphous and poorly crystalline oxides by >90%. Although TA increased the amount of As in the easily mobilizable As fraction, the stability of As in washed soils increased, with reduced partition indexes of 0.52-0.66 after washing. The maximum capacity of the soils to adsorb TA (qmax) was 50.2-70.4 g C/kg. TA sorption was higher at alkaline than at acidic conditions. Only TA removes As from soils effectively if the proportion of As in amorphous and poorly crystalline oxides is high. Thus, it can be considered for remediation of historically contaminated soils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zygmunt Mariusz Gusiatin
- a Department of Environmental Biotechnology , University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn , Olsztyn , Poland
| | - Barbara Klik
- a Department of Environmental Biotechnology , University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn , Olsztyn , Poland
| | - Dorota Kulikowska
- a Department of Environmental Biotechnology , University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn , Olsztyn , Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gusiatin ZM, Kulikowska D, Klik B. Suitability of humic substances recovered from sewage sludge to remedy soils from a former As mining area - a novel approach. J Hazard Mater 2017; 338:160-166. [PMID: 28570874 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Batch washing experiments were performed to evaluate the feasibility of using a solution of humic substances (HS) extracted from municipal sewage sludge as a washing agent to remove As from soils at a former As mining area. Soils (S1, S2, S3) differed in organic matter content, pH and As concentration. At pH 4 and a HS concentration of 4000mgTOCL-1, As removal efficiency ranged from 18% (S2) to 27% (S3). In all cases, As removal proceeded according to pseudo-second-order kinetics (equilibrium As concentrations ranged from 625mgkg-1 (S3) to 1250mgkg-1 (S3); rate constants, from 1.02×10-5kgmg-1min-1 (S1) to 2.05×10-5kgmg-1min-1 (S3). The time needed to reach equilibrium was 12h. With double washing, the efficiency of As removal was 1.5-times higher (on average) than with single washing. Double washing increased As stability, as indicated by the reduced partition index, especially in soils S1 and S3. Moreover, HS effectively decreased the content of the most toxic As(III) (by 95-97%).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zygmunt M Gusiatin
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Dorota Kulikowska
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Barbara Klik
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kulikowska D, Gusiatin ZM, Bułkowska K, Klik B. Feasibility of using humic substances from compost to remove heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) from contaminated soil aged for different periods of time. J Hazard Mater 2015; 300:882-891. [PMID: 26462121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
There is a need for inexpensive, readily-available and environmentally-friendly soil washing agents to remediate polluted soils. Thus, batch washing experiments were performed to evaluate the feasibility of using a solution of humic substances (HS) extracted from compost as a washing agent for simultaneous removal of Cu, Cd, Zn, Pb and Ni from artificially contaminated soils aged for 1 month, 12 months and 24 months. The efficiency of metal removal in single and multiple washings and kinetic constants (equilibrium metal concentration qe and rate constant k from the second-order kinetic equation) were determined. On average, triple washing removed twice as much metal as that removed with a single washing. At pH 7 and a HS concentration of 2.2 g C L(-1), metal removal from all soils decreased in this order: Cd (79.1-82.6%) > Cu (51.5-71.8%) > Pb (44.8-47.6%) > Ni (35.4-46.1%) > Zn (27.9-35.8%). However, based on qe (mg kg(-1)), metal removal was in this order: Pb > Zn ≈ Cu > Ni > Cd. This difference was due to different concentrations of metals, which is typical for multi-metal contaminated soils. Regardless of washing mode, removal of Cd and Pb was not affected by soil age, whereas removal of Cu, Ni and Zn was higher in soils that had been aged for a shorter time. These results indicate that HS are suitable for remediating soil contaminated with multiple heavy metals in extremely high concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Kulikowska
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Zygmunt Mariusz Gusiatin
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bułkowska
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Barbara Klik
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| |
Collapse
|