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Lai PY, Liu H, Ng RJH, Wint Hnin Thet B, Chu HS, Teo JWR, Ong Q, Liu Y, Png CE. Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 inactivation using UV-C LEDs in public environments via ray-tracing simulation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22612. [PMID: 34799671 PMCID: PMC8605003 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02156-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper proposes an investigating SARS-CoV-2 inactivation on surfaces with UV-C LED irradiation using our in-house-developed ray-tracing simulator. The results are benchmarked with experiments and Zemax OpticStudio commercial software simulation to demonstrate our simulator's easy accessibility and high reliability. The tool can input the radiant profile of the flexible LED source and accurately yield the irradiance distribution emitted from an LED-based system in 3D environments. The UV-C operating space can be divided into the safe, buffer, and germicidal zones for setting up a UV-C LED system. Based on the published measurement data, the level of SARS-CoV-2 inactivation has been defined as a function of UV-C irradiation. A realistic case of public space, i.e., a food court in Singapore, has been numerically investigated to demonstrate the relative impact of environmental UV-C attenuation on the SARS-CoV-2 inactivation. We optimise a specific UV-C LED germicidal system and its corresponding exposure time according to the simulation results. These ray-tracing-based simulations provide a useful guideline for safe deployment and efficient design for germicidal UV-C LED technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yen Lai
- A*STAR Institute of High Performance Computing, Electronics and Photonics, 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16, Connexis, 138632, Singapore.
| | - Huizhe Liu
- A*STAR Institute of High Performance Computing, Electronics and Photonics, 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16, Connexis, 138632, Singapore
| | - Ray Jia Hong Ng
- A*STAR Institute of High Performance Computing, Electronics and Photonics, 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16, Connexis, 138632, Singapore
| | - Bianca Wint Hnin Thet
- A*STAR Institute of High Performance Computing, Electronics and Photonics, 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16, Connexis, 138632, Singapore
| | - Hong-Son Chu
- A*STAR Institute of High Performance Computing, Electronics and Photonics, 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16, Connexis, 138632, Singapore
| | - Jin Wah Ronnie Teo
- A*STAR Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-04, Innovis, 138634, Singapore
| | - Qunxiang Ong
- A*STAR Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, 11 Biopolis Way, #02-02, Helios, 138667, Singapore
| | - Yuanjie Liu
- A*STAR National Metrology Centre, 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-05, Innovis, 138634, Singapore
| | - Ching Eng Png
- A*STAR Institute of High Performance Computing, Electronics and Photonics, 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16, Connexis, 138632, Singapore
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