The Predictive Utility of MammaPrint and BluePrint in Identifying Patients with Locally Advanced Breast Cancer Who are Most Likely to Have Nodal Downstaging and a Pathologic Complete Response After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy

BACKGROUND

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) increases the feasibility of surgical resection by downstaging large primary breast tumors and nodal involvement, which may result in surgical de-escalation and improved outcomes. This subanalysis from the Multi-Institutional Neo-adjuvant Therapy MammaPrint Project I (MINT) trial evaluated the association between MammaPrint and BluePrint with nodal downstaging.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

The prospective MINT trial (NCT01501487) enrolled 387 patients between 2011 and 2016 aged ≥ 18 years with invasive breast cancer (T2-T4). This subanalysis includes 146 patients with stage II-III, lymph node positive, who received NCT. MammaPrint stratifies tumors as having a Low Risk or High Risk of distant metastasis. Together with MammaPrint, BluePrint genomically (g) categorizes tumors as gLuminal A, gLuminal B, gHER2, or gBasal.

RESULTS

Overall, 45.2% (n = 66/146) of patients had complete nodal downstaging, of whom 60.6% (n = 40/66) achieved a pathologic complete response. MammaPrint and combined MammaPrint and BluePrint were significantly associated with nodal downstaging (p = 0.007 and p < 0.001, respectively). A greater proportion of patients with MammaPrint High Risk tumors had nodal downstaging compared with Low Risk (p = 0.007). When classified with MammaPrint and BluePrint, more patients with gLuminal B, gHER2, and gBasal tumors had nodal downstaging compared with HR+HER2-, gLuminal A tumors (p = 0.538, p < 0.001, and p = 0.013, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

Patients with genomically High Risk tumors, defined by MammaPrint with or without BluePrint, respond better to NCT and have a higher likelihood of nodal downstaging compared with patients with gLuminal A tumors. These genomic signatures can be used to select node-positive patients who are more likely to have nodal downstaging and avoid invasive surgical procedures.

Abstract CT260: The FLEX real-world data platform explores new gene expression profiles and investigator initiated protocols in early stage breast cancer

Background: Genomic expression profiling has significantly improved the personalized treatment of breast cancer, by providing prognostic information about the metastatic potential of tumors and enabling the classification of breast cancers into molecular subtypes, beyond clinical and pathological factors. When combined with comprehensive clinical data, full genome expression data can precisely stratify tumors into clinically actionable subgroups. The FLEX Study is aggregating a large, real-world dataset, which will enable the discovery of novel genomic profiles to improve precision in the management of breast cancer, particularly in patient subsets that are underrepresented in traditional clinical trials. Methods: The FLEX Study (NCT03053193) is a multicenter network, prospective, observational trial for patients with stage I-III breast cancer whose primary tumor is analyzed by MammaPrint, with or without BluePrint. The primary objective of FLEX is to create a large scale, population-based registry that links comprehensive clinical data with full genome expression data to elucidate new prognostic and/or predictive gene associations in a real-world setting. The FLEX Study employs a shared study infrastructure to develop and investigate hypotheses for targeted subset analyses and/or clinical trials based on genomic data. The adaptable protocol is designed to be amended to include additional targeted sub-studies, allowing participating investigators to leverage data within the FLEX network to investigate research questions. Patients enrolled in the initial study are eligible for inclusion in sub-studies for which they meet all eligibility criteria and additional consent is not required. Data is collected on patients from diagnosis through 10 years of follow-up and any necessary additional clinical data will be collected as specified in the appendix protocols. The target enrollment of FLEX is a minimum of 10,000 patients; over 6,500 patients have enrolled since April 2017 at more than 85 sites, including eight National Cancer Institute-designated comprehensive cancer centers. The FLEX collaborative platform allows participating investigators the opportunity to author their own sub-study protocols, as approved by the FLEX Scientific Review Committee. Sub-study research categories include: Age and Breast Cancer, Optimizing Therapy Strategies, Breast Cancer and Metabolic Syndrome, ctDNA and Liquid Biopsy, Genomics and Subtypes, Social and Ancestry, and Neoadjuvant Therapy and Surgery. To date, 29 investigator-initiated sub-studies have been approved. Trial contact information: NCT03053193 FLEX@agendia.com

Citation Format: Adam Brufsky, Jennifer A. Crozier, Nina D'Abreo, Mehran Habibi, Sami Diab, Joyce O'Shaughnessy, Douglas K. Marks, VK Gadi, Amy M. Truitt, Lisa Blumencranz, Erin Yoder, William Audeh, Sarah Untch, Bastiaan van der Baan, FLEX Investigators' Group. The FLEX real-world data platform explores new gene expression profiles and investigator initiated protocols in early stage breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr CT260.

Phase II Trial of Neoadjuvant Carboplatin and Nab-Paclitaxel in Patients with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

BACKGROUND

In this phase II clinical trial, we evaluated the efficacy of the nonanthracycline combination of carboplatin and nab-paclitaxel in early stage triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Patients with newly diagnosed stage II-III TNBC (n = 69) were treated with neoadjuvant carboplatin (area under the curve 6) every 28 days for four cycles plus nab-paclitaxel (100 mg/m2 ) weekly for 16 weeks. Pathological complete response (pCR) and residual cancer burden (RCB) were analyzed with germline mutation status, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), TNBC molecular subtype, and GeparSixto immune signature (GSIS).

RESULTS

Sixty-seven patients were evaluable for safety and response. Fifty-three (79%) patients experienced grade 3/4 adverse events, including grade 3 anemia (43%), neutropenia (39%), leukopenia (15%), thrombocytopenia (12%), fatigue (7%), peripheral neuropathy (7%), neutropenia (16%), and leukopenia (1%). Twenty-four patients (35%) had at least one dose delay, and 50 patients (72%) required dose reduction. Sixty-three (94%) patients completed scheduled treatment. The responses were as follows: 32 of 67 patients (48%) had pCR (RCB 0), 10 of 67 (15%) had RCB I, 19 of 67 (28%) had RCB II, 5 of 67 (7%) had RCB III, and 1 of 67 (2%) progressed and had no surgery. Univariate analysis showed that immune-hot GSIS and DNA repair defect (DRD) were associated with higher pCR with odds ratios of 4.62 (p = .005) and 4.76 (p = .03), respectively, and with RCB 0/I versus RCB II/III with odds ratio 4.80 (p = .01). Immune-hot GSIS was highly correlated with DRD status (p = .03), TIL level (p < .001), and TNBC molecular subtype (p < .001). After adjusting for age, race, stage, and grade, GSIS remained associated with higher pCR and RCB class 0/I versus II/III with odds ratios 7.19 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.01-25.68; p = .002) and 8.95 (95% CI, 2.09-38.23; p = .003), respectively.

CONCLUSION

The combination of carboplatin and nab-paclitaxel for early stage high-risk TNBC showed manageable toxicity and encouraging antitumor activity. Immune-hot GSIS is associated with higher pCR rate and RCB class 0/1. This study provides an additional rationale for using nonanthracycline platinum-based therapy for future neoadjuvant trials in early stage TNBCs. Clinical trial identification number: NCT01525966 IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Platinum is an important neoadjuvant chemotherapy agent for treatment of early stage triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). In this study, carboplatin and nab-paclitaxel were well tolerated and highly effective in TNBC, resulting in pathological complete response of 48%. In univariate and multivariate analyses adjusting for age, race, tumor stage and grade, "immune-hot" GeparSixto immune signature (GSIS) and DNA repair defect (DRD) were associated with higher pathological complete response (pCR) and residual cancer burden class 0/1. The association of immune-hot GSIS with higher pCR holds promise for de-escalating neoadjuvant chemotherapy for patients with early stage TNBC. Although GSIS is not routinely used in clinic, further development of this immune signature into a clinically applicable assay is indicated.

Abstract OT-12-01: The FLEX real-world data platform explores new gene expression profiles and investigator-initiated protocols in early stage breast cancer

Background: Genomic expression profiles have implications for the personalized treatment of breast cancer beyond clinical and pathological features by enabling the classification of breast cancers into molecular subtypes and providing prognostic information about the metastatic potential of tumors. However, full genome expression data should be combined with comprehensive clinical information to precisely stratify tumors into clinically actionable subgroups. The FLEX Registry aims to aggregate a large, real-world dataset, which will enable the discovery of novel genomic profiles to improve precision in the management of breast cancer, particularly in underrepresented patient subsets in traditional clinical trials. Trial Design: The FLEX Registry (NCT03053193) is a multi-center, prospective, observational trial for patients with stage I-III breast cancer whose primary tumor is analyzed by MammaPrint, with or without BluePrint.The primary objective of FLEX is to create a large scale, population-based registry that links comprehensive clinical data with full genome expression data to elucidate new prognostic and/or predictive gene associations in a real-world setting. The FLEX Registry employs a shared study infrastructure to develop and investigate hypotheses for targeted subset analyses and/or clinical trials based on full genome expression data. The adaptable protocol is designed to be amended with the inclusion of additional targeted sub-studies. Patients enrolled in the initial study are eligible for inclusion in sub-studies for which they meet all eligibility criteria and additional consent is not required. Data will be collected on patients from diagnosis through10 years of follow-up and any necessary additional clinical data will be collected as specified in the appendix protocols. The target enrollment of FLEX is a minimum of 10,000 patients; over 5,000 patients have enrolled sinceApril 2017 at more than 85 sites, including eight National Cancer Institute-designated comprehensive cancer centers. The FLEX collaborative platform allows participating investigators the opportunity to author their own sub-study protocols, as approved by the FLEX Review Committee. Sub-study research categories include: Age and Breast Cancer, Optimizing Therapy Strategies, Breast Cancer and MetabolicSyndrome, ctDNA and Liquid Biopsy, Genomics and Subtypes, Social and Ancestry, and Neoadjuvant Therapy and Surgery. To date, twenty-five investigator-initiated sub-studies have been approved.Trial contact information: NCT03053193FLEX@agendia.com

Citation Format: Laura Lee, Sami Diab, Julie Barone, Jennifer A Crozier, Margret Chen, Rakshanda L Rahman, Robert Maganini, Douglas Marks, Amy M Truitt, Lisa Blumencranz, Erin Yoder, Sarah Untch, William Audeh, Bastiaan van der Baan, FLEX Investigators Group. The FLEX real-world data platform explores new gene expression profiles and investigator-initiated protocols in early stage breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2020 San Antonio Breast Cancer Virtual Symposium; 2020 Dec 8-11; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(4 Suppl):Abstract nr OT-12-01.

Abstract LB-320: The FLEX real world data platform explores new gene expression profiles and investigator-initiated protocols in early stage breast cancer

Background: Genomic expression profiles have enabled the classification of breast cancers into molecular subtypes and provide prognostic information about the metastatic potential of the tumor, both of which have implications for the personalized treatment of breast cancer beyond clinical and pathological features. However, to precisely stratify tumors into actionable subgroups, full genome expression data should be combined with comprehensive clinical information. The FLEX Registry aims to aggregate a large, real-world dataset, which will enable the discovery of novel genomic profiles, particularly for patient subsets that are poorly represented in traditional clinical trials and will contribute to improved precision in the management of breast cancer. Trial Design: The FLEX Registry (NCT03053193) is a multicenter, prospective, observational trial for patients with Stage I, II, and III breast cancer. Patients with stage I-III breast cancer who receive MammaPrint, with or without BluePrint, on a primary tumor are eligible for enrollment. The primary objective of FLEX is to create a large scale, population-based registry that links complete clinical data with full genome expression data to elucidate new prognostic and/or predictive gene associations in a real-world setting. The FLEX Registry employs a shared study infrastructure to develop and investigate hypotheses for targeted subset analyses and/or clinical trials based on full genome expression data. The adaptable protocol is designed to be amended with the inclusion of targeted sub-studies. Patients enrolled in the initial study are eligible for inclusion in sub-studies for which they meet all eligibility criteria and additional consent is not required. Data will be collected on patients from diagnosis through 10 years of follow-up and any necessary additional clinical data will be collected as specified in the appendix protocols. Target enrollment is a minimum of 10,000 patients; &gt;4,000 patients have enrolled since April 2017 at more than 80 sites, including seven National Cancer Institute-designated comprehensive cancer centers. The FLEX collaborative platform enables participating investigators the opportunity to author their own sub-study protocols, as approved by the FLEX Steering Committee. Fifteen sub-studies have been approved for investigation within the FLEX Registry.

Citation Format: Jennifer Crozier, Adam Brufsky, Ian Grady, Sami Diab, Blanche Mavromatis, Nina D'Abreo, Carrie Dul, Rakhshanda Layeequr Rahman, Sarah Untch, Erin Yoder, Heather M. Kling, Amy M. Truitt, William Audeh, Bastiaan van der Baan, FLEX Investigators Group. The FLEX real world data platform explores new gene expression profiles and investigator-initiated protocols in early stage breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-320.