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Tamlander M, Jermy B, Seppälä TT, Färkkilä M, Widén E, Ripatti S, Mars N. Genome-wide polygenic risk scores for colorectal cancer have implications for risk-based screening. Br J Cancer 2024; 130:651-659. [PMID: 38172535 PMCID: PMC10876651 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02536-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary factors, including single genetic variants and family history, can be used for targeting colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, but limited data exist on the impact of polygenic risk scores (PRS) on risk-based CRC screening. METHODS Using longitudinal health and genomics data on 453,733 Finnish individuals including 8801 CRC cases, we estimated the impact of a genome-wide CRC PRS on CRC screening initiation age through population-calibrated incidence estimation over the life course in men and women. RESULTS Compared to the cumulative incidence of CRC at age 60 in Finland (the current age for starting screening in Finland), a comparable cumulative incidence was reached 5 and 11 years earlier in persons with high PRS (80-99% and >99%, respectively), while those with a low PRS (< 20%) reached comparable incidence 7 years later. The PRS was associated with increased risk of post-colonoscopy CRC after negative colonoscopy (hazard ratio 1.76 per PRS SD, 95% CI 1.54-2.01). Moreover, the PRS predicted colorectal adenoma incidence and improved incident CRC risk prediction over non-genetic risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that a CRC PRS can be used for risk stratification of CRC, with further research needed to optimally integrate the PRS into risk-based screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Tamlander
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bradley Jermy
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Toni T Seppälä
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, University of Tampere and TAYS Cancer Centre, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Gastroenterology and Alimentary Tract Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Martti Färkkilä
- Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elisabeth Widén
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Clinicum, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nina Mars
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Hartonen T, Jermy B, Sõnajalg H, Vartiainen P, Krebs K, Vabalas A, Leino T, Nohynek H, Sivelä J, Mägi R, Daly M, Ollila HM, Milani L, Perola M, Ripatti S, Ganna A. Nationwide health, socio-economic and genetic predictors of COVID-19 vaccination status in Finland. Nat Hum Behav 2023:10.1038/s41562-023-01591-z. [PMID: 37081098 PMCID: PMC10365990 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01591-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Understanding factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination can highlight issues in public health systems. Using machine learning, we considered the effects of 2,890 health, socio-economic and demographic factors in the entire Finnish population aged 30-80 and genome-wide information from 273,765 individuals. The strongest predictors of vaccination status were labour income and medication purchase history. Mental health conditions and having unvaccinated first-degree relatives were associated with reduced vaccination. A prediction model combining all predictors achieved good discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.801; 95% confidence interval, 0.799-0.803). The 1% of individuals with the highest predicted risk of not vaccinating had an observed vaccination rate of 18.8%, compared with 90.3% in the study population. We identified eight genetic loci associated with vaccination uptake and derived a polygenic score, which was a weak predictor in an independent subset. Our results suggest that individuals at higher risk of suffering the worst consequences of COVID-19 are also less likely to vaccinate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuomo Hartonen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bradley Jermy
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Sõnajalg
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Pekka Vartiainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristi Krebs
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Andrius Vabalas
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuija Leino
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Nohynek
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jonas Sivelä
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mark Daly
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hanna M Ollila
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center of Genomic Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lili Milani
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Markus Perola
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andrea Ganna
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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3
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Arathimos R, Fabbri C, Vassos E, Davis KAS, Pain O, Gillett A, Coleman JRI, Hanscombe K, Hagenaars S, Jermy B, Corbett A, Ballard C, Aarsland D, Creese B, Lewis CM. Latent subtypes of manic and/or irritable episode symptoms in two population-based cohorts. Br J Psychiatry 2022; 221:722-731. [PMID: 35049489 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2021.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mood disorders are characterised by pronounced symptom heterogeneity, which presents a substantial challenge both to clinical practice and research. Identification of subgroups of individuals with homogeneous symptom profiles that cut across current diagnostic categories could provide insights in to the transdiagnostic relevance of individual symptoms, which current categorical diagnostic systems cannot impart. AIMS To identify groups of people with homogeneous clinical characteristics, using symptoms of manic and/or irritable mood, and explore differences between groups in diagnoses, functional outcomes and genetic liability. METHOD We used latent class analysis on eight binary self-reported symptoms of manic and irritable mood in the UK Biobank and PROTECT studies, to investigate how individuals formed latent subgroups. We tested associations between the latent classes and diagnoses of psychiatric disorders, sociodemographic characteristics and polygenic risk scores. RESULTS Five latent classes were derived in UK Biobank (N = 42 183) and were replicated in the independent PROTECT cohort (N = 4445), including 'minimally affected', 'inactive restless', active restless', 'focused creative' and 'extensively affected' individuals. These classes differed in disorder risk, polygenic risk score and functional outcomes. One class that experienced disruptive episodes of mostly irritable mood largely comprised cases of depression/anxiety, and a class of individuals with increased confidence/creativity reported comparatively lower disruptiveness and functional impairment. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that data-driven investigations of psychopathological symptoms that include sub-diagnostic threshold conditions can complement research of clinical diagnoses. Improved classification systems of psychopathology could investigate a weighted approach to symptoms, toward a more dimensional classification of mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Arathimos
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; and NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, UK
| | - Chiara Fabbri
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; and Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Evangelos Vassos
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; and NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, UK
| | - Katrina A S Davis
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, UK; and Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Oliver Pain
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; and NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, UK
| | - Alexandra Gillett
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Jonathan R I Coleman
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; and NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, UK
| | - Ken Hanscombe
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; and NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, UK
| | - Saskia Hagenaars
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Bradley Jermy
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; and NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, UK
| | - Anne Corbett
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Clive Ballard
- Medical School, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, UK
| | - Dag Aarsland
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; and Centre for Age-Related Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Norway
| | - Byron Creese
- Medical School, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, UK
| | - Cathryn M Lewis
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, UK; and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, UK
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4
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Arathimos R, Fabbri C, Vassos E, Davis KAS, Pain O, Gillett A, Coleman JRI, Hanscombe K, Hagenaars S, Jermy B, Corbett A, Ballard C, Aarsland D, Creese B, Lewis CM. Latent subtypes of manic and/or irritable episode symptoms in two population-based cohorts - ERRATUM. Br J Psychiatry 2022; 220:1-2. [PMID: 35193710 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2022.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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5
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Howard DM, Pain O, Arathimos R, Barbu MC, Amador C, Walker RM, Jermy B, Adams MJ, Deary IJ, Porteous D, Campbell A, Sullivan PF, Evans KL, Arseneault L, Wray NR, Meaney M, McIntosh AM, Lewis CM. Methylome-wide association study of early life stressors and adult mental health. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 31:651-664. [PMID: 34523677 PMCID: PMC8863421 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The environment and events that we are exposed to in utero, during birth and in early childhood influence our future physical and mental health. The underlying mechanisms that lead to these outcomes are unclear, but long-term changes in epigenetic marks, such as DNA methylation, could act as a mediating factor or biomarker. DNA methylation data were assayed at 713 522 CpG sites from 9537 participants of the Generation Scotland: Scottish Family Health Study, a family-based cohort with extensive genetic, medical, family history and lifestyle information. Methylome-wide association studies of eight early life environment phenotypes and two adult mental health phenotypes (major depressive disorder and brief resilience scale) were conducted using DNA methylation data collected from adult whole blood samples. Two genes involved with different developmental pathways (PRICKLE2, Prickle Planar Cell Polarity Protein 2 and ABI1, Abl-Interactor-1) were annotated to CpG sites associated with preterm birth (P < 1.27 × 10−9). A further two genes important to the development of sensory pathways (SOBP, Sine Oculis Binding Protein Homolog and RPGRIP1, Retinitis Pigmentosa GTPase Regulator Interacting Protein) were annotated to sites associated with low birth weight (P < 4.35 × 10−8). The examination of methylation profile scores and genes and gene-sets annotated from associated CpGs sites found no evidence of overlap between the early life environment and mental health conditions. Birth date was associated with a significant difference in estimated lymphocyte and neutrophil counts. Previous studies have shown that early life environments influence the risk of developing mental health disorders later in life; however, this study found no evidence that this is mediated by stable changes to the methylome detectable in peripheral blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Howard
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Oliver Pain
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ryan Arathimos
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Miruna C Barbu
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Carmen Amador
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rosie M Walker
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Bradley Jermy
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Mark J Adams
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ian J Deary
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David Porteous
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Archie Campbell
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Patrick F Sullivan
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kathryn L Evans
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Louise Arseneault
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Naomi R Wray
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael Meaney
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrew M McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.,Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Cathryn M Lewis
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK
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6
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Martin J, Asjadi K, Hubbard L, Kendall K, Pardiñas AF, Jermy B, Lewis CM, Baune BT, Boomsma DI, Hamilton SP, Lucae S, Magnusson PK, Martin NG, McIntosh AM, Mehta D, Mors O, Mullins N, Penninx BWJH, Preisig M, Rietschel M, Jones I, Walters JTR, Rice F, Thapar A, O’Donovan M. Examining sex differences in neurodevelopmental and psychiatric genetic risk in anxiety and depression. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248254. [PMID: 34473692 PMCID: PMC8412369 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Anxiety and depression are common mental health disorders and have a higher prevalence in females. They are modestly heritable, share genetic liability with other psychiatric disorders, and are highly heterogeneous. There is evidence that genetic liability to neurodevelopmental disorders, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with anxiety and depression, particularly in females. We investigated sex differences in family history for neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders and neurodevelopmental genetic risk burden (indexed by ADHD polygenic risk scores (PRS) and rare copy number variants; CNVs) in individuals with anxiety and depression, also taking into account age at onset. We used two complementary datasets: 1) participants with a self-reported diagnosis of anxiety or depression (N = 4,178, 65.5% female; mean age = 41.5 years; N = 1,315 with genetic data) from the National Centre for Mental Health (NCMH) cohort and 2) a clinical sample of 13,273 (67.6% female; mean age = 45.2 years) patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC). We tested for sex differences in family history of psychiatric problems and presence of rare CNVs (neurodevelopmental and >500kb loci) in NCMH only and for sex differences in ADHD PRS in both datasets. In the NCMH cohort, females were more likely to report family history of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders, but there were no robust sex differences in ADHD PRS or presence of rare CNVs. There was weak evidence of higher ADHD PRS in females compared to males in the PGC MDD sample, particularly in those with an early onset of MDD. These results do not provide strong evidence of sex differences in neurodevelopmental genetic risk burden in adults with anxiety and depression. This indicates that sex may not be a major index of neurodevelopmental genetic heterogeneity, that is captured by ADHD PRS and rare CNV burden, in adults with anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Martin
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Kimiya Asjadi
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Leon Hubbard
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Kimberley Kendall
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio F. Pardiñas
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Bradley Jermy
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cathryn M. Lewis
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bernhard T. Baune
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dorret I. Boomsma
- Dept. of Biological Psychology & EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherland
| | - Steven P. Hamilton
- Psychiatry, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | | | - Patrik K. Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicholas G. Martin
- Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew M. McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Divya Mehta
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ole Mors
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niamh Mullins
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Brenda W. J. H. Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center and GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, Netherland
| | - Martin Preisig
- Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Ian Jones
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- National Centre for Mental Health, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - James T. R. Walters
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- National Centre for Mental Health, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Frances Rice
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Anita Thapar
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- National Centre for Mental Health, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Michael O’Donovan
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- National Centre for Mental Health, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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7
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Lord J, Jermy B, Green R, Wong A, Xu J, Legido-Quigley C, Dobson R, Richards M, Proitsi P. Mendelian randomization identifies blood metabolites previously linked to midlife cognition as causal candidates in Alzheimer's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2009808118. [PMID: 33879569 PMCID: PMC8072203 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2009808118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
There are currently no disease-modifying treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD), and an understanding of preclinical causal biomarkers to help target disease pathogenesis in the earliest phases remains elusive. Here, we investigated whether 19 metabolites previously associated with midlife cognition-a preclinical predictor of AD-translate to later clinical risk, using Mendelian randomization (MR) to tease out AD-specific causal relationships. Summary statistics from the largest genome-wide association studies (GWASs) for AD and metabolites were used to perform bidirectional univariable MR. Bayesian model averaging (BMA) was additionally performed to address high correlation between metabolites and identify metabolite combinations that may be on the AD causal pathway. Univariable MR indicated four extra-large high-density lipoproteins (XL.HDL) on the causal pathway to AD: free cholesterol (XL.HDL.FC: 95% CI = 0.78 to 0.94), total lipids (XL.HDL.L: 95% CI = 0.80 to 0.97), phospholipids (XL.HDL.PL: 95% CI = 0.81 to 0.97), and concentration of XL.HDL particles (95% CI = 0.79 to 0.96), significant at an adjusted P < 0.009. MR-BMA corroborated XL.HDL.FC to be among the top three causal metabolites, in addition to total cholesterol in XL.HDL (XL.HDL.C) and glycoprotein acetyls (GP). Both XL.HDL.C and GP demonstrated suggestive univariable evidence of causality (P < 0.05), and GP successfully replicated within an independent dataset. This study offers insight into the causal relationship between metabolites demonstrating association with midlife cognition and AD. It highlights GP in addition to several XL.HDLs-particularly XL.HDL.FC-as causal candidates warranting further investigation. As AD pathology is thought to develop decades prior to symptom onset, expanding on these findings could inform risk reduction strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie Lord
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 5AF, United Kingdom
| | - Bradley Jermy
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Green
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 5AF, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Wong
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, University College London, London, WC1E 7HB, United Kingdom
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 5AF, United Kingdom
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Cristina Legido-Quigley
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
- Systems Medicine, Steno Diabetes Centre Copenhagen, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Richard Dobson
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
- Health Data Research UK London, University College London, London, NW1 2DA, United Kingdom
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, NW1 2DA, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, NW1 2DA, United Kingdom
| | - Marcus Richards
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, University College London, London, WC1E 7HB, United Kingdom;
| | - Petroula Proitsi
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 5AF, United Kingdom;
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Glanville KP, Coleman JRI, Howard DM, Pain O, Hanscombe KB, Jermy B, Arathimos R, Hübel C, Breen G, O'Reilly PF, Lewis CM. Multiple measures of depression to enhance validity of major depressive disorder in the UK Biobank. BJPsych Open 2021; 7:e44. [PMID: 33541459 PMCID: PMC8058908 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2020.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The UK Biobank contains data with varying degrees of reliability and completeness for assessing depression. A third of participants completed a Mental Health Questionnaire (MHQ) containing the gold-standard Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) criteria for assessing mental health disorders. AIMS To investigate whether multiple observations of depression from sources other than the MHQ can enhance the validity of major depressive disorder (MDD). METHOD In participants who did not complete the MHQ, we calculated the number of other depression measures endorsed, for example from hospital episode statistics and interview data. We compared cases defined this way with CIDI-defined cases for several estimates: the variance explained by polygenic risk scores (PRS), area under the curve attributable to PRS, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)-based heritability and genetic correlations with summary statistics from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium MDD genome-wide association study. RESULTS The strength of the genetic contribution increased with the number of measures endorsed. For example, SNP-based heritability increased from 7% in participants who endorsed only one measure of depression, to 21% in those who endorsed four or five measures of depression. The strength of the genetic contribution to cases defined by at least two measures approximated that for CIDI-defined cases. Most genetic correlations between UK Biobank and the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium MDD study exceeded 0.7, but there was variability between pairwise comparisons. CONCLUSIONS Multiple measures of depression can serve as a reliable approximation for case status where the CIDI measure is not available, indicating sample size can be optimised using the entire suite of UK Biobank data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie P. Glanville
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Jonathan R. I. Coleman
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; and NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, King's College London, UK
| | - David M. Howard
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; and Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, UK
| | - Oliver Pain
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; and NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, King's College London, UK
| | - Ken B. Hanscombe
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; and NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, King's College London, UK
| | - Bradley Jermy
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; and NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, King's College London, UK
| | - Ryan Arathimos
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; and NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, King's College London, UK
| | - Christopher Hübel
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; and NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, King's College London, UK
| | - Gerome Breen
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; and NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, King's College London, UK
| | - Paul F. O'Reilly
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; and Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, USA
| | - Cathryn M. Lewis
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, King's College London, UK; and Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, King's College London, UK
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