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Khan I, Al Alwan B, Jery AE, Khan S, Shayan M. Engineering MPC-Assisted Heterojunctional Photo-Oxidation Tailored by Interfacial Design of a P-Modulated C 3N 4 Heterojunction for Improved Aerobic Alcohol Oxidation. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:7019-7033. [PMID: 38557101 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The creation of two-dimensional van der Waals (VDW) heterostructures is a sophisticated approach to enhancing photocatalytic efficiency. However, challenges in electron transfer at the interfaces often arise in these heterostructures due to the varied structures and energy barriers of the components involved. This study presents a novel method for constructing a VDW heterostructure by inserting a phosphate group between copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) and boron-doped, nitrogen-deficient graphitic carbon nitride (BCN), referred to as Cu/PO4-BCN. This phosphate group serves as a charge mediator, enabling effective charge transfer within the heterostructure, thus facilitating electron flow from BCN to CuPc upon activation. As a result, the photogenerated electrons are effectively utilized by the catalytic Cu2+ core in CuPc, achieving a conversion efficiency of 96% for benzyl alcohol (BA) and a selectivity of 98.8% for benzyl aldehyde (BAD) in the presence of oxygen as the sole oxidant and under illumination. Notably, the production rate of BAD is almost 8 times higher than that observed with BCN alone and remains stable over five cycles. The introduction of interfacial mediators to enhance electron transfer represents a pioneering and efficient strategy in the design of photocatalysts, enabling the proficient transformation of BA into valuable derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Khan
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nano-Photoelectric Magnetic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Basem Al Alwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atef El Jery
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61411, Saudi Arabia
- Higher Institute of Applied Biology of Medenine, University of Gabes, Route El Jorf-Km 22 5, Medenine 4119, Tunisia
| | - Salman Khan
- Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, International Joint Research Center and Lab for Catalytic Technology, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry (Heilongjiang University), Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Shayan
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 23200, Pakistan
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Al Alwan B, Alameri AA, Qasim QA, Vaqqosov S, Jawad Kadhim Z, Sivaraman R, Lafta HA, Ramírez-Coronel AA, Alfilh RHC, Mustafa YF. Evaluation of Structural and Thermodynamic Parameters of Dibenzothiophene Desulfurization by Carbon Nano-Filter. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2146729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Basem Al Alwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Sobir Vaqqosov
- Head of the Chemical Technology Department, Jizzakh Polytechnic Institute, Jizzakh, Uzbekistan
| | - Zainab Jawad Kadhim
- Optics Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq
| | - R. Sivaraman
- Department of Mathematics, Dwaraka Doss Goverdhan Doss Vaishnav College, Arumbakkam, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | | | | | - Raed H. C. Alfilh
- Refrigeration & Air-Conditioning Technical Engineering Department, College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
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3
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Khan T, Ullah R, Alwan BA, El-Khatib Y, Zaman G. Correlated stochastic epidemic model for the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 with vaccination. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16105. [PMID: 36168022 PMCID: PMC9514201 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20059-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a mathematical model to describe the influence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus with correlated sources of randomness and with vaccination. The total human population is divided into three groups susceptible, infected, and recovered. Each population group of the model is assumed to be subject to various types of randomness. We develop the correlated stochastic model by considering correlated Brownian motions for the population groups. As the environmental reservoir plays a weighty role in the transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, our model encompasses a fourth stochastic differential equation representing the reservoir. Moreover, the vaccination of susceptible is also considered. Once the correlated stochastic model, the existence and uniqueness of a positive solution are discussed to show the problem’s feasibility. The SARS-CoV-2 extinction, as well as persistency, are also examined, and sufficient conditions resulted from our investigation. The theoretical results are supported through numerical/graphical findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Khan
- Department of Computing, Muscat College, Muscat, Oman
| | - Roman Ullah
- Department of Computing, Muscat College, Muscat, Oman
| | - Basem Al Alwan
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, 61411, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Youssef El-Khatib
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, UAE University, P.O. Box 15551, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Gul Zaman
- Department of Mathematics, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir (Lower), Khyber Pakhtunkhawa, Pakistan
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4
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Li XP, Ullah S, Zahir H, Alshehri A, Riaz MB, Alwan BA. Modeling the dynamics of coronavirus with super-spreader class: A fractal-fractional approach. Results Phys 2022; 34:105179. [PMID: 35070647 PMCID: PMC8760654 DOI: 10.1016/j.rinp.2022.105179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Super-spreaders of the novel coronavirus disease (or COVID-19) are those with greater potential for disease transmission to infect other people. Understanding and isolating the super-spreaders are important for controlling the COVID-19 incidence as well as future infectious disease outbreaks. Many scientific evidences can be found in the literature on reporting and impact of super-spreaders and super-spreading events on the COVID-19 dynamics. This paper deals with the formulation and simulation of a new epidemic model addressing the dynamics of COVID-19 with the presence of super-spreader individuals. In the first step, we formulate the model using classical integer order nonlinear differential system composed of six equations. The individuals responsible for the disease transmission are further categorized into three sub-classes, i.e., the symptomatic, super-spreader and asymptomatic. The model is parameterized using the actual infected cases reported in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia in order to enhance the biological suitability of the study. Moreover, to analyze the impact of memory index, we extend the model to fractional case using the well-known Caputo-Fabrizio derivative. By making use of the Picard-Lindelöf theorem and fixed point approach, we establish the existence and uniqueness criteria for the fractional-order model. Furthermore, we applied the novel fractal-fractional operator in Caputo-Fabrizio sense to obtain a more generalized model. Finally, to simulate the models in both fractional and fractal-fractional cases, efficient iterative schemes are utilized in order to present the impact of the fractional and fractal orders coupled with the key parameters (including transmission rate due to super-spreaders) on the pandemic peaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ping Li
- School of Mathematics and Information Science, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, 423000, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Saif Ullah
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Hina Zahir
- Department of Mathematics, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Alshehri
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Bilal Riaz
- Department of Automation, Biomechanics and Mechatronics, Lodz University of Technology, 1/15 Stefanowskiego St., 90-924 Lodz, Poland
- Department of Mathematics, University of Management and Technology, Lahore 54770, Pakistan
| | - Basem Al Alwan
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, 61411 Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Osman H, Shigidi I, Elkhaleefa A, Ali I, Brima E, Al Alwan B. Ni(II) removal using date seed powder biosorbent: Process parameters classification and RSM modeling. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 2022; 72:76-84. [PMID: 34618661 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2021.1990160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The effects of pH, particle size, adsorbent mass and stirring time on the adsorption efficiency were investigated. The univariate linear regression algorithm was applied on experimental data to rank the most effective parameters on the Ni(II) removal percentage. Response surface method (RSM) was then applied to model and optimize the operating conditions of the removal process. Results revealed that the most effective operation parameters on Ni(II) removal is the solution's pH. It has been concluded that the highest removal of 94.13% is obtained with stirring time of 29.15 min, particle size 137.81 µm, added mass absorbent of 0.346 g and pH of 12.04. Experimental verification showed removal percentage of 93.5% concluding agreement with that obtained by model prediction.Implications: The removal of Ni(II) ions from wastewater utilizing the agricultural waste of date seed powder is dominated by many parameters; solution pH, initial Ni(II) concentration, adsorbent mass, particle size, operational temperature and contact time. This research classifies these parameters to define the ones that significantly impacts the removal process. Modeling of these parameters was then conducted to study the impact of every set on the removal efficiency thus defining the optimum operating conditions. The findings of this study can be used to create optimal operating conditions that are capable of achieving higher removal percentages than are currently available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham Osman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ihab Shigidi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abubakr Elkhaleefa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ismat Ali
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eid Brima
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- School of Allied Health Science, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester, UK
| | - Basem Al Alwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Zhang L, Ullah S, Alwan BA, Alshehri A, Sumelka W. Mathematical assessment of constant and time-dependent control measures on the dynamics of the novel coronavirus: An application of optimal control theory. Results Phys 2021; 31:104971. [PMID: 34786326 PMCID: PMC8588759 DOI: 10.1016/j.rinp.2021.104971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19) is a novel respiratory disease reported in 2019 in China. The COVID-19 is one of the deadliest pandemics in history due to its high mortality rate in a short period. Many approaches have been adopted for disease minimization and eradication. In this paper, we studied the impact of various constant and time-dependent variable control measures coupled with vaccination on the dynamics of COVID-19. The optimal control theory is used to optimize the model and set an effective control intervention for the infection. Initially, we formulate the mathematical epidemic model for the COVID-19 without variable controls. The model basic mathematical assessment is presented. The nonlinear least-square procedure is utilized to parameterize the model from actual cases reported in Pakistan. A well-known technique based on statistical tools known as the Latin-hypercube sampling approach (LHS) coupled with the partial rank correlation coefficient (PRCC) is applied to present the model global sensitivity analysis. Based on global sensitivity analysis, the COVID-19 vaccine model is reformulated to obtain a control problem by introducing three time dependent control variables for isolation, vaccine efficacy and treatment enhancement represented byu 1 ( t ) ,u 2 ( t ) andu 3 ( t ) , respectively. The necessary optimality conditions of the control problem are derived via the optimal control theory. Finally, the simulation results are depicted with and without variable controls using the well-known Runge-Kutta numerical scheme. The simulation results revealed that time-dependent control measures play a vital role in disease eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Mathematics, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, 521041, China
| | - Saif Ullah
- Department of Mathematics, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Basem Al Alwan
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, 61411 Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alshehri
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wojciech Sumelka
- Institute of Structural Analysis, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 5 Street, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
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7
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Al Alwan B, Sari E, Salley SO, Ng KYS. Effect of Metal Ratio and Preparation Method on Nickel–Tungsten Carbide Catalyst for Hydrocracking of Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles Corn Oil. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie500241b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Basem Al Alwan
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Elvan Sari
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Steven O. Salley
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
- National
Biofuels Energy Laboratory, NextEnergy, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - K. Y. Simon Ng
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
- National
Biofuels Energy Laboratory, NextEnergy, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
- Alternative
Energy Technology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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