1
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López-Sánchez U, Munro LJ, Ladefoged LK, Pedersen AJ, Brun CC, Lyngby SM, Baud D, Juillan-Binard C, Pedersen MG, Lummis SCR, Bang-Andersen B, Schiøtt B, Chipot C, Schoehn G, Neyton J, Dehez F, Nury H, Kristensen AS. Structural determinants for activity of the antidepressant vortioxetine at human and rodent 5-HT 3 receptors. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2024:10.1038/s41594-024-01282-x. [PMID: 38698207 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-024-01282-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Vortioxetine (VTX) is a recently approved antidepressant that targets a variety of serotonin receptors. Here, we investigate the drug's molecular mechanism of operation at the serotonin 5-HT3 receptor (5-HT3R), which features two properties: VTX acts differently on rodent and human 5-HT3R, and VTX appears to suppress any subsequent response to agonists. Using a combination of cryo-EM, electrophysiology, voltage-clamp fluorometry and molecular dynamics, we show that VTX stabilizes a resting inhibited state of the mouse 5-HT3R and an agonist-bound-like state of human 5-HT3R, in line with the functional profile of the drug. We report four human 5-HT3R structures and show that the human receptor transmembrane domain is intrinsically fragile. We also explain the lack of recovery after VTX administration via a membrane partition mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uriel López-Sánchez
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IBS, Grenoble, France
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lachlan Jake Munro
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Anders Juel Pedersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Colding Brun
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Signe Meisner Lyngby
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Delphine Baud
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IBS, Grenoble, France
| | | | | | - Sarah C R Lummis
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Birgit Schiøtt
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christophe Chipot
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LPCT, Nancy, France
- Laboratoire International Associé CNRS and University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Guy Schoehn
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IBS, Grenoble, France
| | - Jacques Neyton
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IBS, Grenoble, France
| | - Francois Dehez
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LPCT, Nancy, France
- Laboratoire International Associé CNRS and University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Hugues Nury
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IBS, Grenoble, France.
| | - Anders S Kristensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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2
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Salomon K, Abramyan AM, Plenge P, Wang L, Bundgaard C, Bang-Andersen B, Loland CJ, Shi L. Dynamic extracellular vestibule of human SERT: Unveiling druggable potential with high-affinity allosteric inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2304089120. [PMID: 37792512 PMCID: PMC10576121 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2304089120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The serotonin transporter (SERT) tightly regulates synaptic serotonin levels and has been the primary target of antidepressants. Binding of inhibitors to the allosteric site of human SERT (hSERT) impedes the dissociation of antidepressants bound at the central site and may enhance the efficacy of such antidepressants to potentially reduce their dosage and side effects. Here, we report the identification of a series of high-affinity allosteric inhibitors of hSERT in a unique scaffold, with the lead compound, Lu AF88273 (3-(1-(2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)piperidin-4-yl)-6-chloro-1H-indole), having 2.1 nM allosteric potency in inhibiting imipramine dissociation. In addition, we find that Lu AF88273 also inhibits serotonin transport in a noncompetitive manner. The binding pose of Lu AF88273 in the allosteric site of hSERT is determined with extensive molecular dynamics simulations and rigorous absolute binding free energy perturbation (FEP) calculations, which show that a part of the compound occupies a dynamically formed small cavity. The predicted binding location and pose are validated by site-directed mutagenesis and can explain much of the structure-activity relationship of these inhibitors using the relative binding FEP calculations. Together, our findings provide a promising lead compound and the structural basis for the development of allosteric drugs targeting hSERT. Further, they demonstrate that the divergent allosteric sites of neurotransmitter transporters can be selectively targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Salomon
- Laboratory for Membrane Protein Dynamics, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Ara M. Abramyan
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD21224
- Schrödinger, Inc., San Diego, CA92121
| | - Per Plenge
- Laboratory for Membrane Protein Dynamics, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | | | - Christoffer Bundgaard
- Medicinal Chemistry and Translational DMPK, H. Lundbeck A/S, DK-2500Copenhagen-Valby, Denmark
| | - Benny Bang-Andersen
- Medicinal Chemistry and Translational DMPK, H. Lundbeck A/S, DK-2500Copenhagen-Valby, Denmark
| | - Claus J. Loland
- Laboratory for Membrane Protein Dynamics, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Lei Shi
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD21224
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3
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Stergiou N, Wuensche TE, Schreurs M, Mes I, Verlaan M, Kooijman EJM, Windhorst AD, Helboe L, Vergo S, Christensen S, Asuni AA, Jensen A, Van Dongen GAMS, Bang-Andersen B, Vugts DJ, Beaino W. Application of 89Zr-DFO*-immuno-PET to assess improved target engagement of a bispecific anti-amyloid-ß monoclonal antibody. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:1306-1317. [PMID: 36635462 PMCID: PMC10027647 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06109-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The recent conditional FDA approval of Aducanumab (Adu) for treating Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the continued discussions around that decision have increased interest in immunotherapy for AD and other brain diseases. Reliable techniques for brain imaging of antibodies may guide decision-making in the future but needs further development. In this study, we used 89Zr-immuno-PET to evaluate the targeting and distribution of a bispecific brain-shuttle IgG based on Adu with transferrin receptor protein-1 (TfR1) shuttling mechanism, mAbAdu-scFab8D3, designated Adu-8D3, as a candidate theranostic for AD. We also validated the 89Zr-immuno-PET platform as an enabling technology for developing new antibody-based theranostics for brain disorders. METHODS Adu, Adu-8D3, and the non-binding control construct B12-8D3 were modified with DFO*-NCS and radiolabeled with 89Zr. APP/PS1 mice were injected with 89Zr-labeled mAbs and imaged on days 3 and 7 by positron emission tomography (PET). Ex vivo biodistribution was performed on day 7, and ex vivo autoradiography and immunofluorescence staining were done on brain tissue to validate the PET imaging results and target engagement with amyloid-β plaques. Additionally, [89Zr]Zr-DFO*-Adu-8D3 was evaluated in 3, 7, and 10-month-old APP/PS1 mice to test its potential in early stage disease. RESULTS A 7-fold higher brain uptake was observed for [89Zr]Zr-DFO*-Adu-8D3 compared to [89Zr]Zr-DFO*-Adu and a 2.7-fold higher uptake compared to [89Zr]Zr-DFO*-B12-8D3 on day 7. Autoradiography and immunofluorescence of [89Zr]Zr-DFO*-Adu-8D3 showed co-localization with amyloid plaques, which was not the case with the Adu and B12-8D3 conjugates. [89Zr]Zr-DFO*-Adu-8D3 was able to detect low plaque load in 3-month-old APP/PS1 mice. CONCLUSION 89Zr-DFO*-immuno-PET revealed high and specific uptake of the bispecific Adu-8D3 in the brain and can be used for the early detection of Aβ plaque pathology. Here, we demonstrate that 89Zr-DFO*-immuno-PET can be used to visualize and quantify brain uptake of mAbs and contribute to the evaluation of biological therapeutics for brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Stergiou
- Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T E Wuensche
- Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Schreurs
- Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - I Mes
- Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Verlaan
- Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E J M Kooijman
- Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A D Windhorst
- Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L Helboe
- H. Lundbeck A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Vergo
- H. Lundbeck A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - A A Asuni
- H. Lundbeck A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Jensen
- H. Lundbeck A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - G A M S Van Dongen
- Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - D J Vugts
- Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W Beaino
- Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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4
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Mikkelsen JD, Aripaka SS, Kaad S, Pazarlar BA, Pinborg L, Finsen B, Varrone A, Bang-Andersen B, Bastlund JF. Characterization of the Novel P2X7 Receptor Radioligand [ 3H]JNJ-64413739 in Human Brain Tissue. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 14:111-118. [PMID: 36535632 PMCID: PMC9817075 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Radioligands targeting microglia cells have been developed to identify and determine neuroinflammation in the living brain. One recently discovered ligand is JNJ-64413739 that binds selectively to the purinergic receptor P2X7R. The expression of P2X7R is increased under inflammation; hence, the ligand is considered useful in the detection of neuroinflammation in the brain. [18F]JNJ-64413739 has been evaluated in healthy subjects with positron emission tomography; however, the in vitro binding properties of the ligand in human brain tissue have not been investigated. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to measure Bmax and Kd of [3H]JNJ-64413739 using autoradiography on human cortical tissue sections resected from a total of 48 patients with treatment-resistant epilepsy. Correlations between the specific binding of [3H]JNJ-64413739 with age, sex, and duration of disease were explored. Finally, to examine the relationship between P2X7R and TSPO availability, specific binding of [3H]JNJ-64413739 and [123I]CLINDE was examined in the same tissue. The binding was measured in both cortical gray and subcortical white matter. Saturation revealed a Kd (5 nM) value similar between gray and white matter but a larger Bmax in the white than in the gray matter. The binding was completely displaced by the cold ligand and structurally different P2X7R ligands. The variability in saturable binding among the samples was found to be 38% in gray and white matter but was not correlated to either age, sex, or the duration of the disease. Interestingly, there was no significant correlation between [3H]JNJ-64413739 and [123I]CLINDE binding. These data demonstrate that [3H]JNJ-64413739 is a suitable radioligand for evaluating the distribution and expression of the P2X7R in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens D. Mikkelsen
- Neurobiology
Research Unit, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark,Institute
of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark,Department
of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern
Denmark, Odense 5000, Denmark,. Tel.: +45 3545 6701
| | - Sanjay S. Aripaka
- Neurobiology
Research Unit, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Sif Kaad
- Neurobiology
Research Unit, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Burcu A. Pazarlar
- Neurobiology
Research Unit, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark,Physiology
Department, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir Katip
Celebi University, Izmir 35330, Turkey
| | - Lars Pinborg
- Neurobiology
Research Unit, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark,Epilepsy
Clinic, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen
University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Bente Finsen
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern
Denmark, Odense 5000, Denmark
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5
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Wuensche TE, Stergiou N, Mes I, Verlaan M, Schreurs M, Kooijman EJM, Janssen B, Windhorst AD, Jensen A, Asuni AA, Bang-Andersen B, Beaino W, Dongen GAMS, Vugts DJ. Advancing 89Zr-immuno-PET in neuroscience with a bispecific anti-amyloid-beta monoclonal antibody - The choice of chelator is essential. Theranostics 2022; 12:7067-7079. [PMID: 36276653 PMCID: PMC9576608 DOI: 10.7150/thno.73509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The accelerated approval of the monoclonal antibody (mAb) aducanumab as a treatment option for Alzheimer's Disease and the continued discussions about its efficacy have shown that a better understanding of immunotherapy for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases is needed. 89Zr-immuno-PET could be a suitable tool to open new avenues for the diagnosis of CNS disorders, monitoring disease progression, and assessment of novel therapeutics. Herein, three different 89Zr-labeling strategies and direct radioiodination with 125I of a bispecific anti-amyloid-beta aducanumab derivate, consisting of aducanumab with a C-terminal fused anti-transferrin receptor binding single chain Fab fragment derived from 8D3 (Adu-8D3), were compared ex vivo and in vivo with regard to brain uptake and target engagement in an APP/PS1 Alzheimer's disease mouse model and wild type animals. Methods: Adu-8D3 and a negative control antibody, based on the HIV specific B12 antibody also carrying C-terminal fused 8D3 scFab (B12-8D3), were each conjugated with NCS-DFO, NCS-DFO*, or TFP-N-suc-DFO-Fe-ester, followed by radiolabeling with 89Zr. 125I was used as a substitute for 124I for labeling of both antibodies. 30 µg of radiolabeled mAb, corresponding to approximately 6 MBq 89Zr or 2.5 MBq 125I, were injected per mouse. PET imaging was performed 1, 3 and 7 days post injection (p.i.). All mice were sacrificed on day 7 p.i. and subjected to ex vivo biodistribution and brain autoradiography. Immunostaining on brain tissue was performed after autoradiography for further validation. Results:Ex vivo biodistribution revealed that the brain uptake of [89Zr]Zr-DFO*-NCS-Adu-8D3 (2.19 ±0.12 %ID/g) was as high as for its 125I-analog (2.21 ±0.15 %ID/g). [89Zr]Zr-DFO-NCS-Adu-8D3 and [89Zr]Zr-DFO-N-suc-Adu-8D3 showed significantly lower uptake (< 0.65 %ID/g), being in the same range as for the 89Zr-labeled controls (B12-8D3). Autoradiography of [89Zr]Zr-DFO*-NCS-Adu-8D3 and [125I]I-Adu-8D3 showed an amyloid-beta related granular uptake pattern of radioactivity. In contrast, the [89Zr]Zr-DFO-conjugates and the control antibody groups did not show any amyloid-beta related uptake pattern, indicating that DFO is inferior for 89Zr-immuno-PET imaging of the brain in comparison to DFO* for Adu-8D3. This was confirmed by day 7 PET images showing only amyloid-beta related brain uptake for [89Zr]Zr-DFO*-NCS-Adu-8D3. In wild type animals, such an uptake was not observed. Immunostaining showed a co-localization of all administered Adu-8D3 conjugates with amyloid-beta plaques. Conclusion: We successfully demonstrated that 89Zr-immuno-PET is suitable for imaging and quantifying amyloid-beta specific brain uptake using a bispecific aducanumab brain shuttling antibody, Adu-8D3, but only when using the novel chelator DFO*, and not DFO, for labeling with 89Zr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Wuensche
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, dept Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Natascha Stergiou
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, dept Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iris Mes
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, dept Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mariska Verlaan
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, dept Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maxime Schreurs
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, dept Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther J M Kooijman
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, dept Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Janssen
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, dept Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert D Windhorst
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, dept Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain imaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Allan Jensen
- H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, 2500 Valby, Denmark
| | | | | | - Wissam Beaino
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, dept Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain imaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Guus A M S Dongen
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, dept Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain imaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Danielle J Vugts
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, dept Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain imaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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6
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Helboe L, Rosenqvist N, Volbracht C, Pedersen LØ, Pedersen JT, Christensen S, Egebjerg J, Christoffersen CT, Bang-Andersen B, Beach TG, Serrano GE, Falsig J. Highly Specific and Sensitive Target Binding by the Humanized pS396-Tau Antibody hC10.2 Across a Wide Spectrum of Alzheimer’s Disease and Primary Tauopathy Postmortem Brains. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 88:207-228. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-220125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Deposits of hyperphosphorylated tau fibrils are hallmarks of a broad spectrum of tauopathies, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Objective: To investigate heterogeneity of tau pathology across brain extracts from a broad selection of different tauopathies and examine the binding properties of the humanized pS396-tau antibody hC10.2 and six other anti-tau antibodies. Methods: 76 individual tauopathy tissue samples were analyzed in a battery of assays: immunohistochemistry, ELISA, tau aggregation assay, western blot, [3H]PI-2620 and [3H]MK-6240 tau tracer binding, and aggregated seeding activity in RD_P301S HEK293T Biosensor cells. The efficiency of seven anti-tau antibodies to engage with pathological tau species was directly compared. Results: Our data indicate that a strong correlation existed between the tau tracer binding, amount of tau aggregates, pS396-tau phosphorylation, and seeding activity. The hC10.2 antibody, which has entered clinical development, effectively engaged with its epitope across all individual cases of mid-stage and late AD, and primary tauopathies. hC10.2 was superior compared to other phospho- and total tau antibodies to prevent seeded tau aggregation in the biosensor cells. hC10.2 effectively depleted hyperphosphorylated and aggregated tau species across all tauopathy samples proportionally to the amount of tau aggregates. In AD samples, hC10.2 bound to ghost tangles which represent extracellular pathological tau species. Conclusion: S396 hyperphosphorylation is a feature of the formation of seeding-competent tau across different tauopathies and it is present both in intra- and extracellular pathological tau. hC10.2 represents an excellent candidate for a hyperphosphorylation-selective therapeutic tau antibody for the treatment of AD and primary tauopathies.
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7
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Wuensche T, Stergiou N, Mes I, Verlaan M, Schreurs M, Kooijman E, Janssen B, Windhorst A, Christensen S, Jensen A, Asuni A, Bang-Andersen B, Beaino W, van Dongen G, Vugts D. Development of 89Zr-antibody-PET imaging to evaluate improved brain targeting via transferrin receptor 1: the chelator matters. Nucl Med Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0969-8051(22)00092-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Varrone A, Bundgaard C, Bang-Andersen B. PET as a Translational Tool in Drug Development for Neuroscience Compounds. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2022; 111:774-785. [PMID: 35201613 PMCID: PMC9305164 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In central nervous system drug discovery programs, early development of new chemical entities (NCEs) requires a multidisciplinary strategy and a translational approach to obtain proof of distribution, proof of occupancy, and proof of function in specific brain circuits. Positron emission tomography (PET) provides a way to assess in vivo the brain distribution of NCEs and their binding to the target of interest, provided that radiolabeling of the NCE is possible or that a suitable radioligand is available. PET is therefore a key tool for early phases of drug discovery programs. This review will summarize the main applications of PET in early drug development and discuss the usefulness of PET microdosing studies performed with direct labelling of the NCE and PET occupancy studies. The purpose of this review is also to propose an alignment of the nomenclatures used by drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic scientists and PET imaging scientists to indicate key pharmacokinetic parameters and to provide guidance in the performance and interpretation of PET studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Varrone
- Translational Biomarkers and Imaging, H. Lundbeck A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Benny Bang-Andersen
- Translational Biomarkers and Imaging, H. Lundbeck A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Medicinal Chemistry & Translational DMPK, H. Lundbeck A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
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9
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Stergiou N, Wünsche E, Mes I, Schreurs M, Verlaan M, Kooijman E, Windhorst A, Dongen G, Helboe L, Vergo S, Christensen S, Asuni A, Jensen A, Bang-Andersen B, Vugts D, Beaino W. Corrigendum to “SSP-27: 89Zr-immuno-PET of a novel bispecific amyloid β monoclonal antibody reveals improved and high specific brain uptake” [Nucl Med Biol (2020) Volumes 96–97, Supplement. S30-S31]. Nucl Med Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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10
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Stergiou N, Wünsche T, Mes I, Schreurs M, Verlaan M, Kooijman E, Windhorst A, van Dongen G, Helboe L, Vergo S, Christensen S, Asuni A, Jensen A, Bang-Andersen B, Vugts D, Beaino W. 89Zr-immuno-PET of a novel bispecific amyloid-β monoclonal antibody reveals improved and high specific brain uptake. Nucl Med Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0969-8051(21)00314-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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11
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Gobbi L, Mercier J, Bang-Andersen B, Nicolas JM, Reilly J, Wagner B, Whitehead D, Briard E, Maguire RP, Borroni E, Auberson YP. A Comparative Study of in vitro Assays for Predicting the Nonspecific Binding of PET Imaging Agents in vivo. ChemMedChem 2019; 15:585-592. [PMID: 31797561 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Nonspecific binding (NSB) is a key parameter in optimizing PET imaging tracers. We compared the ability to predict NSB of three available methods: LIMBA, rat fu,brain , and CHI(IAM). Even though NSB is often associated with lipophilicity, we observed that logD does not correlate with any of these assays, clearly indicating that lipophilicity, while influencing NSB, is insufficient to predict it. A cross-comparison of the methods showed that all three correlate and are useful predictors of NSB. The three assays, however, rank the molecules slightly differently, illustrating the challenge of comparing molecules within a narrow chemical space. We also noted that CHI(IAM) values more effectively predict VNS , a measure of in vivo NSB in the human brain. CHI(IAM) measurements might be a closer model of the actual physicochemical interaction between PET tracer candidates and cell membranes, and seems to be the method of choice for the optimization of in vivo NSB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Gobbi
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joël Mercier
- UCB Early Solutions, UCB Biopharma sprl, 1420, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - Benny Bang-Andersen
- Molecular Discovery and Innovation, H. Lundbeck A/S, 9 Ottiliavej, 2500, Valby, Denmark
| | | | - John Reilly
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 2, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Björn Wagner
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - David Whitehead
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 2, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuelle Briard
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 2, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - R Paul Maguire
- UCB Early Solutions, UCB Biopharma sprl, 1420, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - Edilio Borroni
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yves P Auberson
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 2, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
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12
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Yang KC, Stepanov V, Amini N, Martinsson S, Takano A, Bundgaard C, Bang-Andersen B, Sanchez C, Halldin C, Farde L, Finnema SJ. Effect of clinically relevant doses of vortioxetine and citalopram on serotonergic PET markers in the nonhuman primate brain. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:1706-1713. [PMID: 31216565 PMCID: PMC6784989 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0442-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Vortioxetine is a multimodal antidepressant approved for treatment of major depressive disorder. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that the mechanism of action of vortioxetine might be different from selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), including larger serotonin (5-HT) release and direct modulation of several 5-HT receptors. In the current positron emission tomography (PET) study, we evaluated the mechanism of action of vortioxetine by comparing its effect to the SSRI citalopram on the binding of [11C]AZ10419369 to the 5-HT1B receptor in the nonhuman primate brain. Initially, the 5-HT transporter (5-HTT) binding of vortioxetine was determined by [11C]MADAM PET measurements before and after administration of vortioxetine (0.1-3.0 mg/kg) and data were used to confirm clinically relevant dosing in subsequent PET measurements with [11C]AZ10419369. The 5-HT1B receptor binding was significantly decreased after 0.3 mg/kg of citalopram in the dorsal raphe nucleus (5%), as well as after 0.3 mg/kg of vortioxetine in six brain regions (~25%) or 1.0 mg/kg of vortioxetine in all 12 examined regions (~48%). Moreover, there was no effect of 1.0 mg/kg of vortioxetine on the binding of [11C]Cimbi-36 to the 5-HT2A receptor, which has comparable sensitivity to 5-HT release as [11C]AZ10419369 binding. In conclusion, at clinically relevant doses, vortioxetine induced larger reductions in [11C]AZ10419369 binding than citalopram. These observations suggest that vortioxetine binds to the 5-HT1B receptor at clinically relevant doses. Future studies are warranted to evaluate the role of the 5-HT1B receptor in the therapeutic effects of vortioxetine and as a potential target for the development of novel antidepressant drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Chun Yang
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Vladimir Stepanov
- 0000 0004 1937 0626grid.4714.6Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nahid Amini
- 0000 0004 1937 0626grid.4714.6Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Martinsson
- 0000 0004 1937 0626grid.4714.6Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Akihiro Takano
- 0000 0004 1937 0626grid.4714.6Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Christer Halldin
- 0000 0004 1937 0626grid.4714.6Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Farde
- 0000 0004 1937 0626grid.4714.6Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden ,0000 0004 1937 0626grid.4714.6Personalized Health Care and Biomarkers, AstraZeneca PET Science Center at Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sjoerd J. Finnema
- 0000 0004 1937 0626grid.4714.6Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden ,0000000419368710grid.47100.32Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
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13
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Abramyan AM, Plenge P, Weikop P, Gether U, Bang-Andersen B, Shi L, Løland CJ. Mechanistic Characterization of the Allosteric Communications between the Central Binding Site and the Extracellular Vestibule of the Serotonin Transporter. Biophys J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.11.2995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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14
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Ladefoged LK, Munro L, Pedersen AJ, Lummis SCR, Bang-Andersen B, Balle T, Schiøtt B, Kristensen AS. Modeling and Mutational Analysis of the Binding Mode for the Multimodal Antidepressant Drug Vortioxetine to the Human 5-HT3A Receptor. Mol Pharmacol 2018; 94:1421-1434. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.118.113530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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15
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Rannversson H, Andersen J, Bang-Andersen B, Strømgaard K. Mapping the Binding Site for Escitalopram and Paroxetine in the Human Serotonin Transporter Using Genetically Encoded Photo-Cross-Linkers. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:2558-2562. [PMID: 28910072 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In spite of the important role of the human serotonin transporter (hSERT) in depression treatment, the molecular details of how antidepressant drugs bind are still not completely understood, in particular those related to potential high- and low-affinity binding sites in hSERT. Here, we utilize amber codon suppression in hSERT to encode the photo-cross-linking unnatural amino acid p-azido-l-phenylalanine into the suggested high- and low-affinity binding sites. We then employ UV-induced cross-linking with azF to map the binding site of escitalopram and paroxetine, two prototypical selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). We find that the two antidepressant drugs exclusively cross-link to azF incorporated at the high-affinity binding site of hSERT, while cross-linking is not observed at the low-affinity binding site. Combined with previous homology models and recent structural data on hSERT, our results provide important information to understand the molecular details of these clinical relevant binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafsteinn Rannversson
- Center
for Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Jacob Andersen
- Center
for Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | | | - Kristian Strømgaard
- Center
for Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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16
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Topiol S, Bang-Andersen B, Sanchez C, Plenge P, Loland CJ, Juhl K, Larsen K, Bregnedal P, Bøgesø KP. X-ray structure based evaluation of analogs of citalopram: Compounds with increased affinity and selectivity compared with R-citalopram for the allosteric site (S2) on hSERT. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:470-478. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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17
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Neumann KT, Lindhardt AT, Bang-Andersen B, Skrydstrup T. Synthesis and selective2H-,13C-, and15N-labeling of the Tau protein binder THK-523. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2016; 60:30-35. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karoline T. Neumann
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC); Department of Chemistry and the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO); Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
| | - Anders T. Lindhardt
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO); Department of Engineering; Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
| | | | - Troels Skrydstrup
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC); Department of Chemistry and the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO); Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
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18
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Yang KC, Stepanov V, Amini N, Martinsson S, Takano A, Nielsen J, Bundgaard C, Bang-Andersen B, Grimwood S, Halldin C, Farde L, Finnema SJ. Characterization of [ 11C]Lu AE92686 as a PET radioligand for phosphodiesterase 10A in the nonhuman primate brain. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2016; 44:308-320. [PMID: 27817159 PMCID: PMC5215309 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-016-3544-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Purpose [11C]Lu AE92686 is a positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand that has recently been validated for examining phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) in the human striatum. [11C]Lu AE92686 has high affinity for PDE10A (IC50 = 0.39 nM) and may also be suitable for examination of the substantia nigra, a region with low density of PDE10A. Here, we report characterization of regional [11C]Lu AE92686 binding to PDE10A in the nonhuman primate (NHP) brain. Methods A total of 11 PET measurements, seven baseline and four following pretreatment with unlabeled Lu AE92686 or the structurally unrelated PDE10A inhibitor MP-10, were performed in five NHPs using a high resolution research tomograph (HRRT). [11C]Lu AE92686 binding was quantified using a radiometabolite-corrected arterial input function and compartmental and graphical modeling approaches. Results Regional time-activity curves were best described with the two-tissue compartment model (2TCM). However, the distribution volume (VT) values for all regions were obtained by the Logan plot analysis, as reliable cerebellar VT values could not be derived by the 2TCM. For cerebellum, a proposed reference region, VT values increased by ∼30 % with increasing PET measurement duration from 63 to 123 min, while VT values in target regions remained stable. Both pretreatment drugs significantly decreased [11C]Lu AE92686 binding in target regions, while no significant effect on cerebellum was observed. Binding potential (BPND) values, derived with the simplified reference tissue model (SRTM), were 13–17 in putamen and 3–5 in substantia nigra and correlated well to values from the Logan plot analysis. Conclusions The method proposed for quantification of [11C]Lu AE92686 binding in applied studies in NHP is based on 63 min PET data and SRTM with cerebellum as a reference region. The study supports that [11C]Lu AE92686 can be used for PET examinations of PDE10A binding also in substantia nigra. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00259-016-3544-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Chun Yang
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Vladimir Stepanov
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nahid Amini
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Martinsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Akihiro Takano
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jacob Nielsen
- Synaptic Transmission, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark
| | | | | | - Sarah Grimwood
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Christer Halldin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Farde
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Personalized Health Care and Biomarkers, AstraZeneca PET Science Center at Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sjoerd J Finnema
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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19
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Neumann KT, Klimczyk S, Burhardt MN, Bang-Andersen B, Skrydstrup T, Lindhardt AT. Direct trans-Selective Ruthenium-Catalyzed Reduction of Alkynes in Two-Chamber Reactors and Continuous Flow. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b01045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karoline T. Neumann
- Carbon
Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Department of Chemistry, and the
Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav
Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Sebastian Klimczyk
- Carbon
Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Interdisciplinary Nanoscience
Center (iNANO), and Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Finlandsgade
22, 8200 Aarhus
N, Denmark
| | - Mia N. Burhardt
- Carbon
Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Department of Chemistry, and the
Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav
Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Benny Bang-Andersen
- Lundbeck Research Danmark H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, 2500 Valby, Denmark
| | - Troels Skrydstrup
- Carbon
Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Department of Chemistry, and the
Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav
Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Anders T. Lindhardt
- Carbon
Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Interdisciplinary Nanoscience
Center (iNANO), and Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Finlandsgade
22, 8200 Aarhus
N, Denmark
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20
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Varnäs K, Finnema SJ, Stepanov V, Takano A, Tóth M, Svedberg M, Møller Nielsen S, Khanzhin NA, Juhl K, Bang-Andersen B, Halldin C, Farde L. Neurokinin-3 Receptor Binding in Guinea Pig, Monkey, and Human Brain: In Vitro and in Vivo Imaging Using the Novel Radioligand, [18F]Lu AF10628. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 19:pyw023. [PMID: 26993630 PMCID: PMC5006196 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyw023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous autoradiography studies have suggested a marked interspecies variation in the neuroanatomical localization and expression levels of the neurokinin 3 receptor, with high density in the brain of rat, gerbil, and guinea pig, but at the time offered no conclusive evidence for its presence in the human brain. Hitherto available radioligands have displayed low affinity for the human neurokinin 3 receptor relative to the rodent homologue and may thus not be optimal for cross-species analyses of the expression of this protein. METHODS A novel neurokinin 3 receptor radioligand, [(18)F]Lu AF10628 ((S)-N-(cyclobutyl(3-fluorophenyl)methyl)-8-fluoro-2-((3-[(18)F]-fluoropropyl)amino)-3-methyl-1-oxo-1,2-dihydroisoquinoline-4-carboxamide), was synthesized and used for autoradiography studies in cryosections from guinea pig, monkey, and human brain as well as for positron emission tomography studies in guinea pig and monkey. RESULTS The results confirmed previous observations of interspecies variation in the neurokinin 3 receptor brain localization with more extensive distribution in guinea pig than in primate brain. In the human brain, specific binding to the neurokinin 3 receptor was highest in the amygdala and in the hypothalamus and very low in other regions examined. Positron emission tomography imaging showed a pattern consistent with that observed using autoradiography. The radioactivity was, however, found to accumulate in skull bone, which limits the use of this radioligand for in vivo quantification of neurokinin 3 receptor binding. CONCLUSION Species differences in the brain distribution of neurokinin 3 receptors should be considered when using animal models for predicting human neurokinin 3 receptor pharmacology. For positron emission tomography imaging of brain neurokinin 3 receptors, additional work is required to develop a radioligand with more favorable in vivo properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Varnäs
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm, Sweden (Drs Varnäs, Finnema, Stepanov, Takano, Tóth, Svedberg, Halldin, and Farde); Lundbeck Research, H. Lundbeck A/S, 9 Ottiliavej, DK-2500 Copenhagen-Valby, Denmark (Drs Møller Nielsen, Khanzhin, Juhl, and Bang-Andersen); AstraZeneca Translational Science Centre at Karolinska Institutet, PET CoE, Stockholm, Sweden (Dr Farde).Present address: Glycom A/S, Diplomvej 373, 1, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark (N.A.K.).
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21
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Larsen MAB, Plenge P, Andersen J, Eildal JNN, Kristensen AS, Bøgesø KP, Gether U, Strømgaard K, Bang-Andersen B, Loland CJ. Structure-activity relationship studies of citalopram derivatives: examining substituents conferring selectivity for the allosteric site in the 5-HT transporter. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:925-36. [PMID: 26699847 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The 5-HT transporter (SERT) is a target for antidepressant drugs. SERT possesses two binding sites: the orthosteric (S1) binding site, which is the presumed target for current SERT inhibitors, and an allosteric (S2) site for which potential therapeutic effects are unknown. The antidepressant drug citalopram displays high-affinity S1 binding and low-affinity S2 binding. To elucidate a possible therapeutic role of allosteric inhibition of SERT, a drug that specifically targets the allosteric site is required. The purpose of this study was to find a compound having higher selectivity towards the S2 site. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We performed a systematic structure-activity relationship study based on the scaffold of citalopram and the structurally closely related congener, talopram, which shows low-affinity S1 binding in SERT. The role of the four chemical substituents, which distinguish citalopram from talopram in conferring selectivity towards the S1 and S2 site, respectively, was assessed by determining the binding of 14 citalopram/talopram analogous to the S1 and S2 binding sites in SERT using membranes of COS7 cells transiently expressing SERT. KEY RESULTS The structure-activity relationship study revealed that dimethyl citalopram possesses the highest affinity for the allosteric site relative to the S1 site in SERT and has approximately twofold selectivity for the allosteric site relative to the S1 site in SERT. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The compound could be a useful lead for future synthesis of drugs with high affinity and high selectivity towards the allosteric binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Andreas B Larsen
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per Plenge
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob Andersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas N N Eildal
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders S Kristensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus P Bøgesø
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Gether
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristian Strømgaard
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Benny Bang-Andersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Neuroscience Drug Discovery, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark
| | - Claus J Loland
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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22
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Andersen J, Ladefoged LK, Wang D, Kristensen TNB, Bang-Andersen B, Kristensen AS, Schiøtt B, Strømgaard K. Binding of the multimodal antidepressant drug vortioxetine to the human serotonin transporter. ACS Chem Neurosci 2015; 6:1892-900. [PMID: 26389667 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective inhibitors of the human serotonin transporter (hSERT) have been first-line treatment against depression for several decades. Recently, vortioxetine was approved as a new therapeutic option for the treatment of depression. Vortioxetine represents a new class of antidepressant drugs with a multimodal pharmacological profile that in addition to potent inhibition of hSERT include agonistic or antagonistic effects at different serotonin receptors. We used a combination of computational, chemical, and biological methods to decipher the molecular basis for high affinity binding of vortioxetine in hSERT. X-ray crystal structures of the bacterial amino acid transporter LeuT and the Drosophila melanogaster dopamine transporter were used to build homology models of hSERT. Comparative modeling and ligand docking suggest that vortioxetine can adopt several distinct binding modes within the central binding site of hSERT. To distinguish between the identified binding modes, we determined the effect of 57 functional hSERT point mutants on vortioxetine potency and characterized seven structurally related analogs of vortioxetine in a subset of the point mutants. This allowed us to determine the orientation of vortioxetine within the central binding site and showed that only one of the proposed binding modes is functionally relevant. The findings provide important new insight about the molecular basis for high affinity recognition of vortioxetine in hSERT, which is essential for future structure-based drug discovery of novel multimodal drugs with fine-tuned selectivity across different transporter and receptor proteins in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Andersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lucy Kate Ladefoged
- Center for Insoluble Protein Structures (inSPIN) and Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade
140, DK-8000 Aarhus
C, Denmark
| | - Danyang Wang
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Trine N. Bjerre Kristensen
- Center for Insoluble Protein Structures (inSPIN) and Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade
140, DK-8000 Aarhus
C, Denmark
| | - Benny Bang-Andersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Lundbeck Research Denmark, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, DK-2500 Valby, Denmark
| | - Anders S. Kristensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgit Schiøtt
- Center for Insoluble Protein Structures (inSPIN) and Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade
140, DK-8000 Aarhus
C, Denmark
| | - Kristian Strømgaard
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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23
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Finnema SJ, Halldin C, Bang-Andersen B, Bundgaard C, Farde L. Serotonin transporter occupancy by escitalopram and citalopram in the non-human primate brain: a [(11)C]MADAM PET study. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015; 232:4159-67. [PMID: 25980484 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-3961-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE A number of serotonin receptor positron emission tomography (PET) radioligands have been shown to be sensitive to changes in extracellular serotonin concentration, in a generalization of the well-known dopamine competition model. High doses of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) decrease serotonin receptor availability in monkey brain, consistent with increased serotonin concentrations. However, two recent studies on healthy human subjects, using a single, lower and clinically relevant SSRI dose, showed increased cortical serotonin receptor radioligand binding, suggesting potential decreases in serotonin concentration in projection regions when initiating treatment. OBJECTIVES The cross-species differential SSRI effect may be partly explained by serotonin transporter (SERT) occupancy in monkey brain being higher than is clinically relevant. We here determine SERT occupancy after single doses of escitalopram or citalopram by conducting PET measurements with [(11)C]MADAM in monkeys. Relationships between dose, plasma concentration and SERT occupancy were estimated by one-site binding analyses. Binding affinity was expressed as dose (ID50) or plasma concentration (K i) where 50 % SERT occupancy was achieved. RESULTS Estimated ID50 and K i values were 0.020 mg/kg and 9.6 nmol/L for escitalopram and 0.059 mg/kg and 9.7 nmol/L for citalopram, respectively. Obtained K i values are comparable to values reported in humans. CONCLUSIONS Escitalopram or citalopram doses nearly saturated SERT in previous monkey studies which examined serotonin sensitivity of receptor radioligands. PET-measured cross-species differential effects of SSRI on cortical serotonin concentration may thus be related to SSRI dose. Future monkey studies using SSRI doses inducing clinically relevant SERT occupancy may further illuminate the delayed onset of SSRI therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjoerd J Finnema
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Building R5:02, SE-17176, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Christer Halldin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Building R5:02, SE-17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Lars Farde
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Building R5:02, SE-17176, Stockholm, Sweden.,AstraZeneca, Translational Science Center at Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Andersen J, Ringsted KB, Bang-Andersen B, Strømgaard K, Kristensen AS. Binding site residues control inhibitor selectivity in the human norepinephrine transporter but not in the human dopamine transporter. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15650. [PMID: 26503701 PMCID: PMC4621520 DOI: 10.1038/srep15650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The transporters for norepinephrine and dopamine (NET and DAT, respectively) constitute the molecular targets for recreational drugs and therapeutics used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Despite a strikingly similar amino acid sequence and predicted topology between these transporters, some inhibitors display a high degree of selectivity between NET and DAT. Here, a systematic mutational analysis of non-conserved residues within the extracellular entry pathway and the high affinity binding site in NET and DAT was performed to examine their role for selective inhibitor recognition. Changing the six diverging residues in the central binding site of NET to the complementary residues in DAT transferred a DAT-like pharmacology to NET, showing that non-conserved binding site residues in NET are critical determinants for inhibitor selectivity. In contrast, changing the equivalent residues in the central site of DAT to the corresponding residues in NET had modest effects on the same inhibitors, suggesting that non-conserved binding site residues in DAT play a minor role for selective inhibitor recognition. Our data points towards distinct structural determinants governing inhibitor selectivity in NET and DAT, and provide important new insight into the molecular basis for NET/DAT selectivity of therapeutic and recreational drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Andersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer B Ringsted
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Benny Bang-Andersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Lundbeck Research Denmark, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, DK-2500 Valby, Denmark
| | - Kristian Strømgaard
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders S Kristensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Neumann KT, Laursen SR, Lindhardt AT, Bang-Andersen B, Skrydstrup T. Correction to Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylative Sonogashira Coupling of Aryl Bromides Using Near Stoichiometric Carbon Monoxide. Org Lett 2015; 17:2566. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b01250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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Dale E, Bang-Andersen B, Sánchez C. Emerging mechanisms and treatments for depression beyond SSRIs and SNRIs. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 95:81-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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27
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Neumann KT, Lindhardt AT, Bang-Andersen B, Skrydstrup T. Access to 2-(Het)aryl and 2-Styryl Benzoxazoles via Palladium-Catalyzed Aminocarbonylation of Aryl and Vinyl Bromides. Org Lett 2015; 17:2094-7. [PMID: 25879769 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A sequential one-pot procedure for the synthesis of either 2-(hetero)aryl or 2-styryl benzoxazoles is reported, starting from aryl and vinyl bromides, respectively, involving an initial aminocarbonylation with 2-aminophenols as nucleophiles followed by an acid mediated ring closure to generate the heterocycle. The methodology displays a broad substrate scope in moderate to excellent yields and can be exploited for (13)C-isotope labeling. Finally, this carbonylative protocol was applied to the synthesis of a potential Alzheimer's plaque binder and a selective PPAR antagonist including site-specific labeling with (13)C-carbon monoxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoline T Neumann
- †Center for Insoluble Protein Structures (inSPIN), Department of Chemistry and the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Anders T Lindhardt
- ‡Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Biological and Chemical Engineering and Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Finlandsgade 22, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Benny Bang-Andersen
- §Lundbeck Research Denmark, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, 2500 Valby, Denmark
| | - Troels Skrydstrup
- †Center for Insoluble Protein Structures (inSPIN), Department of Chemistry and the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Mikkelsen GK, Langgård M, Schrøder TJ, Kreilgaard M, Jørgensen EB, Brandt G, Griffon Y, Boffey R, Bang-Andersen B. Synthesis and SAR studies of analogues of 4-(3,3-dimethyl-butyrylamino)-3,5-difluoro-N-thiazol-2-yl-benzamide (Lu AA41063) as adenosine A2A receptor ligands with improved aqueous solubility. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:1212-6. [PMID: 25701253 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
An adenosine A2A receptor antagonist may be useful for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Synthesis and structure-activity studies starting from 4-(3,3-dimethylbutyrylamino)-3,5-difluoro-N-thiazol-2-yl-benzamide (Lu AA41063, 4) led to a novel series of human (h) A2A receptor antagonists with improved aqueous solubility. Compound 22 was identified as a key representative from the series, displaying submicromolar hA2A receptor affinity and excellent aqueous solubility. Compound 22 also displayed good in vitro pharmacokinetic properties and is considered a good starting point for further lead optimisation toward hA2A receptor antagonists with improved druggability properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitte Kobberøe Mikkelsen
- Department of Discovery Chemistry & DMPK, H. Lundbeck A/S, 9 Ottiliavej, DK-2500 Valby, Denmark.
| | - Morten Langgård
- Department of Discovery Chemistry & DMPK, H. Lundbeck A/S, 9 Ottiliavej, DK-2500 Valby, Denmark
| | - Tenna Juul Schrøder
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, H. Lundbeck A/S, 9 Ottiliavej, DK-2500 Valby, Denmark
| | - Mads Kreilgaard
- Department of Discovery Chemistry & DMPK, H. Lundbeck A/S, 9 Ottiliavej, DK-2500 Valby, Denmark
| | - Erling B Jørgensen
- Biologics & Pharmaceutical Science Department, H. Lundbeck A/S, 9 Ottiliavej, DK-2500 Valby, Denmark
| | - Guillaume Brandt
- Argenta Discovery Ltd, 8-9 The Spire Green Centre, Harlow CM19 5TR, UK
| | - Yann Griffon
- Argenta Discovery Ltd, 8-9 The Spire Green Centre, Harlow CM19 5TR, UK
| | - Ray Boffey
- Argenta Discovery Ltd, 8-9 The Spire Green Centre, Harlow CM19 5TR, UK
| | - Benny Bang-Andersen
- Department of Discovery Chemistry & DMPK, H. Lundbeck A/S, 9 Ottiliavej, DK-2500 Valby, Denmark
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Finnema SJ, Scheinin M, Shahid M, Lehto J, Borroni E, Bang-Andersen B, Sallinen J, Wong E, Farde L, Halldin C, Grimwood S. Application of cross-species PET imaging to assess neurotransmitter release in brain. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015; 232:4129-57. [PMID: 25921033 PMCID: PMC4600473 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-3938-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE This review attempts to summarize the current status in relation to the use of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in the assessment of synaptic concentrations of endogenous mediators in the living brain. OBJECTIVES Although PET radioligands are now available for more than 40 CNS targets, at the initiation of the Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) "Novel Methods leading to New Medications in Depression and Schizophrenia" (NEWMEDS) in 2009, PET radioligands sensitive to an endogenous neurotransmitter were only validated for dopamine. NEWMEDS work-package 5, "Cross-species and neurochemical imaging (PET) methods for drug discovery", commenced with a focus on developing methods enabling assessment of changes in extracellular concentrations of serotonin and noradrenaline in the brain. RESULTS Sharing the workload across institutions, we utilized in vitro techniques with cells and tissues, in vivo receptor binding and microdialysis techniques in rodents, and in vivo PET imaging in non-human primates and humans. Here, we discuss these efforts and review other recently published reports on the use of radioligands to assess changes in endogenous levels of dopamine, serotonin, noradrenaline, γ-aminobutyric acid, glutamate, acetylcholine, and opioid peptides. The emphasis is on assessment of the availability of appropriate translational tools (PET radioligands, pharmacological challenge agents) and on studies in non-human primates and human subjects, as well as current challenges and future directions. CONCLUSIONS PET imaging directed at investigating changes in endogenous neurochemicals, including the work done in NEWMEDS, have highlighted an opportunity to further extend the capability and application of this technology in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjoerd J. Finnema
- />Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mika Scheinin
- />Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland , />Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mohammed Shahid
- />Research and Development, Orion Corporation, Orion Pharma, Turku, Finland
| | - Jussi Lehto
- />Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Edilio Borroni
- />Neuroscience Department, Hoffman-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Jukka Sallinen
- />Research and Development, Orion Corporation, Orion Pharma, Turku, Finland
| | - Erik Wong
- />Neuroscience Innovative Medicine Unit, AstraZeneca, Wilmington, DE USA
| | - Lars Farde
- />Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden , />Translational Science Center at Karolinska Institutet, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christer Halldin
- />Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sarah Grimwood
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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Kehler J, Kilburn JP, Estrada S, Christensen SR, Wall A, Thibblin A, Lubberink M, Bundgaard C, Brennum LT, Steiniger-Brach B, Christoffersen CT, Timmermann S, Kreilgaard M, Antoni G, Bang-Andersen B, Nielsen J. Discovery and development of 11C-Lu AE92686 as a radioligand for PET imaging of phosphodiesterase10A in the brain. J Nucl Med 2014; 55:1513-8. [PMID: 24994928 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.114.140178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) plays a key role in the regulation of brain striatal signaling, and several pharmaceutical companies currently investigate PDE10A inhibitors in clinical trials for various central nervous system diseases. A PDE10A PET ligand may provide evidence that a clinical drug candidate reaches and binds to the target. Here we describe the successful discovery and initial validation of the novel radiolabeled PDE10A ligand 5,8-dimethyl-2-[2-((1-(11)C-methyl)-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-ethyl]-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridine ((11)C-Lu AE92686) and its tritiated analog (3)H-Lu AE92686. METHODS Initial in vitro experiments suggested Lu AE92686 as a promising radioligand, and the corresponding tritiated and (11)C-labeled compounds were synthesized. (3)H-Lu AE92686 was evaluated as a ligand for in vivo occupancy studies in mice and rats, and (11)C-Lu AE92686 was evaluated as a PET tracer candidate in cynomolgus monkeys and in humans. RESULTS (11)C-Lu AE92686 displayed high specificity and selectivity for PDE10A-expressing regions in the brain of cynomolgus monkeys and humans. Similar results were found in rodents using (3)H-Lu AE92686. The binding of (11)C-Lu AE92686 and (3)H-Lu AE92686 to striatum was completely and dose-dependently blocked by the structurally different PDE10A inhibitor 2-[4-(1-methyl-4-pyridin-4-yl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-phenoxymethyl]-quinoline (MP-10) in rodents and in monkeys. In all species, specific binding of the radioligand was seen in the striatum but not in the cerebellum, supporting the use of the cerebellum as a reference region. The binding potentials (BPND) of (11)C-Lu AE92686 in the striatum of both cynomolgus monkeys and humans were evaluated by the simplified reference tissue model with the cerebellum as the reference tissue, and BPND was found to be high and reproducible-that is, BPNDs were 6.5 ± 0.3 (n = 3) and 7.5 ± 1.0 (n = 12) in monkeys and humans, respectively. CONCLUSION Rodent, monkey, and human tests of labeled Lu AE92686 suggest that (11)C-Lu AE92686 has great potential as a human PET tracer for the PDE10A enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kehler
- Division of Discovery Chemistry and DMPK, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark
| | - John Paul Kilburn
- Division of Discovery Chemistry and DMPK, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark
| | - Sergio Estrada
- Preclinical PET Platform, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Anders Wall
- Nuclear Medicine and PET, Uppsala University and Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alf Thibblin
- Preclinical PET Platform, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mark Lubberink
- Nuclear Medicine and PET, Uppsala University and Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | - Stine Timmermann
- Department of Quantitative Pharmacology, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark; and
| | - Mads Kreilgaard
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gunnar Antoni
- Preclinical PET Platform, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Benny Bang-Andersen
- Division of Discovery Chemistry and DMPK, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob Nielsen
- Division of Synaptic Transmission, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark
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Neumann KT, Laursen SR, Lindhardt AT, Bang-Andersen B, Skrydstrup T. Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylative Sonogashira Coupling of Aryl Bromides Using Near Stoichiometric Carbon Monoxide. Org Lett 2014; 16:2216-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol5007289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karoline T. Neumann
- Center for Insoluble
Protein Structures (inSPIN), Department of Chemistry and the Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Simon R. Laursen
- Center for Insoluble
Protein Structures (inSPIN), Department of Chemistry and the Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Anders T. Lindhardt
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Finlandsgade 22, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Benny Bang-Andersen
- Lundbeck Research Denmark, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej
9, 2500 Valby, Denmark
| | - Troels Skrydstrup
- Center for Insoluble
Protein Structures (inSPIN), Department of Chemistry and the Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Airaksinen AJ, Finnema SJ, Balle T, Varnäs K, Bang-Andersen B, Gulyás B, Farde L, Halldin C. Radiosynthesis and evaluation of new α1-adrenoceptor antagonists as PET radioligands for brain imaging. Nucl Med Biol 2013; 40:747-54. [PMID: 23810488 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Evaluation of the α1-adrenoceptors in relation to brain pathophysiology and drug treatment has been hindered by lack of α1-adrenoceptor specific radioligands with sufficient brain exposure. Our aim was to develop an α1-adrenoceptor specific PET radioligand for brain imaging. METHODS Two sertindole analogues 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-3-(1-[(11)C]methylpiperidin-4-yl)-1H-indole [(11)C]3 and 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-(1-[(11)C]methylpiperidin-4-yl)-5-(pyrimidin-5-yl)-1H-indole ([(11)C]Lu AA27122) [(11)C]4 were synthesized and evaluated as α1-adrenoceptor PET radioligands in cynomolgus monkey. Compounds 3 and 4 were selected due to their promising in vitro preclinical profile; high affinity and selectivity for the α1-adrenoceptor, favourable blood brain barrier permeability rates in Caco-2 monolayers and promising brain tissue/plasma ratio, assessed by equilibrium dialysis of free fraction in plasma and brain homogenate. RESULTS Compounds [(11)C]3 and [(11)C]4 were synthesized from their desmethyl piperidine precursors with high specific radioactivity (>370 GBq/μmol) using [(11)C]methyl iodide. The 1,2,4-triazole analogue [(11)C]3 exhibited poor brain uptake, but the corresponding pyrimidyl analogue [(11)C]4 exhibited high brain exposure and binding in α1-adrenoceptor rich brain regions. However, the binding could not be inhibited by pretreatment with prazosin (0.1 mg/kg and 0.3 mg/kg). The results were extended by autoradiography of [(11)C]4 binding in human brain sections and competition with antagonists from different structural families, revealing that only a minor portion of the observed binding of [(11)C]4 in brain was α1-adrenoceptor specific. CONCLUSION Though [(11)C]3 and [(11)C]4 proved not suitable as PET radioligands, the study provided further understanding of structural features influencing brain exposure of the chemical class of compounds related to the antipsychotic drug sertindole. It provided valuable insight in the delicacy of blood brain barrier penetration for structurally related compounds and underlines the importance for improved protocols for evaluation of brain penetration of future PET ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu J Airaksinen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Psychiatry Section, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Hospital, S-17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Finnema S, Bang-Andersen B, Jørgensen M, Christoffersen C, Gulyás B, Wikström H, Farde L, Halldin C. The dopamine D1receptor agonist (S)-[11C]N-methyl-NNC 01-0259 is not sensitive to changes in dopamine concentration-a positron emission tomography examination in the monkey brain. Synapse 2013; 67:586-95. [DOI: 10.1002/syn.21664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S.J. Finnema
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience; Karolinska Institutet, Center for Psychiatric Research; Stockholm; Sweden
| | - B. Bang-Andersen
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Denmark; H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby; Denmark
| | - M. Jørgensen
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Denmark; H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby; Denmark
| | | | - B. Gulyás
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience; Karolinska Institutet, Center for Psychiatric Research; Stockholm; Sweden
| | | | | | - C. Halldin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience; Karolinska Institutet, Center for Psychiatric Research; Stockholm; Sweden
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Risgaard R, Ettrup A, Balle T, Dyssegaard A, Hansen HD, Lehel S, Madsen J, Pedersen H, Püschl A, Badolo L, Bang-Andersen B, Knudsen GM, Kristensen JL. Radiolabelling and PET brain imaging of the α1-adrenoceptor antagonist Lu AE43936. Nucl Med Biol 2013; 40:135-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2012.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Revised: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Jørgensen M, Jørgensen PN, Christoffersen CT, Jensen KG, Balle T, Bang-Andersen B. Discovery of novel α₁-adrenoceptor ligands based on the antipsychotic sertindole suitable for labeling as PET ligands. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 21:196-204. [PMID: 23218776 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and in vitro preclinical profile of a series of 5-heteroaryl substituted analogs of the antipsychotic drug sertindole are presented. Compounds 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)-5-(pyrimidin-5-yl)-1H-indole (Lu AA27122, 3i) and 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-3-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)-1H-indole (3l) were identified as high affinity α(1A)-adrenoceptor ligands with K(i) values of 0.52 and 0.16 nM, respectively, and with a >100-fold selectivity versus dopamine D(2) receptors. Compound 3i showed almost equal affinity for α(1B)- (K(i)=1.9 nM) and α(1D)-adrenoceptors (K(i)=2.5 nM) as for α(1A), as well as moderate affinity for 5-HT(1B) (K(i)=13 nM) and 5-HT(6) (K(i)=16 nM) receptors, whereas 3l showed >40-fold selectivity toward all other targets tested. Based on in vitro assays for assessment of permeability rates and extent, it is predicted that both compounds enter the brain of rats, non-human primates, as well as humans, and as such are good candidates to be carried forward for further evaluation as positron emission tomography (PET) ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Jørgensen
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Denmark, H. Lundbeck A/S, 9 Ottiliavej, DK-2500 Copenhagen-Valby, Denmark
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Sams AG, Larsen K, Mikkelsen GK, Hentzer M, Christoffersen CT, Jensen KG, Frederiksen K, Bang-Andersen B. Hit-to-lead investigation of a series of novel combined dopamine D2 and muscarinic M1 receptor ligands with putative antipsychotic and pro-cognitive potential. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:5134-40. [PMID: 22677319 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Revised: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We describe the discovery of a series of compounds based on 1-{3-[4-(2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-benzoimidazol-1-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-propyl}-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one (3), showing combined D(2) receptor affinity and M(1) receptor agonism. Based on a strategy of controlling logP, we herein describe a hit-to-lead investigation with the aim of retaining the combined D(2)/M(1) profile, while removing the propensity of the compounds to inhibit the hERG channel, as well as at obtaining acceptable pharmacokinetic properties. Although a SAR was evident for all four parameters in question, it was not possible to separate hERG channel inhibition and D(2) receptor affinity by this effort; whilst it was feasible to obtain compounds with M(1) receptor agonism, acceptable clearance, and weak hERG inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anette Graven Sams
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Denmark, H. Lundbeck A/S, Copenhagen-Valby, Denmark.
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Hvenegaard MG, Bang-Andersen B, Pedersen H, Jørgensen M, Püschl A, Dalgaard L. Identification of the Cytochrome P450 and Other Enzymes Involved in the In Vitro Oxidative Metabolism of a Novel Antidepressant, Lu AA21004. Drug Metab Dispos 2012; 40:1357-65. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.112.044610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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Witten L, Bang-Andersen B, Nielsen SM, Miller S, Christoffersen CT, Stensbøl TB, Brennum LT, Arnt J. Characterization of [3H]Lu AE60157 ([3H]8-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-3-phenylsulfonylquinoline) binding to 5-hydroxytryptamine6 (5-HT6) receptors in vivo. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 676:6-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2011] [Revised: 11/06/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Mørk A, Pehrson A, Brennum LT, Nielsen SM, Zhong H, Lassen AB, Miller S, Westrich L, Boyle NJ, Sánchez C, Fischer CW, Liebenberg N, Wegener G, Bundgaard C, Hogg S, Bang-Andersen B, Stensbøl TB. Pharmacological effects of Lu AA21004: a novel multimodal compound for the treatment of major depressive disorder. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2011; 340:666-75. [PMID: 22171087 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.111.189068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
1-[2-(2,4-Dimethylphenyl-sulfanyl)-phenyl]-piperazine (Lu AA21004) is a human (h) serotonin (5-HT)(3A) receptor antagonist (K(i) = 3.7 nM), h5-HT(7) receptor antagonist (K(i) = 19 nM), h5-HT(1B) receptor partial agonist (K(i) = 33 nM), h5-HT(1A) receptor agonist (K(i) = 15 nM), and a human 5-HT transporter (SERT) inhibitor (K(i) = 1.6 nM) (J Med Chem 54:3206-3221, 2011). Here, we confirm that Lu AA21004 is a partial h5-HT(1B) receptor agonist [EC(50) = 460 nM, intrinsic activity = 22%] using a whole-cell cAMP-based assay and demonstrate that Lu AA21004 is a rat (r) 5-HT(7) receptor antagonist (K(i) = 200 nM and IC(50) = 2080 nM). In vivo, Lu AA21004 occupies the r5-HT(1B) receptor and rSERT (ED(50) = 3.2 and 0.4 mg/kg, respectively) after subcutaneous administration and is a 5-HT(3) receptor antagonist in the Bezold-Jarisch reflex assay (ED(50) = 0.11 mg/kg s.c.). In rat microdialysis experiments, Lu AA21004 (2.5-10.0 mg/kg s.c.) increased extracellular 5-HT, dopamine, and noradrenaline in the medial prefrontal cortex and ventral hippocampus. Lu AA21004 (5 mg/kg per day for 3 days; minipump subcutaneously), corresponding to 41% rSERT occupancy, significantly increased extracellular 5-HT in the ventral hippocampus. Furthermore, the 5-HT(3) receptor antagonist, ondansetron, potentiated the increase in extracellular levels of 5-HT induced by citalopram. Lu AA21004 has antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like effects in the rat forced swim (Flinders Sensitive Line) and social interaction and conditioned fear tests (minimal effective doses: 7.8, 2.0, and 3.9 mg/kg). In conclusion, Lu AA21004 mediates its pharmacological effects via two pharmacological modalities: SERT inhibition and 5-HT receptor modulation. In vivo, this results in enhanced release of several neurotransmitters and antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like profiles at doses for which targets in addition to the SERT are occupied. The multimodal activity profile of Lu AA21004 is distinct from that of current antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mørk
- Synaptic Transmission 1, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, DK-2500 Copenhagen-Valby, Denmark.
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40
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Bang-Andersen B, Ruhland T, Jørgensen M, Smith G, Frederiksen K, Jensen KG, Zhong H, Nielsen SM, Hogg S, Mørk A, Stensbøl TB. Discovery of 1-[2-(2,4-dimethylphenylsulfanyl)phenyl]piperazine (Lu AA21004): a novel multimodal compound for the treatment of major depressive disorder. J Med Chem 2011; 54:3206-21. [PMID: 21486038 DOI: 10.1021/jm101459g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and structure-activity relationship of a novel series of compounds with combined effects on 5-HT(3A) and 5-HT(1A) receptors and on the serotonin (5-HT) transporter (SERT) are described. Compound 5m (Lu AA21004) was the lead compound, displaying high affinity for recombinant human 5-HT(1A) (K(i) = 15 nM), 5-HT(1B) (K(i) = 33 nM), 5-HT(3A) (K(i) = 3.7 nM), 5-HT(7) (K(i) = 19 nM), and noradrenergic β(1) (K(i) = 46 nM) receptors, and SERT (K(i) = 1.6 nM). Compound 5m displayed antagonistic properties at 5-HT(3A) and 5-HT(7) receptors, partial agonist properties at 5-HT(1B) receptors, agonistic properties at 5-HT(1A) receptors, and potent inhibition of SERT. In conscious rats, 5m significantly increased extracellular 5-HT levels in the brain after acute and 3 days of treatment. Following the 3-day treatment (5 or 10 (mg/kg)/day) SERT occupancies were only 43% and 57%, respectively. These characteristics indicate that 5m is a novel multimodal serotonergic compound, and 5m is currently in clinical development for major depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benny Bang-Andersen
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Denmark, H. Lundbeck A/S , 9 Ottiliavej, DK-2500 Copenhagen-Valby, Denmark.
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Sams AG, Mikkelsen GK, Larsen M, Langgård M, Howells ME, Schrøder TJ, Brennum LT, Torup L, Jørgensen EB, Bundgaard C, Kreilgård M, Bang-Andersen B. Discovery of Phosphoric Acid Mono-{2-[(E/Z)-4-(3,3-dimethyl-butyrylamino)-3,5-difluoro-benzoylimino]-thiazol-3-ylmethyl} Ester (Lu AA47070): A Phosphonooxymethylene Prodrug of a Potent and Selective hA2A Receptor Antagonist. J Med Chem 2011; 54:751-64. [DOI: 10.1021/jm1008659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anette G. Sams
- Medicinal Chemistry Research, Lundbeck Research Denmark, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, DK-2500 Copenhagen Valby, Denmark
| | - Gitte K. Mikkelsen
- Medicinal Chemistry Research, Lundbeck Research Denmark, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, DK-2500 Copenhagen Valby, Denmark
| | - Mogens Larsen
- Medicinal Chemistry Research, Lundbeck Research Denmark, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, DK-2500 Copenhagen Valby, Denmark
| | - Morten Langgård
- Computational Chemistry, Lundbeck Research Denmark, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, DK-2500 Copenhagen Valby, Denmark
| | - Mark E. Howells
- Process Research, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, DK-2500 Copenhagen Valby, Denmark
| | - Tenna J. Schrøder
- Molecular Pharmacology, Lundbeck Research Denmark, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, DK-2500 Copenhagen Valby, Denmark
| | - Lise T. Brennum
- In vivo Neuropharmacology, Lundbeck Research Denmark, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, DK-2500 Copenhagen Valby, Denmark
| | - Lars Torup
- In vivo Neuropharmacology, Lundbeck Research Denmark, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, DK-2500 Copenhagen Valby, Denmark
| | - Erling B. Jørgensen
- Preformulation, Lundbeck Research Denmark, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, DK-2500 Copenhagen Valby, Denmark
| | - Christoffer Bundgaard
- Discovery ADME, Lundbeck Research Denmark, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, DK-2500 Copenhagen Valby, Denmark
| | - Mads Kreilgård
- Discovery ADME, Lundbeck Research Denmark, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, DK-2500 Copenhagen Valby, Denmark
| | - Benny Bang-Andersen
- Medicinal Chemistry Research, Lundbeck Research Denmark, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, DK-2500 Copenhagen Valby, Denmark
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J. Finnema S, Bang-Andersen B, V. Wikstrom H, Halldin C. Current State of Agonist Radioligands for Imaging of Brain Dopamine D2/D3 Receptors In Vivo with Positron Emission Tomography. Curr Top Med Chem 2010; 10:1477-98. [DOI: 10.2174/156802610793176837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 04/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Sams AG, Hentzer M, Mikkelsen GK, Larsen K, Bundgaard C, Plath N, Christoffersen CT, Bang-Andersen B. Discovery of N-{1-[3-(3-oxo-2,3-dihydrobenzo[1,4]oxazin-4-yl)propyl]piperidin-4-yl}-2-phenylacetamide (Lu AE51090): an allosteric muscarinic M1 receptor agonist with unprecedented selectivity and procognitive potential. J Med Chem 2010; 53:6386-97. [PMID: 20684563 DOI: 10.1021/jm100697g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The discovery and structure-activity relationship (SAR) of a series of allosteric muscarinic M(1) receptor agonists are described. Compound 17 (Lu AE51090) was identified as a representative compound from the series, based on its high selectivity as an agonist at the muscarinic M(1) receptor across a panel of muscarinic receptor subtypes. Furthermore, 17 displayed a high degree of selectivity when tested in a broad panel of G-protein-coupled receptors, ion channels, transporters, and enzymes, and 17 showed an acceptable pharmacokinetic profile and sufficient brain exposure in rodents in order to characterize the compound in vivo. Hence, in a rodent model of learning and memory, 17 reversed delay-induced natural forgetting, suggesting a procognitive potential of 17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anette G Sams
- Medicinal Chemistry Research, Lundbeck Research Denmark, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, DK-2500 Valby, Denmark.
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Kristensen JL, Püschl A, Jensen M, Risgaard R, Christoffersen CT, Bang-Andersen B, Balle T. Exploring the Neuroleptic Substituent in Octoclothepin: Potential Ligands for Positron Emission Tomography with Subnanomolar Affinity for α1-Adrenoceptors. J Med Chem 2010; 53:7021-34. [DOI: 10.1021/jm100652h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesper L. Kristensen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Martin Jensen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Medicinal Chemistry Research
| | - Rune Risgaard
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Medicinal Chemistry Research
| | | | | | - Thomas Balle
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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45
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Sams AG, Mikkelsen GK, Larsen M, Torup L, Brennum LT, Schrøder TJ, Bang-Andersen B. Hit-to-lead optimization of a series of carboxamides of ethyl 2-amino-4-phenylthiazole-5-carboxylates as novel adenosine A2A receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:5241-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.06.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Revised: 06/25/2010] [Accepted: 06/29/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Idris N, Neill J, Grayson B, Bang-Andersen B, Witten LM, Brennum LT, Arnt J. Sertindole improves sub-chronic PCP-induced reversal learning and episodic memory deficits in rodents: involvement of 5-HT(6) and 5-HT (2A) receptor mechanisms. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2010; 208:23-36. [PMID: 19851757 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-009-1702-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2009] [Accepted: 10/05/2009] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study examined the efficacy of sertindole in comparison with a selective 5-HT(6) and a 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonist to reverse sub-chronic phencyclidine (PCP)-induced cognitive deficits in female rats. METHODS In the first test, adult female hooded Lister rats were trained to perform an operant reversal learning task to 90% criterion. After training, rats were treated with PCP at 2 mg/kg (i.p.) or vehicle twice daily for 7 days, followed by 7 days washout. For the second test, novel object recognition (NOR), a separate batch of rats, had the same sub-chronic PCP dosing regime and washout period. In reversal learning, rats were treated acutely with sertindole, the selective 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonist M100.907 or the selective 5-HT(6) receptor antagonist SB-742457. RESULTS The PCP-induced selective reversal learning deficit was significantly improved by sertindole, M100.907 and SB-742457. Sertindole also significantly improved the sub-chronic PCP-induced deficit in NOR, a test of episodic memory following a 1 min and 1 h inter-trial interval. In vivo binding studies showed that the dose-response relationship for sertindole in this study most closely correlates with affinity for 5-HT(6) receptor in vivo binding in striatum, although contribution from binding to 5-HT(2A) receptors in vivo in cortex may also provide an important mechanism. CONCLUSION The efficacies of selective 5-HT(2A) and 5-HT(6) receptor antagonists suggest potential mechanisms mediating the effects of sertindole, which has high affinity for these 5-HT receptor subtypes. The sertindole-induced improvement in cognitive function in this animal model suggests relevance for the management of cognitive deficit symptoms in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagi Idris
- Bradford School of Pharmacy, The University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7 1DP, UK
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Andersen J, Olsen L, Hansen KB, Taboureau O, Jørgensen FS, Jørgensen AM, Bang-Andersen B, Egebjerg J, Strømgaard K, Kristensen AS. Mutational mapping and modeling of the binding site for (S)-citalopram in the human serotonin transporter. J Biol Chem 2009; 285:2051-63. [PMID: 19892699 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.072587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The serotonin transporter (SERT) regulates extracellular levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) in the brain by facilitating uptake of released 5-hydroxytryptamine into neuronal cells. SERT is the target for widely used antidepressant drugs, including imipramine, fluoxetine, and (S)-citalopram, which are competitive inhibitors of the transport function. Knowledge of the molecular details of the antidepressant binding sites in SERT has been limited due to lack of structural data on SERT. Here, we present a characterization of the (S)-citalopram binding pocket in human SERT (hSERT) using mutational and computational approaches. Comparative modeling and ligand docking reveal that (S)-citalopram fits into the hSERT substrate binding pocket, where (S)-citalopram can adopt a number of different binding orientations. We find, however, that only one of these binding modes is functionally relevant from studying the effects of 64 point mutations around the putative substrate binding site. The mutational mapping also identify novel hSERT residues that are crucial for (S)-citalopram binding. The model defines the molecular determinants for (S)-citalopram binding to hSERT and demonstrates that the antidepressant binding site overlaps with the substrate binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Andersen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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48
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Finnema SJ, Halldin C, Bang-Andersen B, Gulyás B, Bundgaard C, Wikström HV, Farde L. Dopamine D(2/3) receptor occupancy of apomorphine in the nonhuman primate brain--a comparative PET study with [11C]raclopride and [11C]MNPA. Synapse 2009; 63:378-89. [PMID: 19173265 DOI: 10.1002/syn.20615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Binding studies in vitro have demonstrated that the dopamine D2 receptor may exist in two affinity states for agonists. The high affinity state is thought to represent the functional state of the receptor and proportions might alter during disease. In vitro studies further indicate that agonists induce measurable D(2) receptor occupancy at clinically relevant concentrations but only when measured at the high affinity state. Recently developed PET-radioligands, such as [11C]MNPA, have now made it possible to directly study agonist binding in vivo. The aim of this study was to compare the inhibition by apomorphine of agonist and antagonist radioligand binding to D(2/3) receptors in vivo. A total of 36 PET measurements were performed with the D(2/3) antagonist [11C]raclopride or the D(2/3) agonist [11C]MNPA in two cynomolgus monkeys. On each study day, a baseline measurement was followed by two consecutive pretreatment studies with rising doses of apomorphine (0.01, 0.05, 0.15, 0.5, 1.0, and 3.0 mg/kg). Binding potential (BP(ND)) values were calculated for the striatum with cerebellum as reference region. Apomorphine inhibited [11C]raclopride and [11C]MNPA binding in a dose-dependent manner and to a similar extent. ID(50) and K(i) values were 0.26 mg/kg and 29 ng/ml for [11C]raclopride and 0.50 mg/kg and 31 ng/ml for [11C]MNPA. The present observations do not support the existence of two affinity states in vivo. It might thus be speculated that all D(2/3) receptors are in the high affinity state at in vivo conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjoerd J Finnema
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Psychiatry Section, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Andersen J, Kristensen AS, Bang-Andersen B, Strømgaard K. Recent advances in the understanding of the interaction of antidepressant drugs with serotonin and norepinephrine transporters. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:3677-92. [PMID: 19557250 DOI: 10.1039/b903035m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The biogenic monoamine transporters are integral membrane proteins that perform active transport of extracellular dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine into cells. These transporters are targets for therapeutic agents such as antidepressants, as well as addictive substances such as cocaine and amphetamine. Seminal advances in the understanding of the structure and function of this transporter family have recently been accomplished by structural studies of a bacterial transporter, as well as medicinal chemistry and pharmacological studies of mammalian transporters. This feature article focuses on antidepressant drugs that act on the serotonin and/or the norepinephrine transporters. Specifically, we focus on structure-activity relationships of these drugs with emphasis on relationships between their molecular properties and the current knowledge of transporter structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Andersen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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50
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Eildal JNN, Andersen J, Kristensen AS, Jørgensen AM, Bang-Andersen B, Jørgensen M, Strømgaard K. From the selective serotonin transporter inhibitor citalopram to the selective norepinephrine transporter inhibitor talopram: synthesis and structure-activity relationship studies. J Med Chem 2008; 51:3045-8. [PMID: 18429609 DOI: 10.1021/jm701602g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Citalopram and talopram are structurally closely related, but they have very distinct pharmacological profiles as selective inhibitors of the serotonin and norepinephrine transporters, respectively. A systematic structure-activity relationship study was performed, in which each of the four positions distinguishing the two compounds were varied. The inhibitory potencies of the resulting 16 compounds were tested at both serotonin and norepinephrine transporters. This showed that particularly two of the four positions are determinants for the biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas N N Eildal
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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