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Hutin S, Van Laer B, Mueller-Dieckmann C, Leonard G, Nurizzo D, Bowler MW. Fully Autonomous Characterization and Data Collection from Crystals of Biological Macromolecules. J Vis Exp 2019. [PMID: 30958484 DOI: 10.3791/59032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
High-brilliance X-ray beams coupled with automation have led to the use of synchrotron-based macromolecular X-ray crystallography (MX) beamlines for even the most challenging projects in structural biology. However, most facilities still require the presence of a scientist on site to perform the experiments. A new generation of automated beamlines dedicated to the fully automatic characterization of, and data collection from, crystals of biological macromolecules has recently been developed. These beamlines represent a new tool for structural biologists to screen the results of initial crystallization trials and/or the collection of large numbers of diffraction data sets, without users having to control the beamline themselves. Here we show how to set up an experiment for automatic screening and data collection, how an experiment is performed at the beamline, how the resulting data sets are processed, and how, when possible, the crystal structure of the biological macromolecule is solved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Hutin
- Structural Biology Group, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility
| | - Bart Van Laer
- Structural Biology Group, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility
| | | | - Gordon Leonard
- Structural Biology Group, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility
| | - Didier Nurizzo
- Structural Biology Group, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility
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Van Laer B, Kapp U, Soler-Lopez M, Moczulska K, Pääbo S, Leonard G, Mueller-Dieckmann C. Molecular comparison of Neanderthal and Modern Human adenylosuccinate lyase. Sci Rep 2018; 8:18008. [PMID: 30573755 PMCID: PMC6301967 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36195-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The availability of genomic data from extinct homini such as Neanderthals has caused a revolution in palaeontology allowing the identification of modern human-specific protein substitutions. Currently, little is known as to how these substitutions alter the proteins on a molecular level. Here, we investigate adenylosuccinate lyase, a conserved enzyme involved in purine metabolism for which several substitutions in the modern human protein (hADSL) have been described to affect intelligence and behaviour. During evolution, modern humans acquired a specific substitution (Ala429Val) in ADSL distinguishing it from the ancestral variant present in Neanderthals (nADSL). We show here that despite this conservative substitution being solvent exposed and located distant from the active site, there is a difference in thermal stability, but not enzymology or ligand binding between nADSL and hADSL. Substitutions near residue 429 which do not profoundly affect enzymology were previously reported to cause neurological symptoms in humans. This study also reveals that ADSL undergoes conformational changes during catalysis which, together with the crystal structure of a hitherto undetermined product bound conformation, explains the molecular origin of disease for several modern human ADSL mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Van Laer
- Structural Biology Group, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CS 40220, F-38043, Grenoble, France
| | - Ulrike Kapp
- Structural Biology Group, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CS 40220, F-38043, Grenoble, France
| | - Montserrat Soler-Lopez
- Structural Biology Group, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CS 40220, F-38043, Grenoble, France
| | - Kaja Moczulska
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany.,The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Svante Pääbo
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gordon Leonard
- Structural Biology Group, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CS 40220, F-38043, Grenoble, France
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Van Laer B, Kapp U, Soler-Lopez M, Moczulska K, Pääbo S, Leonard G, Mueller-Dieckmann C. Neanderthal adenylosuccinate lyase: insights in catalysis and link with disease-causing mutation. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2018. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273318091817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Van Laer B, Roovers M, Wauters L, Kasprzak JM, Dyzma M, Deyaert E, Kumar Singh R, Feller A, Bujnicki JM, Droogmans L, Versées W. Structural and functional insights into tRNA binding and adenosine N1-methylation by an archaeal Trm10 homologue. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:940-53. [PMID: 26673726 PMCID: PMC4737155 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv1369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purine nucleosides on position 9 of eukaryal and archaeal tRNAs are frequently modified in vivo by the post-transcriptional addition of a methyl group on their N1 atom. The methyltransferase Trm10 is responsible for this modification in both these domains of life. While certain Trm10 orthologues specifically methylate either guanosine or adenosine at position 9 of tRNA, others have a dual specificity. Until now structural information about this enzyme family was only available for the catalytic SPOUT domain of Trm10 proteins that show specificity toward guanosine. Here, we present the first crystal structure of a full length Trm10 orthologue specific for adenosine, revealing next to the catalytic SPOUT domain also N- and C-terminal domains. This structure hence provides crucial insights in the tRNA binding mechanism of this unique monomeric family of SPOUT methyltransferases. Moreover, structural comparison of this adenosine-specific Trm10 orthologue with guanosine-specific Trm10 orthologues suggests that the N1 methylation of adenosine relies on additional catalytic residues.
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MESH Headings
- Adenosine/chemistry
- Adenosine/metabolism
- Archaeal Proteins/chemistry
- Archaeal Proteins/genetics
- Archaeal Proteins/metabolism
- Catalytic Domain
- Crystallography, X-Ray
- Methylation
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Docking Simulation
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- RNA, Transfer/chemistry
- RNA, Transfer/metabolism
- RNA, Transfer, Met/chemistry
- RNA, Transfer, Met/metabolism
- Scattering, Small Angle
- Sulfolobus acidocaldarius/enzymology
- X-Ray Diffraction
- tRNA Methyltransferases/chemistry
- tRNA Methyltransferases/genetics
- tRNA Methyltransferases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Van Laer
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussel, Belgium Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussel, Belgium
| | - Martine Roovers
- Institut de Recherches Microbiologiques Jean-Marie Wiame, Avenue E. Gryson 1, 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Lina Wauters
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussel, Belgium Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussel, Belgium Department of Cell Biochemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, Groningen 9747 AG, Netherlands
| | - Joanna M Kasprzak
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Trojdena 4 St, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Michal Dyzma
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Trojdena 4 St, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Egon Deyaert
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussel, Belgium Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussel, Belgium
| | - Ranjan Kumar Singh
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussel, Belgium Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussel, Belgium
| | - André Feller
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Université libre de Bruxelles, 12 Rue des Professeurs Jeener et Brachet, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Janusz M Bujnicki
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Trojdena 4 St, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Louis Droogmans
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Université libre de Bruxelles, 12 Rue des Professeurs Jeener et Brachet, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Wim Versées
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussel, Belgium Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussel, Belgium
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Somme J, Van Laer B, Roovers M, Steyaert J, Versées W, Droogmans L. Characterization of two homologous 2'-O-methyltransferases showing different specificities for their tRNA substrates. RNA 2014; 20:1257-71. [PMID: 24951554 PMCID: PMC4105751 DOI: 10.1261/rna.044503.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The 2'-O-methylation of the nucleoside at position 32 of tRNA is found in organisms belonging to the three domains of life. Unrelated enzymes catalyzing this modification in Bacteria (TrmJ) and Eukarya (Trm7) have already been identified, but until now, no information is available for the archaeal enzyme. In this work we have identified the methyltransferase of the archaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius responsible for the 2'-O-methylation at position 32. This enzyme is a homolog of the bacterial TrmJ. Remarkably, both enzymes have different specificities for the nature of the nucleoside at position 32. While the four canonical nucleosides are substrates of the Escherichia coli enzyme, the archaeal TrmJ can only methylate the ribose of a cytidine. Moreover, the two enzymes recognize their tRNA substrates in a different way. We have solved the crystal structure of the catalytic domain of both enzymes to gain better understanding of these differences at a molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Somme
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Bart Van Laer
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Martine Roovers
- Institut de Recherches Microbiologiques Jean-Marie Wiame, B-1070 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Jan Steyaert
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Wim Versées
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Louis Droogmans
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
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