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Grote A, Piscon B, Manson AL, Adani B, Cohen H, Livny J, Earl AM, Gal-Mor O. Persistent Salmonella infections in humans are associated with mutations in the BarA/SirA regulatory pathway. Cell Host Microbe 2024; 32:79-92.e7. [PMID: 38211565 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Several bacterial pathogens, including Salmonella enterica, can cause persistent infections in humans by mechanisms that are poorly understood. By comparing genomes of isolates longitudinally collected from 256 prolonged salmonellosis patients, we identified repeated mutations in global regulators, including the barA/sirA two-component regulatory system, across multiple patients and Salmonella serovars. Comparative RNA-seq analysis revealed that distinct mutations in barA/sirA led to diminished expression of Salmonella pathogenicity islands 1 and 4 genes, which are required for Salmonella invasion and enteritis. Moreover, barA/sirA mutants were attenuated in an acute salmonellosis mouse model and induced weaker transcription of host immune responses. In contrast, in a persistent infection mouse model, these mutants exhibited long-term colonization and prolonged shedding. Taken together, these findings suggest that selection of mutations in global virulence regulators facilitates persistent Salmonella infection in humans, by attenuating Salmonella virulence and inducing a weaker host inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Grote
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Bar Piscon
- Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Abigail L Manson
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Boaz Adani
- Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Helit Cohen
- Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Jonathan Livny
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Ashlee M Earl
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Ohad Gal-Mor
- Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Cohen H, Adani B, Cohen E, Piscon B, Azriel S, Desai P, Bähre H, McClelland M, Rahav G, Gal-Mor O. The ancestral stringent response potentiator, DksA has been adapted throughout Salmonella evolution to orchestrate the expression of metabolic, motility, and virulence pathways. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:1997294. [PMID: 34923900 PMCID: PMC8726615 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1997294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
DksA is a conserved RNA polymerase-binding protein known to play a key role in the stringent response of proteobacteria species, including many gastrointestinal pathogens. Here, we used RNA-sequencing of Escherichia coli, Salmonella bongori and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, together with phenotypic comparison to study changes in the DksA regulon, during Salmonella evolution. Comparative RNA-sequencing showed that under non-starved conditions, DksA controls the expression of 25%, 15%, and 20% of the E. coli, S. bongori, and S. enterica genes, respectively, indicating that DksA is a pleiotropic regulator, expanding its role beyond the canonical stringent response. We demonstrate that DksA is required for the growth of these three enteric bacteria species in minimal medium and controls the expression of the TCA cycle, glycolysis, pyrimidine biosynthesis, and quorum sensing. Interestingly, at multiple steps during Salmonella evolution, the type I fimbriae and various virulence genes encoded within SPIs 1, 2, 4, 5, and 11 have been transcriptionally integrated under the ancestral DksA regulon. Consequently, we show that DksA is necessary for host cells invasion by S. Typhimurium and S. bongori and for intracellular survival of S. Typhimurium in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM). Moreover, we demonstrate regulatory inversion of the conserved motility-chemotaxis regulon by DksA, which acts as a negative regulator in E. coli, but activates this pathway in S. bongori and S. enterica. Overall, this study demonstrates the regulatory assimilation of multiple horizontally acquired virulence genes under the DksA regulon and provides new insights into the evolution of virulence genes regulation in Salmonella spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helit Cohen
- Sheba Medical Center, The Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Boaz Adani
- Sheba Medical Center, The Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Emiliano Cohen
- Sheba Medical Center, The Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Bar Piscon
- Sheba Medical Center, The Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Tel-Hashomer, Israel,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shalhevet Azriel
- Sheba Medical Center, The Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Prerak Desai
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Raritan, New Jersey, USA,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Heike Bähre
- Hannover Medical School, Research Core Unit Metabolomics, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael McClelland
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Galia Rahav
- Sheba Medical Center, The Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Tel-Hashomer, Israel,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ohad Gal-Mor
- Sheba Medical Center, The Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Tel-Hashomer, Israel,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel,Contact Ohad Gal-Mor The Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory Sheba Medical Cente, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
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Volinsky E, Lazmi-Hailu A, Cohen N, Adani B, Faroja M, Grunewald M, Gorodetsky R. Alleviation of acute radiation-induced bone marrow failure in mice with human fetal placental stromal cell therapy. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:337. [PMID: 32746939 PMCID: PMC7397607 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01850-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Selected placental mesenchymal stromal cells isolated from the fetal mesenchymal placental tissues (f-hPSCs) were tested as cell therapy of lethal acute radiation syndrome (ARS) with bone marrow regeneration and induced extramedullary hematopoiesis. Methods and materials f-hPSCs were isolated from the chorionic plate of human placentae and further expanded in regular culture conditions. 2 × 106 f-hPSCs were injected on days 1 and 4 to 8-Gy total body irradiated (TBI) C3H mice, both intramuscularly and subcutaneously. Pre-splenectomized TBI mice were used to test the involvement of extramedullary spleen hematopoiesis in the f-hPSC-induced hematopoiesis recovery in the TBI mice. Weight and survival of the mice were followed up within the morbid period of up to 23 days following irradiation. The role of hematopoietic progenitors in the recovery of treated mice was evaluated by flow cytometry, blood cell counts, and assay of possibly relevant growth factors. Results and conclusions The survival rate of all groups of TBI f-hPSC-treated mice at the end of the follow-up was dramatically elevated from < 10% in untreated to ~ 80%, with a parallel regain of body weight, bone marrow (BM) recovery, and elevated circulating progenitors of blood cell lineages. Blood erythropoietin levels were elevated in all f-hPSC-treated mice. Extramedullary splenic hematopoiesis was recorded in the f-hPSC-treated mice, though splenectomized mice still had similar survival rate. Our findings suggest that the indirect f-hPSC life-saving therapy of ARS may also be applied for treating other conditions with a failure of the hematopoietic system and severe pancytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia Volinsky
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Radiobiology, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, POB 12000, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel.,IMRIC-Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Hebrew University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 12271, 91121, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Astar Lazmi-Hailu
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Radiobiology, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, POB 12000, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nerel Cohen
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Radiobiology, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, POB 12000, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Boaz Adani
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Radiobiology, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, POB 12000, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mohammad Faroja
- General Surgery, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Myriam Grunewald
- IMRIC-Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Hebrew University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 12271, 91121, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Raphael Gorodetsky
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Radiobiology, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, POB 12000, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel.
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