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Crook B, Bailey C, Sykes A, Hoyle MC, Evans C, Poller B, Makison-Booth C, Pocock D, Tuudah C, Athan B, Hall S. Validation of personal protective equipment ensembles, incorporating powered air-purifying respirators protected from contamination, for the care of patients with high-consequence infectious diseases. J Hosp Infect 2023; 134:71-79. [PMID: 36716796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The UK High-Consequence Infectious Diseases (HCID) Network of high-level isolation units provides care for patients with contact- or airborne-transmissible highly infectious and highly dangerous diseases. In most HCID units, the healthcare workers (HCWs) wear personal protective equipment (PPE) ensembles incorporating a powered air-purifying respirator (PAPR) for head and respiratory protection. Some PAPRs have components worn outside/over other PPE, necessitating decontamination of re-usable elements. Two alternative PAPRs, with all re-usable elements worn under PPE, were trialled in this study. AIM To undertake scenario-based testing of PAPRs and PPE to determine usability, comfort and ability to remove contaminated PPE without personal cross-contamination. METHODS Trained healthcare volunteers (N=20) wearing PAPR/PPE ensembles were sprayed with ultraviolet fluorescent markers. They undertook exercises to mimic patient care, and subsequently, after doffing the contaminated PPE following an established protocol, any personal cross-contamination was visualized under ultraviolet light. Participants also completed a questionnaire to gauge how comfortable they found the PPE. FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS The ensembles were tested under extreme 'worst case scenario' conditions, augmented by physical and manual dexterity tests. Participating volunteers considered the exercise to be beneficial in terms of training and PPE evaluation. Data obtained, including feedback from questionnaires and doffing buddy observations, supported evidence-based decisions on the PAPR/PPE ensemble to be adopted by the HCID Network. One cross-contamination event was recorded in the ensemble chosen; this could be attributed to doffing error, and could therefore be eliminated with further practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Crook
- Health Capability Group, Science and Research Centre, Health and Safety Executive, Buxton, UK.
| | - C Bailey
- Health Capability Group, Science and Research Centre, Health and Safety Executive, Buxton, UK
| | - A Sykes
- Infection Prevention and Control, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK
| | - M C Hoyle
- ID/HCID Unit, Royal Liverpool Hospital, Royal Liverpool and Broad Green University Hospitals NHS Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - C Evans
- Department of Virology, Laboratory Medicine, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - B Poller
- Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK; Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
| | - C Makison-Booth
- Health Capability Group, Science and Research Centre, Health and Safety Executive, Buxton, UK; World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D Pocock
- Health Capability Group, Science and Research Centre, Health and Safety Executive, Buxton, UK; Cabinet Office, Kings Court, Sheffield, UK
| | - C Tuudah
- Directorate of Infection, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - B Athan
- High-Level Isolation Unit, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - S Hall
- Health Capability Group, Science and Research Centre, Health and Safety Executive, Buxton, UK
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2
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Partridge DG, Sori A, Green DJ, Simpson R, Poller B, Raza M, Kaur H, Jessop H, Colton B, Nield A, Evans CM, Lee A. Universal use of surgical masks is tolerated and prevents respiratory viral infection in stem cell transplant recipients. J Hosp Infect 2021; 119:182-186. [PMID: 34543704 PMCID: PMC8447542 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Prevention of respiratory viral infection in stem cell transplant patients is important due to its high risk of adverse outcome. This single-centre, mixed methods study, conducted before the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 pandemic, explored the barriers and facilitators to a policy of universal mask use by visitors and healthcare workers, and examined the impact of the first year of introduction of the policy on respiratory viral infection rates compared with preceding years, adjusted for overall incidence. Education around universal mask use was highlighted as being particularly important in policy implementation. A significant decrease in respiratory viral infection was observed following introduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Partridge
- Department of Microbiology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Foundation NHS Trust, Sheffield, UK; Florey Institute for Host-Pathogen Interaction, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| | - A Sori
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - D J Green
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - R Simpson
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - B Poller
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M Raza
- Department of Virology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Foundation NHS Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - H Kaur
- Department of Haematology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Foundation NHS Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - H Jessop
- Department of Haematology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Foundation NHS Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - B Colton
- Department of Haematology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Foundation NHS Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - A Nield
- Department of Haematology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Foundation NHS Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - C M Evans
- Florey Institute for Host-Pathogen Interaction, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; Department of Virology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Foundation NHS Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - A Lee
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Poller B, Lynch C, Ramsden R, Jessop K, Evans C, Tweed K, Drew C, Bates C. Laundering single-use gowns in the event of critical shortage: experience of a UK acute trust. J Hosp Infect 2020; 106:629-630. [PMID: 32841702 PMCID: PMC7443057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B Poller
- Virology Department, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, UK.
| | - C Lynch
- Microbiology Department, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - R Ramsden
- Linen Services, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - K Jessop
- Central Nursing, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - C Evans
- Virology Department, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - K Tweed
- Decontamination Services, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - C Drew
- Patient and Healthcare Governance, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - C Bates
- Microbiology Department, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, UK
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4
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Poller B, Painter GF, Walker GF. Influence of Albumin in the Microfluidic Synthesis of PEG-PLGA Nanoparticles. Pharm Nanotechnol 2019; 7:460-468. [PMID: 31657694 DOI: 10.2174/2211738507666191023091938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A key challenge in the manufacturing of polymeric colloids is producing nanoparticles with good batch-to-batch consistency. OBJECTIVE Develop a robust microfluidics method for the preparation of PEG-PLGA nanoparticles using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as the organic phase solvent for the encapsulation of DMSO soluble agents. METHODS Microfluidic process parameters, total flow rate (10 mL/min), flow rate ratio (1:1) of the aqueous phase and the organic polymer solution, and polymer concentration (5 mg/ml). Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) or human serum albumin (HSA) was included in the aqueous phase. Dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy were used to investigate the size and morphology of particles. RESULTS PLGA nanoparticles made using DMSO with the aqueous solvent containing PVA (2%) had an average size of 60 nm while PLGA-PEG nanoparticles made with and without PVA (2%) had an average size of 70 and 100 nm, respectively. PLGA-PEG nanoparticles generated with or without PVA had a high batch-to-batch coefficient of variation for the particle size of 20% while for PLGA nanoparticles with PVA it was 4%. HSA added to the aqueous phase reduced the size and the zeta potential of PEG-PLGA nanoparticles as well the batch-to-batch coefficient of variation for particle size to < 5%. Nanoparticles were stable in solution and after lyophilized in the presence of sucrose. CONCLUSION Albumin was involved in the self-assembly of PEG-PLGA nanoparticles altering the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles. Adding protein to the aqueous phase in the microfluidic fabrication process may be a valuable tool for tuning the properties of nanoparticles and improving batch-to-batch consistency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Poller
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Gavin F Painter
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Greg F Walker
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Zawari M, Poller B, Walker G, Pearson A, Hampton M, Carr AC. Formulation of Broccoli Sprout Powder in Gastro-Resistant Capsules Protects against the Acidic pH of the Stomach In Vitro but Does Not Increase Isothiocyanate Bioavailability In Vivo. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8090359. [PMID: 31480621 PMCID: PMC6770740 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8090359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Broccoli sprout powder is a rich source of glucosinolates, which are hydrolysed to isothiocyanates in the presence of the enzyme myrosinase. We showed that in vitro incubation of broccoli sprout powder extract with isolated lymphocytes resulted in the upregulation of transcription factor Nrf2, however, there was no increase in Nrf2 protein levels in lymphocytes isolated 3 h following the ingestion of broccoli sprout powder by healthy volunteers. This highlights the general issue that potential health benefits of food-derived compounds can be compromised by limitations in bioavailability. In vitro experiments showed that the generation of isothiocyanates was reduced when the powder was first exposed to the low pH (1.2) of the stomach and then transferred to the higher pH (6.8) of the intestine. The loss of activity due to pre-exposure to the low stomach pH indicates that formulating the broccoli sprout powder in gastro-resistant formulations should increase that amount of isothiocyanate generated in the intestine for absorption. Gelatin capsules were hand-coated with either Eudragit® L100 or Eudragit® L100-55 and were assessed for their gastro-resistant properties using paracetamol as a model active for dissolution studies. Disintegration and dissolution studies showed that Eudragit® L100-55 coated capsules and DRcapsTM (Capsugel®) failed the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) requirements for gastro-resistant capsules, whereas the Eudragit® L100 coated capsules passed. Five healthy participants were administered 1 g of broccoli sprout powder, ingested either with water or encapsulated in uncoated or gastro-resistant capsules. Urinary excretion of isothiocyanate metabolites over the 24 h period post ingestion was assessed by HPLC. Broccoli sprout powder and uncoated gelatin-encapsulated powder showed comparable excretion of isothiocyanate metabolites (18.4 ± 2.3 and 23.9 ± 2.7 µmol, respectively). The enteric coated capsules provided a significantly longer Tmax than the uncoated gelatin capsules (15.4 ± 2.3 versus 3.7 ± 0.7 h, respectively), indicating protection from disintegration in the stomach, however, the excretion of isothiocyanate metabolites was significantly decreased compared with uncoated capsules (i.e., 8.5 ± 1.1 µmol). The lower in vivo formation or absorption of isothiocyanates observed for the gastro-resistant capsules may be due to participant variation in intestinal pH or transit times, resulting in inappropriate pH conditions or insufficient time for the complete disintegration and dissolution of the capsules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masuma Zawari
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, P.O. Box 4345, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Bettina Poller
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Greg Walker
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Andree Pearson
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, P.O. Box 4345, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Mark Hampton
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, P.O. Box 4345, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Anitra C Carr
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, P.O. Box 4345, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand.
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6
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Poller B, Hall S, Bailey C, Gregory S, Clark R, Roberts P, Tunbridge A, Poran V, Crook B, Evans C. 'VIOLET': a fluorescence-based simulation exercise for training healthcare workers in the use of personal protective equipment. J Hosp Infect 2018; 99:229-235. [PMID: 29421340 PMCID: PMC7133760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2018.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Healthcare workers caring for patients with high-consequence infectious diseases (HCIDs) require protection from pathogen exposure, for example by wearing personal protective equipment (PPE). Protection is acquired through the inherent safety of the PPE components, but also their safe and correct use, supported by adequate training and user familiarity. However, the evidence base for HCID PPE ensembles and any associated training is lacking, with subsequent variation between healthcare providers. Aim To develop an evidence-based assessment and training tool for evaluating PPE ensembles and doffing protocols, in the assessment of patients with suspected HCIDs. Methods VIOLET (Visualising Infection with Optimised Light for Education and Training) comprises a healthcare mannequin adapted to deliver simulated bodily fluids containing UV-fluorescent tracers. On demand and remotely operated, the mannequin projectile vomits (blue), coughs (red), has diarrhoea (yellow) and is covered in sweat (orange). Wearing PPE, healthcare staff participate in an HCID risk assessment and examination of the ‘patient’, thereby becoming exposed to these bodily fluids. Contamination of PPE is visualized and body-mapped under UV light before and after removal. Observational findings and participant feedback, around its use as a training exercise, is also recorded. Findings Significant contamination from different exposure events was seen, enabling evaluation of PPE and doffing procedures used. Observational data and participant feedback demonstrated its strengths and success as a training technique. Conclusion Simulation exercises using VIOLET provide evidence-based assessment of PPE ensembles, and are a valuable resource for training of healthcare staff in wearing and safe doffing of PPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Poller
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK.
| | - S Hall
- Health and Safety Executive, Buxton, UK
| | - C Bailey
- Health and Safety Executive, Buxton, UK
| | - S Gregory
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - R Clark
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - P Roberts
- Health and Safety Executive, Buxton, UK
| | - A Tunbridge
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - V Poran
- Health and Safety Executive, Leeds, UK
| | - B Crook
- Health and Safety Executive, Buxton, UK
| | - C Evans
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
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7
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Hall S, Poller B, Bailey C, Gregory S, Clark R, Roberts P, Tunbridge A, Poran V, Evans C, Crook B. Use of ultraviolet-fluorescence-based simulation in evaluation of personal protective equipment worn for first assessment and care of a patient with suspected high-consequence infectious disease. J Hosp Infect 2018; 99:218-228. [PMID: 29325871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Variations currently exist across the UK in the choice of personal protective equipment (PPE) used by healthcare workers when caring for patients with suspected high-consequence infectious diseases (HCIDs). AIM To test the protection afforded to healthcare workers by current PPE ensembles during assessment of a suspected HCID case, and to provide an evidence base to justify proposal of a unified PPE ensemble for healthcare workers across the UK. METHODS One 'basic level' (enhanced precautions) PPE ensemble and five 'suspected case' PPE ensembles were evaluated in volunteer trials using 'Violet'; an ultraviolet-fluorescence-based simulation exercise to visualize exposure/contamination events. Contamination was photographed and mapped. FINDINGS There were 147 post-simulation and 31 post-doffing contamination events, from a maximum of 980, when evaluating the basic level of PPE. Therefore, this PPE ensemble did not afford adequate protection, primarily due to direct contamination of exposed areas of the skin. For the five suspected case ensembles, 1584 post-simulation contamination events were recorded, from a maximum of 5110. Twelve post-doffing contamination events were also observed (face, two events; neck, one event; forearm, one event; lower legs, eight events). CONCLUSION All suspected case PPE ensembles either had post-doffing contamination events or other significant disadvantages to their use. This identified the need to design a unified PPE ensemble and doffing procedure, incorporating the most protective PPE considered for each body area. This work has been presented to, and reviewed by, key stakeholders to decide on a proposed unified ensemble, subject to further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hall
- Health and Safety Executive, Buxton, UK.
| | - B Poller
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Trusts, Sheffield, UK
| | - C Bailey
- Health and Safety Executive, Buxton, UK
| | - S Gregory
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Trusts, Sheffield, UK
| | - R Clark
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Trusts, Sheffield, UK
| | - P Roberts
- Health and Safety Executive, Buxton, UK
| | - A Tunbridge
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Trusts, Sheffield, UK
| | - V Poran
- Health and Safety Executive, Leeds, UK
| | - C Evans
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Trusts, Sheffield, UK
| | - B Crook
- Health and Safety Executive, Buxton, UK
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Walker G, Römann P, Poller B, Löbmann K, Grohganz H, Rooney JS, Huff GS, Smith GPS, Rades T, Gordon KC, Strachan CJ, Fraser-Miller SJ. Probing Pharmaceutical Mixtures during Milling: The Potency of Low-Frequency Raman Spectroscopy in Identifying Disorder. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:4675-4684. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Greg Walker
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Philipp Römann
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Bettina Poller
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Korbinian Löbmann
- Department
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Holger Grohganz
- Department
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeremy S. Rooney
- Dodd-Walls
Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Gregory S. Huff
- Dodd-Walls
Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Geoffrey P. S. Smith
- Dodd-Walls
Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Thomas Rades
- Department
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Keith C. Gordon
- Dodd-Walls
Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Clare J. Strachan
- Division
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sara J. Fraser-Miller
- Dodd-Walls
Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Poller B, Strachan C, Broadbent R, Walker GF. A minitablet formulation made from electrospun nanofibers. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 114:213-220. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Poller B, Kawar B, Raza M. Reactivation of hepatitis B virus infection with pazopanib: Lessons for all in caring for co-morbid patients. J Clin Virol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2016.08.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Steinert RE, Poller B, Castelli MC, Friedman K, Huber AR, Drewe J, Beglinger C. Orally administered glucagon-like peptide-1 affects glucose homeostasis following an oral glucose tolerance test in healthy male subjects. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2009; 86:644-50. [PMID: 19727071 DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2009.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) exerts several effects on glucose homeostasis and reduces food intake. After its release from intestinal L cells, GLP-1 is subject to (i) rapid breakdown by dipeptidyl peptidase IV and (ii) high liver extraction. The highest concentrations of GLP-1 are found in the splanchnic blood rather than in the systemic circulation. An oral delivery system would mimic endogenous secretion. Here we investigated the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) effects of a single dose (2 mg) of oral GLP-1 administered prior to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in 16 healthy males. GLP-1 was rapidly absorbed from the gut, leading to tenfold higher plasma concentrations compared with controls. The PD profile was consistent with reported pharmacology; GLP-1 significantly stimulated basal insulin release (P < 0.027), with marked effects on glucose levels. The postprandial glucose peak was delayed with GLP-1, suggesting an effect on gastric emptying.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Steinert
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Beglinger C, Poller B, Arbit E, Ganzoni C, Gass S, Gomez-Orellana I, Drewe J. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamic Effects of Oral GLP-1 and PYY3-36: A Proof-of-concept Study in Healthy Subjects. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2008; 84:468-74. [DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2008.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Poller B. Forensic odontology: a responsibility of the general practitioner. J Acad Gen Dent 1975; 23:33-6. [PMID: 1065656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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