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Lin RJ, Sutton J, Bentley T, Vargas-Inchaustegui DA, Nguyen D, Cheng HY, Yoon H, Van Blarcom TJ, Sasu BJ, Panowski SH, Sommer C. Constitutive Turbodomains enhance expansion and antitumor activity of allogeneic BCMA CAR T cells in preclinical models. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadg8694. [PMID: 37540748 PMCID: PMC10403208 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg8694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
The magnitude of CAR T cell expansion has been associated with clinical efficacy. Although cytokines can augment CAR T cell proliferation, systemically administered cytokines can result in toxicities. To gain the benefits of cytokine signaling while mitigating toxicities, we designed constitutively active synthetic cytokine receptor chimeras (constitutive Turbodomains) that signal in a CAR T cell-specific manner. The modular design of Turbodomains enables diverse cytokine signaling outputs from a single homodimeric receptor chimera and allows multiplexing of different cytokine signals. Turbodomains containing an IL-2/15Rβ-derived signaling domain closely mimicked IL-15 signaling and enhanced CAR T cell potency. Allogeneic TurboCAR T cells targeting BCMA showed no evidence of aberrant proliferation yet displayed enhanced expansion and antitumor activity, prolonging survival and preventing extramedullary relapses in mouse models. These results illustrate the potential of constitutive Turbodomains to achieve selective potentiation of CAR T cells and demonstrate the safety and efficacy of allogeneic BCMA TurboCAR T cells, supporting clinical evaluation in multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina J. Lin
- Allogene Therapeutics Inc., 210 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Janette Sutton
- Allogene Therapeutics Inc., 210 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Trevor Bentley
- Allogene Therapeutics Inc., 210 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - Duy Nguyen
- Allogene Therapeutics Inc., 210 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Hsin-Yuan Cheng
- Allogene Therapeutics Inc., 210 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Hayung Yoon
- Allogene Therapeutics Inc., 210 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - Barbra J. Sasu
- Allogene Therapeutics Inc., 210 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Siler H. Panowski
- Allogene Therapeutics Inc., 210 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Cesar Sommer
- Allogene Therapeutics Inc., 210 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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Sasu BJ, Opiteck GJ, Gopalakrishnan S, Kaimal V, Furmanak T, Huang D, Goswami A, He Y, Chen J, Nguyen A, Balakumaran A, Shah NN, Hamadani M, Bone KM, Prashad S, Bowen MA, Pertel T, Embree HD, Gidwani SG, Chang D, Moore A, Leonard M, Amado RG. Detection of chromosomal alteration after infusion of gene-edited allogeneic CAR T cells. Mol Ther 2023; 31:676-685. [PMID: 36518079 PMCID: PMC10014221 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A chromosome 14 inversion was found in a patient who developed bone marrow aplasia following treatment with allogeneic chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) Tcells containing gene edits made with transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALEN). TALEN editing sites were not involved at either breakpoint. Recombination signal sequences (RSSs) were found suggesting recombination-activating gene (RAG)-mediated activity. The inversion represented a dominant clone detected in the context of decreasing absolute CAR Tcell and overall lymphocyte counts. The inversion was not associated with clinical consequences and wasnot detected in the drug product administered to this patient or in any drug product used in this or other trials using the same manufacturing processes. Neither was the inversion detected in this patient at earlier time points or in any other patient enrolled in this or other trials treated with this or other product lots. This case illustrates that spontaneous, possibly RAG-mediated, recombination events unrelated to gene editing can occur in adoptive cell therapy studies, emphasizes the need for ruling out off-target gene editing sites, and illustrates that other processes, such as spontaneous V(D)J recombination, can lead to chromosomal alterations in infused cells independent of gene editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbra J Sasu
- Allogene Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | | | - Vivek Kaimal
- Allogene Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Tom Furmanak
- Allogene Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - David Huang
- Allogene Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - Ying He
- Allogene Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jiamin Chen
- Allogene Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Anh Nguyen
- Allogene Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - Nirav N Shah
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Mehdi Hamadani
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Kathleen M Bone
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Sacha Prashad
- Allogene Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - Thomas Pertel
- Allogene Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | | | - David Chang
- Allogene Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Alison Moore
- Allogene Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Mark Leonard
- Allogene Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Rafael G Amado
- Allogene Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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Zhang Y, Tacheva-Grigorova SK, Sutton J, Melton Z, Mak YSL, Lay C, Smith BA, Sai T, Van Blarcom T, Sasu BJ, Panowski SH. Allogeneic CAR T Cells Targeting DLL3 Are Efficacious and Safe in Preclinical Models of Small Cell Lung Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:971-985. [PMID: 36692420 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-2293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive disease with limited treatment options. Delta-like ligand 3 (DLL3) is highly expressed on SCLC and several other types of neuroendocrine cancers, with limited normal tissue RNA expression in brain, pituitary, and testis, making it a promising CAR T-cell target for SCLC and other solid tumor indications. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A large panel of anti-DLL3 scFv-based CARs were characterized for both in vitro and in vivo activity. To understand the potential for pituitary and brain toxicity, subcutaneous or intracranial tumors expressing DLL3 were implanted in mice and treated with mouse cross-reactive DLL3 CAR T cells. RESULTS A subset of CARs demonstrated high sensitivity for targets with low DLL3 density and long-term killing potential in vitro. Infusion of DLL3 CAR T cells led to robust antitumor efficacy, including complete responses, in subcutaneous and systemic SCLC in vivo models. CAR T-cell infiltration into intermediate and posterior pituitary was detected, but no tissue damage in brain or pituitary was observed, and the hormone-secretion function of the pituitary was not ablated. CONCLUSIONS In summary, the preclinical efficacy and safety data presented here support further evaluation of DLL3 CAR T cells as potential clinical candidates for the treatment of SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Allogene Therapeutics, South San Francisco, California
| | | | | | - Zea Melton
- Allogene Therapeutics, South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Cecilia Lay
- Allogene Therapeutics, South San Francisco, California
| | - Bryan A Smith
- Allogene Therapeutics, South San Francisco, California
| | - Tao Sai
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Barbra J Sasu
- Allogene Therapeutics, South San Francisco, California
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Lin RJ, Nager AR, Park S, Sutton J, Lay C, Melton Z, Zhang Y, Boldajipour B, Van Blarcom TJ, Panowski SH, Sasu BJ, Chaparro-Riggers J. Design and Validation of Inducible TurboCARsTM with Tunable Induction and Combinatorial Cytokine Signaling. Cancer Immunol Res 2022; 10:1069-1083. [PMID: 35881865 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-21-0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although cytokine support can enhance CAR T-cell function, co-administering cytokines or engineering CAR T cells to secrete cytokines can result in toxicities. To mitigate these safety risks, we engineered iTurboCARTM T cells that coexpress a novel inducible Turbo (iTurbo) cytokine signaling domain. iTurbo domains consist of modular components that are customizable to a variety of activating inputs, as well as cytokine signaling outputs multiplexable for combinatorial signaling outcomes. Unlike most canonical cytokine receptors that are heterodimeric, iTurbo domains leverage a compact, homodimeric design that minimizes viral vector cargo. Using an iTurbo domain activated by the clinically validated dimerizer, AP1903, homodimeric iTurbo domains instigated signaling that mimicked the endogenous heterodimeric cytokine receptor. Different iTurbo domains programmed iTurboCAR T cells towards divergent phenotypes and resulted in improved anti-tumor efficacy. iTurbo domains, therefore, offer the flexibility for user-programmable signaling outputs, permitting control over cellular phenotype and function, while minimizing viral cargo footprint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina J Lin
- Allogene Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | - Spencer Park
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Janette Sutton
- Allogene Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Cecilia Lay
- Allogene Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Zea Melton
- Allogene Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Yi Zhang
- Allogene Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | | | | | - Barbra J Sasu
- Allogene Therapuetics Inc, South San Francisco, CA, United States
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Panowski SH, Srinivasan S, Tan N, Tacheva-Grigorova SK, Smith B, Mak Y, Ning H, Villanueva J, Wijewarnasuriya D, Lang S, Melton Z, Ghosh A, Dusseaux M, Galetto R, Heyen JR, Sai T, Van Blarcom TJ, Chaparro-Riggers J, Sasu BJ. Preclinical Development and Evaluation of Allogeneic CAR T Cells Targeting CD70 for the Treatment of Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Res 2022; 82:2610-2624. [PMID: 35294525 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-2931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
CD70 is highly expressed in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), with limited expression in normal tissue, making it an attractive CAR T target for an immunogenic solid tumor indication. Here we generated and characterized a panel of anti-CD70 scFv-based CAR T cells. Despite the expression of CD70 on T cells, production of CAR T from a subset of scFvs with potent in vitro activity was achieved. Expression of CD70 CARs masked CD70 detection in cis and provide protection from CD70 CAR T-mediated fratricide. Two distinct classes of CAR T cells were identified with differing memory phenotype, activation status, and cytotoxic activity. Epitope mapping revealed that the two classes of CARs bind unique regions of CD70. CD70 CAR T cells displayed robust antitumor activity against RCC cell lines and patient-derived xenograft mouse models. Tissue cross-reactivity studies identified membrane staining in lymphocytes, thus matching the known expression pattern of CD70. In a cynomolgus monkey CD3-CD70 bispecific toxicity study, expected findings related to T cell activation and elimination of CD70-expressing cells were observed, including cytokine release and loss of cellularity in lymphoid tissues. Lastly, highly functional CD70 allogeneic CAR T cells were produced at large scale through elimination of the T cell receptor by TALEN-based gene editing. Taken together, these efficacy and safety data support the evaluation of CD70 CAR T cells for the treatment of RCC and has led to the advancement of an allogeneic CD70 CAR T candidate into phase I clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nguyen Tan
- Allogene Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | - Bryan Smith
- Allogene Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Yvonne Mak
- Allogene Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Hongxiu Ning
- Allogene Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | | | - Shanshan Lang
- Allogene Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Zea Melton
- Allogene Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Adit Ghosh
- Allogene Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | | | | | - Tao Sai
- Pfizer Inc, South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | | | - Barbra J Sasu
- Allogene Therapuetics Inc, South San Francisco, CA, United States
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6
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Sommer C, Cheng HY, Nguyen D, Dettling D, Yeung YA, Sutton J, Hamze M, Valton J, Smith J, Djuretic I, Chaparro-Riggers J, Sasu BJ. Allogeneic FLT3 CAR T Cells with an Off-Switch Exhibit Potent Activity against AML and Can Be Depleted to Expedite Bone Marrow Recovery. Mol Ther 2020; 28:2237-2251. [PMID: 32592688 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have a dismal prognosis and limited treatment options. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have achieved unprecedented clinical responses in patients with B cell leukemias and lymphomas and could prove highly efficacious in AML. However, a significant number of patients with AML may not receive treatment with an autologous product due to manufacturing failures associated with low lymphocyte counts or rapid disease progression while the therapeutic is being produced. We report the preclinical evaluation of an off-the-shelf CAR T cell therapy targeting Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) for the treatment of AML. Single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) targeting various epitopes in the extracellular region of FLT3 were inserted into CAR constructs and tested for their ability to redirect T cell specificity and effector function to FLT3+ AML cells. A lead CAR, exhibiting minimal tonic signaling and robust activity in vitro and in vivo, was selected and then modified to incorporate a rituximab-responsive off-switch in cis. We found that allogeneic FLT3 CAR T cells, generated from healthy-donor T cells, eliminate primary AML blasts but are also active against mouse and human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, indicating risk of myelotoxicity. By employing a surrogate CAR with affinity to murine FLT3, we show that rituximab-mediated depletion of FLT3 CAR T cells after AML eradication enables bone marrow recovery without compromising leukemia remission. These results support clinical investigation of allogeneic FLT3 CAR T cells in AML and other FLT3+ hematologic malignancies.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bone Marrow/immunology
- Bone Marrow/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Humans
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/adverse effects
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/immunology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy
- Mice
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/genetics
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/immunology
- T-Cell Antigen Receptor Specificity
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Treatment Outcome
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3/antagonists & inhibitors
- fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Sommer
- Allogene Therapeutics, Inc., 210 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Hsin-Yuan Cheng
- Allogene Therapeutics, Inc., 210 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Duy Nguyen
- Allogene Therapeutics, Inc., 210 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Danielle Dettling
- Pfizer Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 230 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Yik Andy Yeung
- Pfizer Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 230 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Janette Sutton
- Allogene Therapeutics, Inc., 210 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Moustafa Hamze
- Formerly Cellectis SA, 8 rue de la Croix Jarry, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Julien Valton
- Cellectis, Inc., 430 East 29th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Julianne Smith
- Cellectis, Inc., 430 East 29th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ivana Djuretic
- Pfizer Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 230 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Javier Chaparro-Riggers
- Pfizer Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 230 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Barbra J Sasu
- Allogene Therapeutics, Inc., 210 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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Panowski SH, Kuo TC, Zhang Y, Chen A, Geng T, Aschenbrenner L, Kamperschroer C, Pascua E, Chen W, Delaria K, Farias S, Bateman M, Dushin RG, Chin SM, Van Blarcom TJ, Yeung YA, Lindquist KC, Chunyk AG, Kuang B, Han B, Mirsky M, Pardo I, Buetow B, Martin TG, Wolf JL, Shelton D, Rajpal A, Strop P, Chaparro-Riggers J, Sasu BJ. Preclinical Efficacy and Safety Comparison of CD3 Bispecific and ADC Modalities Targeting BCMA for the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:2008-2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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Sommer C, Boldajipour B, Kuo TC, Bentley T, Sutton J, Chen A, Geng T, Dong H, Galetto R, Valton J, Pertel T, Juillerat A, Gariboldi A, Pascua E, Brown C, Chin SM, Sai T, Ni Y, Duchateau P, Smith J, Rajpal A, Van Blarcom T, Chaparro-Riggers J, Sasu BJ. Preclinical Evaluation of Allogeneic CAR T Cells Targeting BCMA for the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma. Mol Ther 2019; 27:1126-1138. [PMID: 31005597 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical success of autologous CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR Ts) in acute lymphoblastic leukemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma suggests that CAR Ts may be a promising therapy for hematological malignancies, including multiple myeloma. However, autologous CAR T therapies have limitations that may impact clinical use, including lengthy vein-to-vein time and manufacturing constraints. Allogeneic CAR T (AlloCAR T) therapies may overcome these innate limitations of autologous CAR T therapies. Unlike autologous cell therapies, AlloCAR T therapies employ healthy donor T cells that are isolated in a manufacturing facility, engineered to express CARs with specificity for a tumor-associated antigen, and modified using gene-editing technology to limit T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated immune responses. Here, transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) gene editing of B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) CAR Ts was used to confer lymphodepletion resistance and reduced graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) potential. The safety profile of allogeneic BCMA CAR Ts was further enhanced by incorporating a CD20 mimotope-based intra-CAR off switch enabling effective CAR T elimination in the presence of rituximab. Allogeneic BCMA CAR Ts induced sustained antitumor responses in mice supplemented with human cytokines, and, most importantly, maintained their phenotype and potency after scale-up manufacturing. This novel off-the-shelf allogeneic BCMA CAR T product is a promising candidate for clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Sommer
- Allogene Therapeutics, Inc., 210 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Bijan Boldajipour
- Pfizer Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 230 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Tracy C Kuo
- Pfizer Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 230 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Trevor Bentley
- Allogene Therapeutics, Inc., 210 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Janette Sutton
- Allogene Therapeutics, Inc., 210 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Amy Chen
- Pfizer Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 230 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Tao Geng
- Pfizer Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 230 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Holly Dong
- Pfizer Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 230 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Roman Galetto
- Cellectis SA, 8 rue de la Croix Jarry, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Julien Valton
- Cellectis, Inc., 430 East 29th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Thomas Pertel
- Allogene Therapeutics, Inc., 210 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | | | - Edward Pascua
- Pfizer Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 230 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Colleen Brown
- Pfizer Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 230 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Sherman M Chin
- Pfizer Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 230 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Tao Sai
- Pfizer Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 230 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Yajin Ni
- Allogene Therapeutics, Inc., 210 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - Julianne Smith
- Cellectis, Inc., 430 East 29th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Arvind Rajpal
- Pfizer Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 230 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Thomas Van Blarcom
- Allogene Therapeutics, Inc., 210 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Javier Chaparro-Riggers
- Pfizer Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 230 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Barbra J Sasu
- Allogene Therapeutics, Inc., 210 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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McElroy PL, Buck K, Eschenberg M, Sasu BJ, Molineux G. Abstract 4109: Romiplostim promotes platelet recovery in a mouse model of multicycle chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-4109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia (CIT) is a serious complication of some cancer therapies and can necessitate treatment delay or chemotherapy dose reduction. Romiplostim is a thrombopoietin (TPO) receptor agonist approved for the treatment of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). The ability of romiplostim to promote platelet recovery in a mouse model of multicycle chemotherapy/radiation therapy (CRT)-induced thrombocytopenia was examined. A secondary aim was to determine the optimum dose and timing of romiplostim treatment. In humans, an inverse relationship between platelet numbers and endogenous (e) TPO concentrations has been reported. Studies confirmed a similar relationship in both naïve mice and mice with CIT. Platelet numbers and eTPO concentration were measured during three 28-day cycles of CRT in mice. eTPO did not increase during the first five days after each CRT (the ‘eTPO gap’ time period, eTPO concentration of 2.8 ± 0.88 ng/mL), then increased to a peak 10 days after each CRT treatment (6.1 ± 1.5 ng/mL), as platelet numbers decreased. The window of time before eTPO concentration increased was used to design dosing paradigms that would supplement eTPO activity while concentrations were low. Since it was anticipated that patients would be unlikely to receive primary prophylaxis for first cycle CIT, a model was established in which romiplostim treatment was administered during the second or third cycle of CRT. In an attempt to ‘bridge’ the eTPO gap, mice were treated with 10 to 1000 μg/kg of romiplostim given on day 0, 1 or 2 after CRT in either cycle 2, cycle 3 or in both cycles, and platelet numbers were measured throughout that cycle. In some mice the total dose of romiplostim was divided over three days (i.e. one third on each of days 0, 1 and 2). Platelet recovery occurred faster in animals that received romiplostim in most conditions tested, with platelet counts significantly higher for groups that received CRT plus romiplostim compared to CRT alone (as determined by ANOVA with Dunnett's post-hoc test). Romiplostim also provided benefit in terms of decreasing the severity of the platelet nadir. Doses of >100 μg/kg given on day 0 significantly lessened the platelet nadir in both cycle 2 and cycle 3. Fractionating the dose and administering it over 3 days was effective but not superior to a single administration on day 0. In summary, an inverse relationship between platelet numbers and eTPO concentrations was observed during multiple cycles of CRT in mice. This decrease in eTPO created a ‘eTPO gap’ in each CRT cycle, which was effectively bridged by romiplostim treatment. These data may provide a rationale for clinical studies of romiplostim in patients undergoing myelosuppressive chemotherapy.
Citation Format: Patricia L. McElroy, Keri Buck, Michael Eschenberg, Barbra J. Sasu, Graham Molineux. Romiplostim promotes platelet recovery in a mouse model of multicycle chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4109. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4109
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Ross SL, Tran L, Winters A, Lee KJ, Plewa C, Foltz I, King C, Miranda LP, Allen J, Beckman H, Cooke KS, Moody G, Sasu BJ, Nemeth E, Ganz T, Molineux G, Arvedson TL. Molecular mechanism of hepcidin-mediated ferroportin internalization requires ferroportin lysines, not tyrosines or JAK-STAT. Cell Metab 2012; 15:905-17. [PMID: 22682226 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2012.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Revised: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Ferroportin is the primary means of cellular iron efflux and a key component of iron metabolism. Hepcidin regulates Fpn activity by inducing its internalization and degradation. The mechanism of internalization is reported to require JAK2 activation, phosphorylation of Fpn tyrosine residues 302 and 303, and initiation of transcription through STAT3 phosphorylation. These findings suggest Fpn may be a target for therapeutic intervention through JAK2 modulation. To evaluate the proposed mechanism, Fpn internalization was assessed using several techniques combined with reagents that specifically recognized cell-surface Fpn. In vitro results demonstrated that Hepc-induced Fpn internalization did not require JAK2 or phosphorylation of Fpn residues 302 and 303, nor did it induce JAK-STAT signaling. In vivo, inhibition of JAK2 had no effect on Hepc-induced hypoferremia. However, internalization was delayed by mutation of two Fpn lysine residues that may be targets of ubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra L Ross
- Department of Oncology, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
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Jordan JB, Poppe L, Haniu M, Arvedson T, Syed R, Li V, Kohno H, Kim H, Schnier PD, Harvey TS, Miranda LP, Cheetham J, Sasu BJ. Hepcidin revisited, disulfide connectivity, dynamics, and structure. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:24155-67. [PMID: 19553669 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.017764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepcidin is a tightly folded 25-residue peptide hormone containing four disulfide bonds, which has been shown to act as the principal regulator of iron homeostasis in vertebrates. We used multiple techniques to demonstrate a disulfide bonding pattern for hepcidin different from that previously published. All techniques confirmed the following disulfide bond connectivity: Cys(1)-Cys(8), Cys(3)-Cys(6), Cys(2)-Cys(4), and Cys(5)-Cys(7). NMR studies reveal a new model for hepcidin that, at ambient temperatures, interconverts between two different conformations, which could be individually resolved by temperature variation. Using these methods, the solution structure of hepcidin was determined at 325 and 253 K in supercooled water. X-ray analysis of a co-crystal with Fab appeared to stabilize a hepcidin conformation similar to the high temperature NMR structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B Jordan
- Department of Molecular Structure, Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, USA.
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Li H, Rose MJ, Tran L, Zhang J, Miranda LP, James CA, Sasu BJ. Development of a method for the sensitive and quantitative determination of hepcidin in human serum using LC-MS/MS. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2009; 59:171-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2009.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2009] [Accepted: 02/12/2009] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Sasu BJ, Hartley C, Schultz H, McElroy P, Khaja R, Elliott S, Egrie JC, Browne JK, Begley CG, Molineux G. Comparison of epoetin alfa and darbepoetin alfa biological activity under different administration schedules in normal mice. Acta Haematol 2005; 113:163-74. [PMID: 15870486 DOI: 10.1159/000084446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2004] [Accepted: 08/10/2004] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The unit of erythropoietic activity has long been the standard by which erythropoietic agents are judged, but the development of long-acting agents such as darbepoetin alfa has highlighted the shortcomings of this approach. To this point, we compared the in vivo activity of Epoetin alfa and darbepoetin alfa per microgram of protein core. Using the established mass-to-unit conversion for Epoetin alfa (1 microg congruent with 200 U), we then calculated darbepoetin alfa activity in units. Activity varied with treatment regimen (1 microg darbepoetin alfa congruent with 800 U for 3 times weekly dosing to 8,000 U for a single injection). This analysis reveals the inadequacy of evaluating darbepoetin alfa activity in terms of standard erythropoietic units. We therefore propose that for molecules with heightened biological activity, a more legitimate basis for comparison is the protein mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbra J Sasu
- Department of Hematology, Amgen, Thousand Oaks, Calif., USA
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