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Ferrari R, Hernandez DG, Nalls MA, Rohrer JD, Ramasamy A, Kwok JBJ, Dobson-Stone C, Brooks WS, Schofield PR, Halliday GM, Hodges JR, Piguet O, Bartley L, Thompson E, Haan E, Hernández I, Ruiz A, Boada M, Borroni B, Padovani A, Cruchaga C, Cairns NJ, Benussi L, Binetti G, Ghidoni R, Forloni G, Galimberti D, Fenoglio C, Serpente M, Scarpini E, Clarimón J, Lleó A, Blesa R, Waldö ML, Nilsson K, Nilsson C, Mackenzie IRA, Hsiung GYR, Mann DMA, Grafman J, Morris CM, Attems J, Griffiths TD, McKeith IG, Thomas AJ, Pietrini P, Huey ED, Wassermann EM, Baborie A, Jaros E, Tierney MC, Pastor P, Razquin C, Ortega-Cubero S, Alonso E, Perneczky R, Diehl-Schmid J, Alexopoulos P, Kurz A, Rainero I, Rubino E, Pinessi L, Rogaeva E, St George-Hyslop P, Rossi G, Tagliavini F, Giaccone G, Rowe JB, Schlachetzki JCM, Uphill J, Collinge J, Mead S, Danek A, Van Deerlin VM, Grossman M, Trojanowski JQ, van der Zee J, Deschamps W, Van Langenhove T, Cruts M, Van Broeckhoven C, Cappa SF, Le Ber I, Hannequin D, Golfier V, Vercelletto M, Brice A, Nacmias B, Sorbi S, Bagnoli S, Piaceri I, Nielsen JE, Hjermind LE, Riemenschneider M, Mayhaus M, Ibach B, Gasparoni G, Pichler S, Gu W, Rossor MN, Fox NC, Warren JD, Spillantini MG, Morris HR, Rizzu P, Heutink P, Snowden JS, Rollinson S, Richardson A, Gerhard A, Bruni AC, Maletta R, Frangipane F, Cupidi C, Bernardi L, Anfossi M, Gallo M, Conidi ME, Smirne N, Rademakers R, Baker M, Dickson DW, Graff-Radford NR, Petersen RC, Knopman D, Josephs KA, Boeve BF, Parisi JE, Seeley WW, Miller BL, Karydas AM, Rosen H, van Swieten JC, Dopper EGP, Seelaar H, Pijnenburg YAL, Scheltens P, Logroscino G, Capozzo R, Novelli V, Puca AA, Franceschi M, Postiglione A, Milan G, Sorrentino P, Kristiansen M, Chiang HH, Graff C, Pasquier F, Rollin A, Deramecourt V, Lebert F, Kapogiannis D, Ferrucci L, Pickering-Brown S, Singleton AB, Hardy J, Momeni P. Frontotemporal dementia and its subtypes: a genome-wide association study. Lancet Neurol 2014; 13:686-99. [PMID: 24943344 PMCID: PMC4112126 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(14)70065-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a complex disorder characterised by a broad range of clinical manifestations, differential pathological signatures, and genetic variability. Mutations in three genes-MAPT, GRN, and C9orf72--have been associated with FTD. We sought to identify novel genetic risk loci associated with the disorder. METHODS We did a two-stage genome-wide association study on clinical FTD, analysing samples from 3526 patients with FTD and 9402 healthy controls. To reduce genetic heterogeneity, all participants were of European ancestry. In the discovery phase (samples from 2154 patients with FTD and 4308 controls), we did separate association analyses for each FTD subtype (behavioural variant FTD, semantic dementia, progressive non-fluent aphasia, and FTD overlapping with motor neuron disease [FTD-MND]), followed by a meta-analysis of the entire dataset. We carried forward replication of the novel suggestive loci in an independent sample series (samples from 1372 patients and 5094 controls) and then did joint phase and brain expression and methylation quantitative trait loci analyses for the associated (p<5 × 10(-8)) single-nucleotide polymorphisms. FINDINGS We identified novel associations exceeding the genome-wide significance threshold (p<5 × 10(-8)). Combined (joint) analyses of discovery and replication phases showed genome-wide significant association at 6p21.3, HLA locus (immune system), for rs9268877 (p=1·05 × 10(-8); odds ratio=1·204 [95% CI 1·11-1·30]), rs9268856 (p=5·51 × 10(-9); 0·809 [0·76-0·86]) and rs1980493 (p value=1·57 × 10(-8), 0·775 [0·69-0·86]) in the entire cohort. We also identified a potential novel locus at 11q14, encompassing RAB38/CTSC (the transcripts of which are related to lysosomal biology), for the behavioural FTD subtype for which joint analyses showed suggestive association for rs302668 (p=2·44 × 10(-7); 0·814 [0·71-0·92]). Analysis of expression and methylation quantitative trait loci data suggested that these loci might affect expression and methylation in cis. INTERPRETATION Our findings suggest that immune system processes (link to 6p21.3) and possibly lysosomal and autophagy pathways (link to 11q14) are potentially involved in FTD. Our findings need to be replicated to better define the association of the newly identified loci with disease and to shed light on the pathomechanisms contributing to FTD. FUNDING The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and National Institute on Aging, the Wellcome/MRC Centre on Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's Research UK, and Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Ferrari
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA; Reta Lila Weston Research Laboratories, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Dena G Hernandez
- Reta Lila Weston Research Laboratories, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael A Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan D Rohrer
- Reta Lila Weston Research Laboratories, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Adaikalavan Ramasamy
- Reta Lila Weston Research Laboratories, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - John B J Kwok
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Carol Dobson-Stone
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - William S Brooks
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter R Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Glenda M Halliday
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John R Hodges
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Olivier Piguet
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Elizabeth Thompson
- South Australian Clinical Genetics Service, SA Pathology at Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, SA, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Eric Haan
- South Australian Clinical Genetics Service, SA Pathology at Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, SA, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Isabel Hernández
- Memory Clinic of Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agustín Ruiz
- Memory Clinic of Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Boada
- Memory Clinic of Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Barcelona, Spain; Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron-Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (VHIR-UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA; Hope Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nigel J Cairns
- Hope Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Luisa Benussi
- NeuroBioGen Lab-Memory Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuliano Binetti
- NeuroBioGen Lab-Memory Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberta Ghidoni
- Proteomics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Forloni
- Biology of Neurodegenerative Disorders, IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milano, Italy
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Fondazione Cà Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Fenoglio
- University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Fondazione Cà Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Serpente
- University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Fondazione Cà Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Elio Scarpini
- University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Fondazione Cà Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Jordi Clarimón
- Memory Unit, Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Center for Networker Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Lleó
- Memory Unit, Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Center for Networker Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Blesa
- Memory Unit, Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Center for Networker Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Landqvist Waldö
- Unit of Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Karin Nilsson
- Unit of Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Christer Nilsson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Ian R A Mackenzie
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ging-Yuek R Hsiung
- Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - David M A Mann
- Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Salford Royal Hospital, Stott Lane, Salford, UK
| | - Jordan Grafman
- Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Psychiatry, and Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, IL, USA; Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, IL, USA; Department of Psychology, Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Northwestern University, IL, USA
| | - Christopher M Morris
- Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Psychiatry, and Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, IL, USA; Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, IL, USA; Newcastle Brain Tissue Resource, Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Newcastle University, Institute for Ageing and Health, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Johannes Attems
- Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Psychiatry, and Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, IL, USA; Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, IL, USA; Newcastle Brain Tissue Resource, Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Newcastle University, Institute for Ageing and Health, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Timothy D Griffiths
- Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Psychiatry, and Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, IL, USA; Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, IL, USA; Newcastle Brain Tissue Resource, Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ian G McKeith
- Biomedical Research Building, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Alan J Thomas
- Newcastle University, Institute for Ageing and Health, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - P Pietrini
- Clinical Psychology Branch, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy; Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Edward D Huey
- Taub Institute, Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA 10032
| | - Eric M Wassermann
- Behavioral Neurology Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Atik Baborie
- Neuropathology Department, Walton Centre FT, Liverpool, UK
| | - Evelyn Jaros
- Newcastle University, Institute for Ageing and Health, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Neuropathology/Cellular Pathology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Michael C Tierney
- Behavioral Neurology Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pau Pastor
- Center for Networker Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Neurogenetics Laboratory, Division of Neurosciences, Center for Applied Medical Research, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Neurology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra School of Medicine, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Cristina Razquin
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Division of Neurosciences, Center for Applied Medical Research, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sara Ortega-Cubero
- Center for Networker Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Neurogenetics Laboratory, Division of Neurosciences, Center for Applied Medical Research, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elena Alonso
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Division of Neurosciences, Center for Applied Medical Research, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Robert Perneczky
- Neuroepidemiology and Ageing Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, UK; West London Cognitive Disorders Treatment and Research Unit, West London Mental Health Trust, London TW8 8 DS, UK; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Janine Diehl-Schmid
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Panagiotis Alexopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Kurz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Innocenzo Rainero
- Neurology I, Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Italy; AO Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Italy
| | - Elisa Rubino
- Neurology I, Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Italy; AO Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Pinessi
- Neurology I, Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Italy; AO Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Italy
| | - Ekaterina Rogaeva
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter St George-Hyslop
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and the Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Giacomina Rossi
- Division of Neurology V and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Tagliavini
- Division of Neurology V and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Giorgio Giaccone
- Division of Neurology V and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - James B Rowe
- Cambridge University Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK; MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, UK; Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Johannes C M Schlachetzki
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Freiburg Medical School, Germany; Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - James Uphill
- MRC Prion Unit, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - John Collinge
- MRC Prion Unit, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Simon Mead
- MRC Prion Unit, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Adrian Danek
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Vivianna M Van Deerlin
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Murray Grossman
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Julie van der Zee
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - William Deschamps
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tim Van Langenhove
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marc Cruts
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stefano F Cappa
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, Deptartment Of Clinical Neuroscience, Vita-Salute University and San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Isabelle Le Ber
- Inserm, UMR_S975, CRICM, F-75013; UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S975, F-75013; and CNRS UMR 7225, F-75013, Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Département de Neurologie-Centre de Références des Démences Rares, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Didier Hannequin
- Service de Neurologie, Inserm U1079, CNR-MAJ, Rouen University Hospital, France
| | | | | | - Alexis Brice
- Inserm, UMR_S975, CRICM, F-75013; UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S975, F-75013; and CNRS UMR 7225, F-75013, Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Département de Neurologie-Centre de Références des Démences Rares, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Benedetta Nacmias
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA) University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sandro Sorbi
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA) University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Bagnoli
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA) University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Irene Piaceri
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA) University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Jørgen E Nielsen
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Neurogenetics Clinic, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Section of Neurogenetics, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lena E Hjermind
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Neurogenetics Clinic, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Section of Neurogenetics, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias Riemenschneider
- Saarland University Hospital, Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Homburg/Saar, Germany; Saarland University, Laboratory for Neurogenetics, Kirrberger, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Manuel Mayhaus
- Saarland University, Laboratory for Neurogenetics, Kirrberger, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Bernd Ibach
- University Regensburg, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Universitätsstr 84, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gilles Gasparoni
- Saarland University, Laboratory for Neurogenetics, Kirrberger, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Sabrina Pichler
- Saarland University, Laboratory for Neurogenetics, Kirrberger, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Wei Gu
- Saarland University, Laboratory for Neurogenetics, Kirrberger, Homburg/Saar, Germany; Luxembourg Centre For Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Martin N Rossor
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Nick C Fox
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Jason D Warren
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Maria Grazia Spillantini
- University of Cambridge, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Van Geest Brain Repair Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Huw R Morris
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Patrizia Rizzu
- German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases-Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Heutink
- German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases-Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julie S Snowden
- Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sara Rollinson
- Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Anna Richardson
- Salford Royal Foundation Trust, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Alexander Gerhard
- Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Withington, Manchester, UK
| | - Amalia C Bruni
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre, ASPCZ, Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | | | | | - Chiara Cupidi
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre, ASPCZ, Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | - Livia Bernardi
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre, ASPCZ, Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | - Maria Anfossi
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre, ASPCZ, Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | - Maura Gallo
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre, ASPCZ, Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | | | | | - Rosa Rademakers
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Matt Baker
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Dennis W Dickson
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | | | - David Knopman
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Keith A Josephs
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Bradley F Boeve
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Joseph E Parisi
- Department of Pathology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - William W Seeley
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anna M Karydas
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Howard Rosen
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John C van Swieten
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Genetics, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elise G P Dopper
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harro Seelaar
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yolande A L Pijnenburg
- Alzheimer Centre and Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Alzheimer Centre and Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Giancarlo Logroscino
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs of the Aldo Moro, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Rosa Capozzo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs of the Aldo Moro, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Valeria Novelli
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, IRCCS Fondazione S Maugeri, Pavia, Italy
| | - Annibale A Puca
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | | | - Alfredo Postiglione
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Graziella Milan
- Geriatric Center Frullone-ASL Napoli 1 Centro, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Huei-Hsin Chiang
- Karolinska Institutet, Department NVS, KI-Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Genetics Unit, Karolinska Universtiy Hospital, Stockholm
| | - Caroline Graff
- Karolinska Institutet, Department NVS, KI-Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Genetics Unit, Karolinska Universtiy Hospital, Stockholm
| | | | | | | | | | - Dimitrios Kapogiannis
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stuart Pickering-Brown
- Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew B Singleton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John Hardy
- Reta Lila Weston Research Laboratories, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
| | - Parastoo Momeni
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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