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Angelakakis G, Serraneau KS, Barker VR, Callahan BM, Tong WL, Zaman S, Huda TI, Blanck G. TCR gene segment usage and HLA alleles that are associated with cancer survival rates also represent racial disparities. Int J Immunogenet 2023; 50:41-47. [PMID: 36585798 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Understanding racial disparities in cancer outcomes continues to be a challenge, with likely many factors at play, including socioeconomic factors and genetic polymorphisms impacting basic cellular and molecular functions. Additionally, it is possible that specific combinations of environment and genetics have specific impacts. T-cell receptor (TCR) gene segment usage, HLA allele combinations have been associated with autoimmune and infectious disease courses, and more recently, TCR gene segment usage, HLA allele combinations have been associated with distinct survival outcomes in cancer as well. We examined several such, previously reported cancer-related TCR gene segment usage, HLA allele combinations for evidence of racial disparities, with regard to the prevalence of the combination in different racial groups. Results indicated that TCR gene segment usage, potentially reflecting environmental factors related to previous pathogen exposure, in combination with certain HLA alleles or independently, may represent a novel explanation for racial disparities in cancer outcomes. Overall, at this point, a genetic connection to racial disparities in cancer outcomes is detectable but remains modest, suggesting that other factors, such as socioeconomic factors, remain as important considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Angelakakis
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Karisa S Serraneau
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Vayda R Barker
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Blake M Callahan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Wei Lue Tong
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Saif Zaman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Taha I Huda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - George Blanck
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA.,Immunology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
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Yeagley M, Chobrutskiy BI, Gozlan EC, Medikonda N, Patel DN, Falasiri S, Callahan BM, Huda T, Blanck G. Electrostatic Complementarity of T-Cell Receptor-Alpha CDR3 Domains and Mutant Amino Acids Is Associated with Better Survival Rates for Sarcomas. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2021; 38:251-264. [PMID: 33616477 DOI: 10.1080/08880018.2020.1843576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
While sarcoma immunology has advanced with regard to basic, and even some applied topics, this disease has not been subject to more recent immunogenomics approaches. Thus, we assessed the immune receptor recombinations available from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) sarcoma database via tumor sample exome and RNASeq files. Results indicated that recovery of T-cell receptor-alpha recombination reads (TRA) correlated with a better survival rate, with the expression of T-cell biomarkers, and with tumor sample apoptosis signatures consistent with the longer patient survival times. Furthermore, samples representing TRA complementarity determining region-3 (CDR3) net charge per residue (NCPR) based complementarity with the corresponding sarcoma mutanome had a better survival rate, and more granzyme expression, than samples lacking such complementarity. By specifically using RNASeq-recovered TRA CDR3s and related NCPR assessments, three genes, TP53, ATRX, and RB1, were identified as being key components of the mutanome-based complementarity. Thus, these genes may represent key immune system targets for soft tissue sarcomas. Also, several key results from above were reproduced with a pediatric osteosarcoma dataset, work that led to identification of MUC6 mutations as potentially linked to a strong immune response. In sum, TRA CDR3s are likely to be important prognostic indicators, and possibly a beginning tool for immunotherapy development strategies, for adult and pediatric sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Yeagley
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Boris I Chobrutskiy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Etienne C Gozlan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Nikhila Medikonda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Dhruv N Patel
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Shayan Falasiri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Blake M Callahan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Taha Huda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - George Blanck
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA.,Immunology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
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Zaman S, Chobrutskiy BI, Patel JS, Callahan BM, Mihyu M, Diviney A, Tong WL, Blanck G. Abstract B12: Potential neoantigen release and increased lymphocyte activity is facilitated by matrix metalloproteinase-dependent cleavage of mutant matrisome peptides in cutaneous melanoma. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.mel2019-b12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Proteases in the cancer microenvironment have been studied for decades, with a general conclusion that such proteases facilitate the spread of cancer, although there is some controversy regrading that conclusion in later stages of cancer development. More recently, a very large collection of data regarding mutant amino acids in the potential substrates of the cancer microenvironment has become available.
Methods: To better understand the potential impact of these mutant amino acids on protease function and cancer progression, we established a bioinformatics approach to assessing the impact of melanoma mutants, among a previously defined set of ECM structural proteins, on MMP2, a protease extensively associated with melanoma in terms of both protease sensitivity and MHC class I binding using original software. Additionally, T-cell receptor TRα and TRβ recombinations were bioinformatically obtained using whole-exome sequencing data from 479 melanoma tumor samples.
Results: Tumor samples with mutant amino acids adjacent to ECM structural protein, MMP2-cleavage sites represented a better survival rate and a larger proportion of mutant peptides with high HLA class I binding affinities, particularly in comparison to melanoma samples lacking a T-cell infiltrate. Furthermore, even better MHC class I binders, as a group, were identified among the sample representing ECM structural proteins mutants not adjacent to MMP2 sensitive sites and evincing a relatively poor survival rate.
Conclusion: Overall, this analysis suggested that MMP2 has the capacity of freeing mutant peptides that could facilitate an antitumor response and a better survival rate, and this analysis has the potential of resolving some of the controversy surrounding the role of cancer proteases in cancer progression.
Citation Format: Saif Zaman, Boris I. Chobrutskiy, Jay S. Patel, Blake M. Callahan, Moody Mihyu, Andrea Diviney, Wei Lue Tong, George Blanck. Potential neoantigen release and increased lymphocyte activity is facilitated by matrix metalloproteinase-dependent cleavage of mutant matrisome peptides in cutaneous melanoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Melanoma: From Biology to Target; 2019 Jan 15-18; Houston, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(19 Suppl):Abstract nr B12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saif Zaman
- University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL
| | | | - Jay S. Patel
- University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL
| | | | - Moody Mihyu
- University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL
| | - Andrea Diviney
- University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL
| | - Wei Lue Tong
- University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL
| | - George Blanck
- University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL
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Tu YN, Tong WL, Callahan BM, Chobrutskiy BI, Blanck G. B-cell Receptor Recombinations in Lung Adenocarcinoma Exome Files Correlate With a Higher Overall Survival Rate. Anticancer Res 2020; 40:2043-2051. [PMID: 32234895 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.14161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM While there has been a rapid development in genomic data mining approaches for T-cell receptor recombinations (TcR), less emphasis has been placed on B-cell receptor (BcR) recombinations. MATERIALS AND METHODS We obtained lung cancer exome files from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) and mined the files for TcR and BcR recombination reads. RESULTS There was a robust detection of BcR light chain recombination reads in lung adenocarcinoma (TCGA-LUAD) samples, and there was a correlation between the detection of light chain recombination reads and a more favorable outcome. This result was supported by analyses of the expression of B-cell markers as indicated by LUAD RNASeq files. CONCLUSION BcR and TcR recombination reads recovered from LUAD WXS files, either alone or in combination with the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) type, are likely to have prognostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping N Tu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, U.S.A
| | - Wei Lue Tong
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, U.S.A
| | - Blake M Callahan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, U.S.A
| | - Boris I Chobrutskiy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, U.S.A
| | - George Blanck
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, U.S.A. .,Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, U.S.A
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Roca AM, Chobrutskiy BI, Callahan BM, Blanck G. T-cell receptor V and J usage paired with specific HLA alleles associates with distinct cervical cancer survival rates. Hum Immunol 2019; 80:237-242. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Patel JS, Callahan BM, Chobrutskiy BI, Blanck G. Matrix-Metalloprotease Resistant Mucin-16 (MUC16) Peptide Mutants Represent a Worse Lung Adenocarcinoma Outcome. Proteomics Clin Appl 2019; 13:e1800155. [PMID: 30790454 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201800155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The relationship of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD)-specific proteases and the mutant profile of cytoskeletal and extracellular matrix proteins (CECMPs) are examined. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Mutant CECMPs are assessed with an automated application of a protease binding, amino acid-based, scoring database. RESULTS MUC16 (Human Genome Organization symbol for mucin-16 gene) mutants in particular are, more often than not, resistant to matrix-metalloproteases (MMPs) commonly secreted by LUAD cells, and LUAD cases representing the MUC16, MMP resistant mutants have a worse outcome. Similar results are obtained for MUC16 mutants resistant to cathepsins, also commonly secreted by LUAD cells. Analyses also show that MUC16, MMP resistant peptide mutants have greater binding affinities to HLA-A and HLA-B when compared to MUC16, MMP nonresistant peptide mutants. CONCLUSION These results provide a potential, novel biomarker for lung cancer progression, in particular, protease resistant MUC16 peptides; and suggest a possible mechanism of immune escape entailing the reduction of mutant peptides available for HLA class I binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay S Patel
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, 33612, FL, USA
| | - Blake M Callahan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, 33612, FL, USA
| | - Boris I Chobrutskiy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, 33612, FL, USA
| | - George Blanck
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, 33612, FL, USA.,Immunology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, 33612, FL, USA
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Clark KR, Tong WL, Callahan BM, Yavorski JM, Tu YN, Blanck G. TRB-J1 usage, in combination with the HLA-A*01:01 allele, represents an apparent survival advantage for uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma: Comparisons with microscopic assessments of lymphocyte infiltrates. Int J Immunogenet 2018; 46:31-37. [PMID: 30474304 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The opportunity for the highly efficient recovery of immune receptor recombination data from cancer specimens, including the ready assessment of immune receptor V and J usage, raises the issue of establishing precise values of assessing the immune receptor status as opposed to obtaining basic information regarding lymphocyte infiltration, in the cancer setting. In this report, we obtained the lymphocyte infiltration percentages from the cancer digital slide archive representing uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC) and correlated these data with recovery of the immune receptor recombination reads from corresponding UCEC exome files. Results indicated a basic correlation of the recovery of productive T-cell receptor beta (TRB) recombination reads with lymphocyte infiltration percentages. However, the recovery of specific immune receptor recombination reads did not indicate the same survival outcomes as microscope detection of lymphocyte infiltrate percentages. To further exploit the value of recovery of the TRB recombination reads from the UCEC exome files, we determined the survival outcomes for combinations of TRB gene segment usage and HLA class I alleles, with the most important result being that the combination of HLA-A*01:01 and TRB-J1 segment usage reflected a strikingly high survival rate. Overall, this report emphasized the increased value of the knowledge of the immune receptor recombinations, in comparison with basic lymphocyte infiltration percentages, in assessing cancer survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendall R Clark
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Wei Lue Tong
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Blake M Callahan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - John M Yavorski
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Yaping N Tu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - George Blanck
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida.,Immunology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
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Zaman S, Chobrutskiy BI, Patel JS, Callahan BM, Blanck G. P081 ST14 protease resistant peptides, from glioblastoma multiforme mutant proteins, represent higher binding affinities as potential HLA class I epitopes. Hum Immunol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2018.07.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Tong WL, Callahan BM, Tu YN, Zaman S, Chobrutskiy BI, Blanck G. Immune receptor recombinations from breast cancer exome files, independently and in combination with specific HLA alleles, correlate with better survival rates. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2018; 173:167-177. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-018-4961-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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10
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Zaman S, Chobrutskiy BI, Patel JS, Callahan BM, Tong WL, Blanck G. Mutant cytoskeletal and ECM peptides sensitive to the ST14 protease are associated with a worse outcome for glioblastoma multiforme. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:2218-2225. [PMID: 29953855 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.06.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We previously identified a set of the most frequently mutated cytoskeleton- and extracellular matrix-related proteins (CECMPs) in numerous cancer datasets. In this report, we used a bioinformatics approach to assess the impact of amino acid (AA) substitutions on the sensitivity of CECMPs to the ST14 protease (matriptase I), a transmembrane serine protease previously implicated in cancer development. Results indicated that AA substitutions in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) CECMPs are skewed toward increased resistance to the ST14 protease, in comparison to the wild-type peptide sequence. Furthermore, the protease resistant AA substitutions represent relatively high binding affinities to HLA class I proteins, when assessing the binding specificities using HLA class I alleles matched to the source of the mutant AA. Moreover, samples representing AA substitutions that increased protease sensitivity also represented reduced overall and disease-free survival periods for patients with glioblastoma. To assess tumor specimen immunogenicity, we identified T-cell receptor (TCR) V(D)J recombinations in GBM exome files. The overlap between ST14 protease sensitive mutant barcodes and the TCR V(D)J recombination read positive barcodes represented significantly reduced survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saif Zaman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Boris I Chobrutskiy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jay S Patel
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Blake M Callahan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Wei Lue Tong
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - George Blanck
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Immunology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.
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Callahan BM, Yavorski JM, Tu YN, Tong WL, Kinskey JC, Clark KR, Fawcett TJ, Blanck G. T-cell receptor-β V and J usage, in combination with particular HLA class I and class II alleles, correlates with cancer survival patterns. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2018; 67:885-892. [PMID: 29508024 PMCID: PMC11028132 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-018-2139-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Class I and class II HLA proteins, respectively, have been associated with subsets of V(D)J usage resulting from recombination of the T-cell receptor (TCR) genes. Additionally, particular HLA alleles, in combination with dominant TCR V(D)J recombinations, have been associated with several autoimmune diseases. The recovery of TCR recombination reads from tumor specimen exome files has allowed rapid and extensive assessments of V(D)J usage, likely for cancer resident T-cells, across relatively large cancer datasets. The results from this approach, in this report, have permitted an extensive alignment of TCR-β VDJ usage and HLA class I and II alleles. Results indicate the correlation of both better and worse cancer survival rates with particular TCR-β, V and J usage-HLA allele combinations, with differences in median survival times ranging from 7 to 130 months, depending on the cancer and the specific TCR-β V and J usage/HLA class allele combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake M Callahan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Bd. MDC7, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - John M Yavorski
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Bd. MDC7, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Yaping N Tu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Bd. MDC7, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Wei Lue Tong
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Bd. MDC7, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Jacob C Kinskey
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Bd. MDC7, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Kendall R Clark
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Bd. MDC7, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | | | - George Blanck
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Bd. MDC7, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
- Immunology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.
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Callahan BM, Patel JS, Fawcett TJ, Blanck G. Cytoskeleton and
ECM
tumor mutant peptides: Increased protease sensitivities and potential consequences for the
HLA
class
I
mutant epitope reservoir. Int J Cancer 2017; 142:988-998. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Blake M. Callahan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of MedicineTampa Florida
| | - Jay S. Patel
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of MedicineTampa Florida
| | | | - George Blanck
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of MedicineTampa Florida
- Immunology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer and Research InstituteTampa Florida
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Callahan BM, Hutchinson KA, Armstrong AL, Keller LS. A comparison of four methods for sterilizing surgical instruments for rodent surgery. Contemp Top Lab Anim Sci 1995; 34:57-60. [PMID: 16457569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B M Callahan
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA
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Callahan BM. Armed America: demands on the EMS system. Emerg Med Serv 1990; 19:24-6. [PMID: 10107796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B M Callahan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore
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Abstract
Previous studies have shown that large hippocampal lesions increase the gastric pathology found in restrained and unrestrained animals. The present experiments investigated the effects of lesions in the two major afferent and efferent pathways of the hippocampus, i.e., the dorsal pathway through the fimbria-fornix and the ventral pathway in the entorhinal region, on gastric pathology in restrained and unrestrained rats. Result demonstrated that lesions in the ventral pathway produced an increased incidence of pathology whereas lesions in the fimbria-fornix did not. Neuroanatomical pathways which may mediate these effects are described
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