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Foth M, Kinsey C, Schuman S, Battistone B, Sanchez EC, Kircher D, Welm B, Holmen S, McMahon M. Abstract 1225: Co-inhibition of autophagy and MAPK signaling in RAS-driven cancers. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2020-1225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
RASis mutated in a number of cancers, including KRAS-driven colorectal and pancreatic cancer, HRAS-driven bladder cancer, and NRAS-driven melanoma, all of which result in downstream activation of the RAF>MEK>ERK (MAPK) and PI3K>AKT signaling pathways. Most RAS GTPases cannot be targeted directly, and strategies blocking both MAPK and PI3K signaling simultaneously are limited by high toxicity and compensatory signaling mechanisms. Interestingly, oncogene-activated MAPK or PI3K signaling pathways are reasonably well described orchestrators of metabolic transformation through multiple pathways. Our lab has recently shown that autophagy,a conserved metabolic process of self-digestion that recycles intracellular components, is increased in KRAS-driven pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) upon MAPK pathway inhibition. We further showed that co-inhibition of autophagy and MEK1/2, a MAPK component, leads to tumor regression of patient-derived PDA xenografts in mice. Our proposed combination therapy has recently been translated into a phase I/II clinical trial for PDA patients with advanced disease. Our most recent data show that inhibition of RAS>RAF>MEK>ERK signaling also results in induction of autophagy in other RAS-driven cancers, including KRAS-driven colorectal cancer, HRAS-driven bladder cancer and NRAS-driven melanoma. Furthermore, ourin vivodata demonstrate a robust regression of tumors upon combined inhibition of autophagy and MEK1/2 in engrafted KRAS-driven colorectal cancer cells xenografted in mice. Patient data from two KRAS-driven colorectal cancer patients, who were recently treated off-label, indicated clinical responses to the combination treatment co-targeting autophagy and MEK1/2. Altogether, these data suggest that co-inhibition of autophagy and oncogenic signaling may represent a potential new treatment strategy for multiple RAS-driven cancer types. Future experiments aim for a better mechanistic understanding of the combination treatment co-targeting autophagy and oncogenic signaling, with the objective to propose novel therapeutic strategies for cancer patients with RASmutations.
Citation Format: Mona Foth, Conan Kinsey, Sophia Schuman, Benjamin Battistone, Emilio Cortes Sanchez, David Kircher, Bryan Welm, Sheri Holmen, Martin McMahon. Co-inhibition of autophagy and MAPK signaling in RAS-driven cancers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 1225.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Foth
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Bryan Welm
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT
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Vaishnavi A, Scherzer MT, Kinsey CG, Parkman GL, Truong A, Ghazi P, Schuman S, Battistone B, Garrido-Laguna I, McMahon M. Inhibition of MEK1/2 Forestalls the Onset of Acquired Resistance to Entrectinib in Multiple Models of NTRK1-Driven Cancer. Cell Rep 2020; 32:107994. [PMID: 32755586 PMCID: PMC7478141 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
NTRK1 gene fusions are actionable drivers of numerous human malignancies. Here, we show that expression of the TPR-NTRK1 fusion kinase in immortalized mouse pancreatic ductal epithelial (IMPE) (pancreas) or mouse lung epithelial (MLE-12) cells is sufficient to promote rapidly growing tumors in mice. Both tumor models are exquisitely sensitive to targeted inhibition with entrectinib, a tropomyosin-related kinase A (TRKA) inhibitor. Initial regression of NTRK1-driven tumors is driven by induced expression of BIM, such that BIM silencing leads to a diminished response to entrectinib in vivo. However, the emergence of drug-resistant disease limits the long-term durability of responses. Based on the reactivation of RAF>MEK>ERK signaling observed in entrectinib-treated tumors, we show that the combination of entrectinib plus the MEK1/2 inhibitor cobimetinib dramatically forestalls the onset of drug resistance in vivo. Collectively, these data provide a mechanistic rationale for rapid clinical deployment of combined inhibition of TRKA plus MEK1/2 in NTRK1-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aria Vaishnavi
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Michael T Scherzer
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Conan G Kinsey
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Gennie L Parkman
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Amanda Truong
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Phaedra Ghazi
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Sophia Schuman
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Benjamin Battistone
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Ignacio Garrido-Laguna
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Martin McMahon
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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Foth M, Parkman G, Battistone B, McMahon M. RAC1mutation is not a predictive biomarker for PI3'-kinase-β-selective pathway-targeted therapy. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2020; 33:719-730. [PMID: 32406574 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mutational activation of RAC1 is detected in ~7% of cutaneous melanoma, with the most frequent mutation (RAC1C85T ) encoding for RAC1P29S . RAC1P29S is a fast-cycling GTPase that leads to accumulation of RAC1P29S -GTP, which has potentially pleiotropic regulatory functions in melanoma cell signaling and biology. However, the precise mechanism by which mutationally activated RAC1P29S propagates its pro-tumorigenic effects remains unclear. RAC1-GTP is reported to activate the beta isoform of PI3'-kinase (PIK3CB/PI3Kβ) leading to downstream activation of PI3'-lipid signaling. Hence, we employed both genetic and isoform-selective pharmacological inhibitors to test if RAC1P29S propagates its oncogenic signaling in melanoma through PI3Kβ. We observed that RAC1P29S -expressing melanoma cells were largely insensitive to inhibitors of PI3Kβ. Furthermore, RAC1P29S melanoma cell lines showed variable sensitivity to pan-class 1 (α/β/γ/δ) PI3'-kinase inhibitors, suggesting that RAC1-mutated melanoma cells may not rely on PI3'-lipid signaling for their proliferation. Lastly, we observed that RAC1P29S -expressing cell lines also showed variable sensitivity to pharmacological inhibition of the RAC1 → PAK1 signaling pathway, questioning the relevance of inhibitors of this pathway for the treatment of patients with RAC1-mutated melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Foth
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Gennie Parkman
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | | | - Martin McMahon
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
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