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Walk J, Keramati F, de Bree LCJ, Arts RJW, Blok B, Netea MG, Stunnenberg HG, Sauerwein RW. Controlled Human Malaria Infection Induces Long-Term Functional Changes in Monocytes. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:604553. [PMID: 33324683 PMCID: PMC7726436 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.604553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immune memory responses (also termed "trained immunity") have been described in monocytes after BCG vaccination and after stimulation in vitro with microbial and endogenous ligands such as LPS, β-glucan, oxidized LDL, and monosodium urate crystals. However, whether clinical infections are also capable of inducing a trained immunity phenotype remained uncertain. We evaluated whether Plasmodium falciparum infection can induce innate immune memory by measuring monocyte-derived cytokine production from five volunteers undergoing Controlled Human Malaria Infection. Monocyte responses followed a biphasic pattern: during acute infection, monocytes produced lower amounts of inflammatory cytokines upon secondary stimulation, but 36 days after malaria infection they produced significantly more IL-6 and TNF-α in response to various stimuli. Furthermore, transcriptomic and epigenomic data analysis revealed a clear reprogramming of monocytes at both timepoints, with long-term changes of H3K4me3 at the promoter regions of inflammatory genes that remain present for several weeks after parasite clearance. These findings demonstrate an epigenetic basis of trained immunity induced by human malaria in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jona Walk
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Farid Keramati
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - L Charlotte J de Bree
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Research Center for Vitamins and Vaccines, Bandim Health Project, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Odense Patient Data Explorative Network, University of Southern Denmark/Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Rob J W Arts
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Bas Blok
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Research Center for Vitamins and Vaccines, Bandim Health Project, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Odense Patient Data Explorative Network, University of Southern Denmark/Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department for Immunology and Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hendrik G Stunnenberg
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Robert W Sauerwein
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Dominique I, Ruffion A, De Wachter S, Van Kerrebroeck P, Verbe MP, Jairam R, Terrier JE, Blok B, Van Der Aa F, Elneil S. Un système de neuromodulation sacré rechargeable pour le traitement de l’hyperactivité vésicale : résultats intermédiaires d’un essai clinique, prospectif, multicentrique. Prog Urol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2017.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hamers LAC, Kox M, Arts RJW, Blok B, Leentjens J, Netea MG, Pickkers P. Gamma-irradiated bacille calmette-guÉrin vaccination does not modulate the innate immune response during experimental human endotoxemia. Intensive Care Med Exp 2015. [PMCID: PMC4798567 DOI: 10.1186/2197-425x-3-s1-a419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Krhut J, Tintera J, Bilkova K, Holy P, Zachoval R, Zvara P, Blok B. Brain activity on fMRI associated with urinary bladder filling in patients with a complete spinal cord injury. Neurourol Urodyn 2015; 36:155-159. [PMID: 26445209 DOI: 10.1002/nau.22901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with complete spinal cord injury (SCI) may maintain some perception of bladder fullness. The aim of the study was to evaluate brain activation arising from anticipated extraspinal sensory pathways. METHODS Fourteen patients ages 24-54 years were enrolled, all having experienced a complete SCI (ASIA A) at C7 to T5 an average of 17 months before study entry. Urodynamic equipment was used for repeated bladder filling and detrusor activity evaluation. All functional magnetic resonance imaging measurements were performed using a Siemens Trio 3T scanner with the GRE-EPI sequence (field of view = 192 × 192 mm, voxel 3 × 3 × 3 mm, TR/TE = 3000/30 ms, 45 slices). Nine hundred dynamic scans were acquired over 45 min. Statistical analysis was done in SPM8 using a general linear model. Statistics using t-tests were thresholded at P = 0.001. RESULTS We excluded results from two patients because of activation artifacts. In 8 of 12 patients, significant brain activity was observed during urinary bladder filling. We found significant activation clusters at the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) (3/8), parabrachial nucleus (PBN) (4/8), hypothalamus (4/8), thalamus (6/8), amygdala (7/8), insular lobe (5/8), anterior cingulate gyrus (5/8), and prefrontal cortex (8/8). Activations in nuclei involved in afferents likely from the vagal nerve (NTS and PBN) correlated significantly with reported bladder sensations. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that extraspinal sensory pathways may develop following SCI and that vagal nerve may play a role in re-innervation of the urinary bladder. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:155-159, 2017. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Krhut
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, Ostrava, Czech Republic.,Department of Surgical Studies, Ostrava University, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Tintera
- Radiodiagnostis and Interventional Radiology Department, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karolina Bilkova
- Spinal Cord Rehabilitation Unit, Rehabilitation Center, Kladruby, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Holy
- Department of Urology, Thomayer Hospital and 1st and 3rd Faculty of Medicine of Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Zachoval
- Department of Urology, Thomayer Hospital and 1st and 3rd Faculty of Medicine of Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Zvara
- Department of Surgical Studies, Ostrava University, Ostrava, Czech Republic.,Division of Urology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - B Blok
- Department of Urology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Krhut J, Tintera J, Zachoval R, Holy P, Bilkova K, Zvara P, Blok B. Detection of the extraspinal sensory pathways from the urinary bladder in patients with a complete spinal cord injury – FMRI study. J Neurol Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.08.770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Denys P, Dmochowski R, Aliotta P, Castro-Diaz D, Blok B, Ethans K, Joshi M, Ni Q, Kennelly M. 1092 Positive response to first onabotulinumtoxinA treatment persists long-term with repeat treatments in patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-9056(15)61080-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Elzayat E, Campeau L, Karsenty G, Blok B, Padjen A, Corcos J. MP-10.08: Effect of an antiepileptic - Levetiracetam (Keppra™) - on neurogenic overactive bladder in chronic paraplegic rats. Urology 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2007.06.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Hamilton RJ, Perrone J, Hoffman R, Henretig FM, Karkevandian EH, Marcus S, Shih RD, Blok B, Nordenholz K. A descriptive study of an epidemic of poisoning caused by heroin adulterated with scopolamine. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 2001; 38:597-608. [PMID: 11185966 DOI: 10.1081/clt-100102008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adulterants, contaminants, and diluents are all examples of additives to street drugs. Some of these additives may be pharmacologically active; however, it is unusual for them to cause toxic side effects. In the spring of 1995, a new form of heroin appeared in New York City, spreading to other East Coast cities, that was adulterated with scopolamine. It caused severe anticholinergic toxicity in heroin users with patients often presenting to emergency departments in great numbers. This is a report of the demographics and clinical characteristics of the epidemic. METHODS A combination of prospective and retrospective data collection from the New York City, New Jersey, Delaware Valley, and Maryland Poison Centers. The primary measurements were age, sex, route of drug use, vital signs, signs and symptoms, disposition, and treatment. RESULTS Of the 370 cases reported to the participating poison centers, 129 were excluded from the final analysis because of insufficient data. Of the patients who used this product, 55% presented with signs and symptoms of heroin toxicity but then became severely agitated with anticholinergic symptoms when naloxone was used to reverse respiratory depression. Nasal insufflation was the route of administration in 34% of the cases. Seizures were rare (3%). Ninety percent required admission, and half were admitted to a critical care unit. CONCLUSIONS Adulteration of street drugs can lead to toxic epidemics. Poison centers are essential for identification of these trends and are the primary source of information on diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Hamilton
- New York University School of Medicine, New York City Poison Center, New York, USA.
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Blok B, Lublinsky M. Erratum: Parton-hadron duality in QCD sum rules: Quantum-mechanical examples [Phys. Rev. D57, 2676 (1998)]. Int J Clin Exp Med 1998. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.58.019903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Simon MR, Cooper KD, Norris RB, Blok B, King CL. Antigen presenting cell-independent cytokine and spontaneous in vitro IgE production in patients with atopic dermatitis: increased interferon-gamma production and lack of effects of in vivo low-dose interferon-gamma treatment. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1995; 96:84-91. [PMID: 7622767 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-6749(95)70036-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is characterized by elevated serum IgE concentrations and dysregulation of T-lymphocyte function. To examine the pattern of cytokine production associated with elevated IgE levels, phorbol ester plus ionomycin-stimulated production of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) by blood mononuclear cells from 16 patients with atopic dermatitis was compared with that of 18 healthy subjects. Spontaneous in vitro IgE production was also studied longitudinally in patients receiving placebo or daily treatment with 0.05 mg/m2 IFN-gamma. Spontaneous in vitro IgE production and mitogen-driven IL-4 and IFN-gamma synthesis did not differ when patients were receiving interferon treatment compared with no treatment. Furthermore, ionomycin plus phorbol ester-stimulated mononuclear cells from patients with atopic dermatitis produced less IL-4 and more IFN-gamma than did cells from healthy subjects. IL-5 production by cells from patients with atopic dermatitis did not differ from that of cells from healthy subjects. The ratio of IL-4 to IFN-gamma produced in vitro was significantly lower (p = 0.04) in the cells of patients with atopic dermatitis (0.9) as compared with those of healthy subjects (2.7). The findings suggest that when circulating T cells are stimulated under antigen presenting cell-independent conditions, atopic dermatitis is not characterized by the shift in the reciprocal relationship between IL-4 and IFN-gamma production, which has been postulated to explain the pathogenesis of IgE elevation and the therapeutic action of IFN-gamma in patients with atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Simon
- Department of Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Allen Park, USA
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Blok B, Dikeman RD, Shifman M. Calculation of 1/mc3 terms in the total semileptonic width of D mesons. Phys Rev D Part Fields 1995; 51:6167-6176. [PMID: 10018381 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.51.6167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Blok B, Koyrakh L, Shifman M, Vainshtein AI. Erratum: Differential distributions in semileptonic decays of heavy flavors in QCD. Phys Rev D Part Fields 1994; 50:3572. [PMID: 10017998 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.50.3572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Blok B, Koyrakh L, Shifman M, Vainshtein AI. Differential distributions in semileptonic decays of heavy flavors in QCD. Phys Rev D Part Fields 1994; 49:3356-3366. [PMID: 10017330 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.49.3356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Churgay CA, Smith MA, Blok B. Maternal fever during labor--what does it mean? J Am Board Fam Pract 1994; 7:14-24. [PMID: 8135133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have shown maternal fever to be associated with chorioamnionitis and neonatal sepsis if at least two of the following five criteria are also present: maternal tachycardia, purulent or foul-smelling amniotic fluid, fetal tachycardia, uterine tenderness, or maternal leukocytosis. Less is known about the risk of neonatal sepsis when the presence of maternal fever in labor is the only criterion. METHODS A retrospective medical record review searching for women who had a fever greater than 100.4 degrees F while in the active phase of labor during a 1-year period at the University of Michigan was undertaken to investigate the relation between isolated maternal fever in labor and neonatal sepsis. Eighty-two cases of maternal fever were found. RESULTS Forty-six women met the clinical criteria for chorioamnionitis, and 6 of the 7 neonates with sepsis diagnosed were born to these mothers. There were no significant differences found in admission or intrapartum factors between women who did and did not meet clinical criteria for chorioamnionitis, and there was no association between these factors and neonatal sepsis. Epidural anesthesia was administered to 91 percent of these women and might be associated with maternal fever during labor. Using maternal clinical criteria for chorioamnionitis and a neonatal band cell-total neutrophil ratio of 0.2 or greater instead of the current system to determine the need for newborn antibiotic administration would improve the positive predictive value (12.5 percent versus 9.3 percent) and specificity (34.6 percent versus 16 percent) without compromising sensitivity (100 percent). All septic and probably septic newborns would be treated, and neonatal antibiotic administration would be reduced by 17 percent. CONCLUSIONS The addition of the maternal clinical criteria for chorioamnionitis to the criteria already used for diagnosing and treating neonatal sepsis could prove useful in decisions regarding the selective administration of intrapartum antibiotics and prediction of risk of neonatal sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Churgay
- Department of Family Practice, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor 48118
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Blok B, Wen XG. Structure of the microscopic theory of the hierarchical fractional quantum Hall effect. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1991; 43:8337-8349. [PMID: 9996464 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.43.8337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Blok B, Wen XG. Effective theories of the fractional quantum Hall effect: Hierarchy construction. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1990; 42:8145-8156. [PMID: 9994985 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.42.8145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Blok B, Wen XG. Effective theories of the fractional quantum Hall effect at generic filling fractions. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1990; 42:8133-8144. [PMID: 9994984 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.42.8133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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