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Wohde M, Bartz JO, Böhm L, Hartwig C, Keil BM, Martin K, Düring RA. Automated thin-film microextraction coupled to a flow-through cell: somewhere in between passive and active sampling. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 409:1975-1984. [PMID: 28012111 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-0145-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A prototype for the automated thin-film microextraction of pharmaceuticals from aqueous solutions has been developed and is presented here for the first time. With a software-controlled setup, extraction methods for ivermectin and iohexol have been developed. The widely used antiparasitic agent ivermectin is non-polar and has a high tendency to sorb to surfaces. In contrast to this, the nonionic but polar iodinated X-ray contrast agent iohexol is freely water soluble. With these two substances, a wide range of polarity is covered. Sorption kinetics and thermodynamics of ivermectin and iohexol were studied. With the presented passive sampling approach, it was possible to extract up to 96.2% ivermectin with a C18-phase within 1 h and up to 74.6% of iohexol with a PS-DVB phase within 36 h out of water. Using abamectin as internal standard, it was possible to quantitatively follow dissipation of ivermectin in a simulated surface water experiment. Predominantly, the newly developed prototype can be used for automated and time-resolved extraction of xenobiotics from waterbodies under field conditions, for the extraction of substances under laboratory conditions as an alternative to the elaborate solid-phase extraction, and for the automated control of chemical reaction kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Wohde
- Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Justus Liebig University Giessen, IFZ, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Jens-Ole Bartz
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Leonard Böhm
- Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Justus Liebig University Giessen, IFZ, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christoph Hartwig
- Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Justus Liebig University Giessen, IFZ, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Martin Keil
- Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Justus Liebig University Giessen, IFZ, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Katharina Martin
- Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Justus Liebig University Giessen, IFZ, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rolf-Alexander Düring
- Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Justus Liebig University Giessen, IFZ, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
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