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Tian HX, Huang NW, Yao WQ, Yu HY, Yu BJ, Chen X, Chen C. Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of the Flavor Production Mechanism in Yogurt by Traditional Starter Strains. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00078-X. [PMID: 38331185 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Synergistic fermentation of milk by Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus is one of the key factors that determines the quality of yogurt. In this study, the mechanism whereby yogurt flavor compounds are produced by mixture of S. thermophilus SIT-20.S and L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus SIT-17.B were investigated by examining these strains' flavor production, growth, and gene transcription. The results showed that yogurt produced by a 10:1 mixture of the aforementioned strains had the highest abundance of acetoin, whereas yogurt produced by a 1:1 mixture had the highest abundance of diacetyl and acetaldehyde. In addition, the growth of S. thermophilus SIT-20.S was enhanced in the 10:1 mixture. Transcriptomic analysis revealed differentially expressed genes in the flavor-compound-related pathways of S. thermophilus SIT-20.S and L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus SIT-17.B in yogurts produced by 10:1 and 1:1 mixture compared with those produced by either strain alone. Mixed fermentations regulated the expression of genes related to glycolysis, resulting in an increase of pyruvate, which is an important precursor for diacetyl and acetoin synthesis. The gene encoding the acetoin reductase (SIT-20S_orf01454) was decreased in S. thermophilus SIT-20.S, which ensured the accumulation of acetoin. Besides, gene encoding the acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (SIT-20S_orf00949) was upregulated in S. thermophilus SIT-20.S, and the expression of alcohol dehydrogenase (SIT-20S_orf01479; SIT-17B_orf00943) was downregulated in both strains, maintaining the abundance of acetaldehyde. In addition, the gene encoding the NADH oxidase (SIT-17B_orf00860) in L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus SIT-17.B were upregulated, which promoted the accumulation of diacetyl and acetoin. In conclusion, we characterized the mechanism by which S. thermophilus and L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus synergistically generated yogurt flavor compounds during their production of yogurt and highlighted the importance of appropriate proportions of fermentation starters for improving the flavor of yogurts.
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Affiliation(s)
- H X Tian
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, People's Republic of China
| | - N W Huang
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, People's Republic of China
| | - W Q Yao
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, People's Republic of China
| | - H Y Yu
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, People's Republic of China
| | - B J Yu
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, People's Republic of China
| | - X Chen
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, People's Republic of China
| | - C Chen
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, People's Republic of China.
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Peng XQ, Ai YJ, Pu YT, Wang XJ, Li YH, Wang Z, Zhuang WB, Yu BJ, Zhu ZQ. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses reveal molecular mechanisms of anthocyanin-related leaf color variation in poplar ( Populus deltoides) cultivars. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1103468. [PMID: 36909390 PMCID: PMC9998943 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1103468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Colored-leaf plants are increasingly popular for their aesthetic, ecological, and social value, which are important materials for research on the regulation of plant pigments. However, anthocyanin components and the molecular mechanisms of anthocyanin biosynthesis in colored-leaf poplar remain unclear. Consequently, an integrative analysis of transcriptome and metabolome is performed to identify the key metabolic pathways and key genes, which could contribute to the molecular mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis in the colored-leaf cultivars poplar. METHODS In this study, integrated metabolite and transcriptome analysis was performed to explore the anthocyanin composition and the specific regulatory network of anthocyanin biosynthesis in the purple leaves of the cultivars 'Quanhong' (QHP) and 'Zhongshanyuan' (ZSY). Correlation analysis between RNA-seq data and metabolite profiles were also performed to explore the candidate genes associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis. R2R3-MYB and bHLH TFs with differential expression levels were used to perform a correlation analysis with differentially accumulated anthocyanins. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A total of 39 anthocyanin compounds were detected by LC-MS/MS analysis. Twelve cyanidins, seven pelargonidins, five delphinidins, and five procyanidins were identified as the major anthocyanin compounds, which were differentially accumulated in purple leaves of QHP and ZSY. The major genes associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis, including structural genes and transcription factors, were differentially expressed in purple leaves of QHP and ZSY through RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data analysis, which was consistent with quantitative real-time PCR analysis results. Correlation analysis between RNA-seq data and metabolite profiles showed that the expression patterns of certain differentially expressed genes in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway were strongly correlated with the differential accumulation of anthocyanins. One R2R3-MYB subfamily member in the SG5 subgroup, Podel.04G021100, showed a similar expression pattern to some structural genes. This gene was strongly correlated with 16 anthocyanin compounds, indicating that Podel.04G021100 might be involved in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis. These results contribute to a systematic and comprehensive understanding of anthocyanin accumulation and to the molecular mechanisms of anthocyanin biosynthesis in QHP and ZSY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Qian Peng
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yu Jie Ai
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yu Ting Pu
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiao Jing Wang
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yu Hang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Bing Zhuang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Laizhou, Ornamental Research Center, Hongshun Plum Planting Technology Co., Ltd, Yantai, China
| | - Bing Jun Yu
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi Qi Zhu
- Laizhou, Ornamental Research Center, Hongshun Plum Planting Technology Co., Ltd, Yantai, China
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Chen SL, Zhu CC, Liu YQ, Tang LJ, Yi L, Yu BJ, Wang DJ. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Genetically Modified with the Angiopoietin-1 Gene Enhanced Arteriogenesis in a Porcine Model of Chronic Myocardial Ischaemia. J Int Med Res 2009; 37:68-78. [PMID: 19215675 DOI: 10.1177/147323000903700108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The direct injection by thoracoscope of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that had been genetically modified to express angiopoietin-1 was investigated in a porcine model to determine their effect on arteriogenesis and the effectiveness of this technique. Chronic myocardial ischaemia was established using a thoracoscope to insert an ameroid constrictor around the left circumflex coronary artery. Six weeks after establishing the ischaemia, 20 pigs were randomly divided into three groups to receive injections by thoracoscope of either genetically-modified MSCs, unmodified MSCs or phosphate-buffered saline into the ischaemic border area. The injections were repeated 1 month later. The genetically modified MSCs were found to restore blood flow significantly more than the other observed treatments and immunohistochemical evaluation of arteriogenesis supported this finding. In conclusion, the injection of MSCs that had been genetically modified to express angiopoietin-1 improved arteriogenesis and increased collateral blood flow in the myocardial ischaemic area. Thoracoscope delivery of the injection was safe and minimally invasive.
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Affiliation(s)
- SL Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Tai-Zhou Hospital, Lin-Hai, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - CC Zhu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Tai-Zhou Hospital, Lin-Hai, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - YQ Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Fu-Wai Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - LJ Tang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Tai-Zhou Hospital, Lin-Hai, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - L Yi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - BJ Yu
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - DJ Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Abstract
Clinical and experimental studies have shown that delayed fluid resuscitation postburn decreases heart function. We hypothesized that apoptosis occurs in the cardiomyocyte in this condition. To investigate this hypothesis, rats were burned, fluid resuscitation was delayed, and the integrity of cardiac genomic DNA in the burned rats was determined with an LM-PCR Ladder Assay kit. DNA fragmentation shown as DNA ladders on gels, the hallmark of apoptosis, was found in the heart tissue of these rats. In the early phase of delayed fluid resuscitation, the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) was examined using an electrophoretic mobility shift assay and was found to be activated. In comparison with burned rats with immediate fluid resuscitation, nitric oxide levels in hearts from burned rats with delayed fluid resuscitation were significantly lower (P<0.01). These results suggest that apoptosis may be an important pathway for cardiac injury, which may result from the activation of NF-kappa B and decreased nitric oxide levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Q Wang
- Burns Centre, Changhai Hospital, 200433, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Chen SY, Yu BJ, Liang YQ, Lin WD. Platelet aggregation, platelet cAMP levels and thromboxane B2 synthesis in patients with diabetes mellitus. Chin Med J (Engl) 1990; 103:312-8. [PMID: 2167823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet aggregation, platelet cAMP levels and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) synthesis had been investigated in 40 diabetics (20 with microangiopathy and 20 without) and 24 normal controls. The washed platelets, but not platelet rich plasma (PRP), from the diabetics show greater sensitivity to aggregation in response to thrombin, collagen and arachidonic acid than controls (P less than 0.05). Platelets from the diabetics contain the significantly decreased cAMP levels (P less than 0.01) and synthesize the significantly greater amount of TXB2 (P less than 0.01) when induced by thrombin or collagen. Conversion of exogenously added arachidonic acid to TXB2 remained unchanged (P greater than 0.05). cAMP levels in platelets from the diabetics exhibited a significant negative linear correlation with thrombin- and collagen-induced TXB2 synthesis. There was no significant difference in platelet aggregation, platelet cAMP levels and platelet TXB2 synthesis between the diabetics with and without microangiopathy. It was suggested that in the diabetic platelets: The observed increase in platelet thromboxane A2 (TXA2) synthesis should be due to the increased activity of arachidonic acid-metabolizing system, most likely at phospholipase site; the elevated platelet TXA2 levels should inhibit platelet membrane-associated adenylate cyclase which lowered the cAMP levels in platelets; and this alternation should be the mechanism of platelet hyperaggregability, which might contribute in some way to diabetic microangiopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Chen
- Research Unit of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou
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Yu BJ, Xu NS, Zhang JR. [Effects of microiontophoretically applied flurazepam on the respiratory units in the region of the nucleus parabrachialis of the rabbit]. Sheng Li Xue Bao 1989; 41:40-8. [PMID: 2762831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Experiments were carried out on 36 urethane-chloralose aneasthesized, paralyzed, vagotomized and artificially ventilated rabbits. Five-barrel glass micropipettes were used to record unit discharges and to apply flurazepam iontophoretically in the region of the nucleus parabrachialis. Inspiratory units (IUs), expiratory units (EUs), phase-spanning units (I-EUs and E-IUs) and non-respiratory units (NRUs) were observed. 26 (55.3%) out of 47 IUs, 17 (94.4%) out of 18 EUs, 11 (91.7%) out of 12 I-EUs, 2 (18.1%) out of 11 E-IUs and 43 (60.6%) out of 71 NRUs were depressed by flurazepam. The depressant ratio of EUs and I-EUs was statistically different from that of IUs and E-IUs respectively. In flurazepam sensitive 5 IUs and 2 EUs, the depressant effect could not be antagonized by GABA-A receptor antagonist bicuculline. In 10 flurazepam sensitive NRUs, there were 6 (60%) units whose depressant effect of flurazepam could be antagonized by bicuculline. In addition, the effects of acetylcholine (ACh) on the respiratory units and NRUs were examined, 15 (75%) out of 20 IUs were excited and the remaining units were not influenced. The effects of ACh on the EUs, I-EUs and E-IUs were variable, but the effects of ACh on the NRUs were mainly excitatory. In 5 IUs and 1 phase-spanning respiratory units, the depressant effect of flurazepam could not be antagonized by ACh. The results showed that flurazepam mainly depressed the EUs and I-EUs in the region of nucleus parabrachialis, thus interfering with the normal phase transition between the inspiratory and expiratory phase and reducing the respiratory rate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Luo SJ, Du CS, Yu BJ, Liang YQ, Tokunaga K, Omoto K. Genetic polymorphism of properdin factor B (BF) in Chinese patients with two types of diabetes mellitus. Jinrui Idengaku Zasshi 1986; 31:259-62. [PMID: 3644938 DOI: 10.1007/bf01870756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Xu NS, Zheng WA, Yu BJ, Zhang JR. [Respiratory depression following microinjection or intrathecal injection of flurazepam in rabbits]. Sheng Li Xue Bao 1986; 38:422-9. [PMID: 3798134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Yu BJ. [Rating standards for the control of diabetic conditions]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 1984; 64:159-60. [PMID: 6432267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Yu BJ. [Chromatographic measurement of glycosylated hemoglobin Alc and its application in the management of diabetes mellitus]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 1983; 63:143-6. [PMID: 6409374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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