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Orth LE, Ellingson AS, Azimi SF, Martinez JT, Alhadad AA, Tran BC, Allen CW, Nguyen CT, Duong T, Burkdoll JS, Yoo J, Blackmer AB, Jeffres MN. Allowable room temperature excursions for refrigerated medications: A 20-year review. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2022; 79:1296-1300. [PMID: 35451022 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/zxac118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
DISCLAIMER In an effort to expedite the publication of articles, AJHP is posting manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time. PURPOSE The aim of this review was to build upon previous literature describing the maximum duration for which refrigerated medications can tolerate room temperature excursions while maintaining stability and potency. METHODS During a 12-month period ending in June 2021, the prescribing information and published monographs from multiple pharmacy compendia were reviewed for all medications and biologic products approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for human use since January 2000. Products that were subsequently withdrawn from the US market were excluded. When temperature excursion data was unavailable in published form, product manufacturers were surveyed via telephone and/or email. Acceptable storage information for all products for which storage is recommended at temperatures below room temperature (20-25 °C [68-77 °F]) was compiled and arranged in tabular format. RESULTS Of the 705 products or formulations approved by FDA during the predefined time period, 246 were identified as requiring storage at temperatures below room temperature. After review of available prescribing information and manufacturer communications, if applicable, acceptable periods of excursion to temperatures at room temperature or higher were identified for 214 products (87%). CONCLUSION Information related to acceptable periods of room temperature excursion was compiled for a total of 214 products approved for US distribution since 2000. The included tables may increase patient safety and decrease medication loss or related expenditures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas E Orth
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO, and Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Amanda S Ellingson
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sara F Azimi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Joseph T Martinez
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Amal A Alhadad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Brenda C Tran
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Chase W Allen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Cecilia T Nguyen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Tony Duong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jordan S Burkdoll
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jenny Yoo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Allison B Blackmer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Meghan N Jeffres
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO, USA
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Fischbach PS, Barrett TD, Goyal R, Tran BC, Syed ZA, Hennan JK, Lucchesi BR. Conversion of atrial fibrillation by the experimental antiarrhythmic drug tedisamil in two canine models. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2001; 12:1138-44. [PMID: 11699522 DOI: 10.1046/j.1540-8167.2001.01138.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tedisamil is an experimental bradycardic agent possessing action potential-prolonging effects. It has been proven effective in terminating ventricular arrhythmias in several animal models and atrial flutter in a conscious dog model. There are no reports to date evaluating tedisamil's efficacy in terminating atrial fibrillation (AF). METHODS AND RESULTS Two different canine models of AF were used. One group of dogs (n = 6) was subjected to 28 days of chronic fibrillatory pacing at 50 Hz using an implantable neural stimulator. Sustained AF was achieved in all dogs within 14 days of initiating pacing. A second set of dogs (n = 5) had AF induced via bilateral vagal stimulation. Tedisamil 1 mg/kg was 100% effective in terminating AF in both models. Cardioversion was associated with a statistically significant prolongation of the fibrillatory cycle length immediately before return to normal sinus rhythm in both models. A dose-response trial was performed in the vagal AF group as well as in a second group of three dogs that underwent chronic fibrillatory pacing. The efficacy of tedisamil was dose dependent, with limited efficacy at 0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg intravenously in both models. Tedisamil was able to prevent reinduction of sustained AF 30 minutes after administration of 1 mg/kg in the chronic pacing model in all dogs. Side effects included minor hypersalivation in most dogs receiving the 1 mg/kg dose. No ventricular ectopy or arrhythmias were observed. CONCLUSION Tedisamil is effective for conversion of sustained AF to normal sinus rhythm in two different models of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Fischbach
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor 48109-0632, USA.
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