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Horst B, van Duijnen N, Janssen E, Hansen T, Ruijter E. Modular Divergent Synthesis of Indole Alkaloid Derivatives by an Atypical Ugi Multicomponent Reaction. Chemistry 2024:e202400477. [PMID: 38498145 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
We present an Ugi multicomponent approach to explore the chemical space around Aspidosperma-type monoterpene indole alkaloids. By variation of the isocyanide and carboxylic acid inputs we demonstrate the rapid generation of molecular diversity and the possibility to introduce handles for further modification. The key Ugi three-component reaction showed full diastereoselectivity towards the cis-fused ring system, which can be rationalized by DFT calculations that moreover indicate that the reaction proceeds via a Passerini-type hydrogen bonding mechanism. Several post-Ugi modifications were also performed, including Pictet-Spengler cyclization to highly complex nonacyclic natural product hybrid scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Horst
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecular & Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081, HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Niels van Duijnen
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecular & Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081, HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elwin Janssen
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecular & Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081, HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Hansen
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecular & Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081, HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eelco Ruijter
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecular & Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081, HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Preschel HD, Otte RT, Zhuo Y, Ruscoe RE, Burke AJ, Kellerhals R, Horst B, Hennig S, Janssen E, Green AP, Turner NJ, Ruijter E. Multicomponent Synthesis of the SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibitor Nirmatrelvir. J Org Chem 2023; 88:12565-12571. [PMID: 37607396 PMCID: PMC10476182 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
In the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic, it has become clear that global access to efficacious antiviral drugs will be critical to combat future outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2 or related viruses. The orally available SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitor nirmatrelvir has proven an effective treatment option for Covid-19, especially in compromised patients. We report a new synthesis of nirmatrelvir featuring a highly enantioselective biocatalytic desymmetrization (>99% ee) and a highly diastereoselective multicomponent reaction (>25:1 dr) as the key steps. Our route avoids the use of transition metals and peptide coupling reagents, resulting in an overall highly efficient and atom-economic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Daniel Preschel
- Department
of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of
Molecular & Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije
Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruben T. Otte
- Department
of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of
Molecular & Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije
Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ying Zhuo
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester,
Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United
Kingdom
| | - Rebecca E. Ruscoe
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester,
Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United
Kingdom
| | - Ashleigh J. Burke
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester,
Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United
Kingdom
| | - Rachel Kellerhals
- Department
of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of
Molecular & Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije
Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Brendan Horst
- Department
of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of
Molecular & Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije
Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sven Hennig
- Department
of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of
Molecular & Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije
Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elwin Janssen
- Department
of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of
Molecular & Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije
Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anthony P. Green
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester,
Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United
Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. Turner
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester,
Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United
Kingdom
| | - Eelco Ruijter
- Department
of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of
Molecular & Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije
Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Horst B, Verdoorn DS, Hennig S, van der Heijden G, Ruijter E. Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (-)-Limaspermidine and (-)-Kopsinine by a Nitroaryl Transfer Cascade Strategy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210592. [PMID: 36004723 PMCID: PMC9826323 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We report an intramolecular conjugate addition/Truce-Smiles/E1cb cascade of 2-nitrobenzenesulfonamide-functionalized cyclohexenones as a new entry to the core scaffold of monoterpene indole alkaloids. The method was applied to the asymmetric total synthesis of (-)-limaspermidine, (-)-kopsinilam, and (-)-kopsinine, as well as the framework of the kopsifoline alkaloids, thus highlighting its complementarity to existing approaches involving the use of indole-based starting materials or the interrupted Fischer indole synthesis. Furthermore, we show that the cascade tolerates various substituents on the nitroarene, opening the way to other natural products as well as non-natural analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Horst
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesAmsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS)De Boelelaan 11081081 HZAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Daniël S. Verdoorn
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesAmsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS)De Boelelaan 11081081 HZAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Sven Hennig
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesAmsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS)De Boelelaan 11081081 HZAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Gydo van der Heijden
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesAmsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS)De Boelelaan 11081081 HZAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Eelco Ruijter
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesAmsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS)De Boelelaan 11081081 HZAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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Horst B, Verdoorn DS, Hennig S, van der Heijden G, Ruijter E. Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (–)‐Limaspermidine and (–)‐Kopsinine by a Nitroaryl Transfer Cascade Strategy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202210592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Horst
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences NETHERLANDS
| | - Daniël S. Verdoorn
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences NETHERLANDS
| | - Sven Hennig
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences NETHERLANDS
| | | | - Eelco Ruijter
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences De Boelelaan 11081081 HZNetherlands 1081 HZ Amsterdam NETHERLANDS
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Horst B, Wanner MJ, Jørgensen SI, Hiemstra H, van Maarseveen JH. Total Synthesis of the Ortho-Hydroxylated Protoberberines ( S)-Govaniadine, ( S)-Caseamine, and ( S)-Clarkeanidine via a Solvent-Directed Pictet-Spengler Reaction. J Org Chem 2018; 83:15110-15117. [PMID: 30451502 PMCID: PMC6328280 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The common para regioselectivity in Pictet-Spengler reactions with dopamine derivatives is redirected to the ortho position by a simple change of solvents. In combination with a chiral auxiliary on nitrogen, this ortho-selective Pictet-Spengler produced the 1-benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids ( S)-crassifoline and ( S)-norcrassifoline and the bioactive 1,2-dioxygenated tetrahydroprotoberberine alkaloids ( S)-govaniadine, ( S)-caseamine, and ( S)-clarkeanidine with high enantiopurity. Ortho/para ratios up to 89:19 and diastereomeric ratios up to 85:15 were obtained during formation of the B-ring. The general applicability of this solvent-directed regioselectivity was demonstrated with a second Pictet-Spengler reaction as required for C-ring formation of caseamine (o/p = 14:86 in trifluoroethanol) and clarkeanidine (o/p = 86:14 in toluene).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Horst
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences , University of Amsterdam , Science Park 904 , 1098 XH Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Martin J Wanner
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences , University of Amsterdam , Science Park 904 , 1098 XH Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Steen Ingemann Jørgensen
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences , University of Amsterdam , Science Park 904 , 1098 XH Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Henk Hiemstra
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences , University of Amsterdam , Science Park 904 , 1098 XH Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Jan H van Maarseveen
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences , University of Amsterdam , Science Park 904 , 1098 XH Amsterdam , The Netherlands
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Wagenvoort JHT, De Brauwer EIGB, Sijstermans MLH, Horst B. Preventing Legionella spp. outgrowth by architectural redesign with modification of the cold water supply from one-way outflow to a recirculation system. J Hosp Infect 2010; 76:188-9. [PMID: 20619494 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2010.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2010] [Accepted: 05/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
A north Thai Y-haplotype database consisting of the loci DYS19, DXYS156-Y, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, and the four subsegments of DYS389 is presented. We observed 44 Y-types in 50 unrelated Thais, and the haplotype diversity was calculated to be 97.36%. No Y-types were shared with a sample of 55 Japanese, but 3 matches were found in a sample of 61 Han Chinese, and there was one Thai-German match in a larger west German sample (n = 179).
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Affiliation(s)
- B Horst
- Institut für Rechtsmedizin, Westfälische-Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
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Rolf B, Horst B, Eigel A, Sagansermsri T, Brinkmann B, Horst J. Microsatellite profiles reveal an unexpected genetic relationship between Asian populations. Hum Genet 1998; 102:647-52. [PMID: 9703426 DOI: 10.1007/s004390050757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Allelic frequencies for up to five short tandem repeat systems (HumTH01. HumVWA, HumF13B, HumCD4, HumD2111) were analyzed in seven population samples from Asia using the polymerase chain reaction and gel electrophoresis. No deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were observed. Two new alleles of the CD4 and TH01 loci were detected, and sequenced and their molecular structure is presented. A phylogenetic tree based on Thai, Han Chinese (from the northeast of China), Japanese, German and Ovambo allelic frequencies was constructed and demonstrates the close relationship of the Asian populations. Additionally, allelic frequency data for the VWA and TH01 systems were determined for the south Chinese minorities Bai, Dai and Qiang and for Koreans and compared with the above data. The Bai and Dai populations were clear outliers of the cluster of all other Asians, indicating an unexpected pattern of genetic heterogeneity of the Chinese nation. Two clusters of Asian populations could be established: the Koreans and Japanese together with the Han and Qiang Chinese, and, forming a separate cluster, the Bai and Dai populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Rolf
- Institut für Rechtsmedizin, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
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Horst B, Eigel A, Sanguansermsri T, Rolf B. Analysis of the short tandem repeat systems HumVWA and HumF13B in a population sample from northern Thailand. Int J Legal Med 1997; 110:235-7. [PMID: 9274953 DOI: 10.1007/s004140050076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Two STR systems (HumVWA, HumF13B) were analysed in a northern Thailand population sample using PCR and gel electrophoresis. No deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were observed. A rare VWA allele was detected, sequenced and the molecular structure is presented. Interpopulation comparisons revealed that the Thai allele frequencies were most similar to data from other Asian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Horst
- Institut für Rechtsmedizin, Westfälische Wilhelms Universität, Münster, Germany
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