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Uhart A, Ledeuil JB, Pecquenard B, Le Cras F, Proust M, Martinez H. Nanoscale Chemical Characterization of Solid-State Microbattery Stacks by Means of Auger Spectroscopy and Ion-Milling Cross Section Preparation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:33238-33249. [PMID: 28853552 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b07270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The current sustained demand for "smart" and connected devices has created a need for more miniaturized power sources, hence for microbatteries. Lithium-ion or "lithium-free" all-solid-state thin-film batteries are adapted solutions to this issue. The capability to carry out spatially resolved chemical analysis is fundamental for the understanding of the operation in an all-solid-state microbattery. Classically cumbersome and not straightforward techniques as TEM/STEM/EELS and FIB preparation methods could be used to address this issue. The challenge in this work is to make the characterization of Li-based material possible by coupling ion-milling cross section preparation method and AES techniques to characterize the behavior of a LiCoO2 positive electrode in an all solid state microbattery. The surface chemistry of LiCoO2 has been studied before and after LiPON deposition. Modifications of the chemical environments characteristic of the positive electrode have been reported at different steps of the electrochemical process. An original qualitative and a semiquantitative analysis has been used in this work with the peak deconvolution method based on real, certified reference spectra to better understand the lithiation/delithiation process. This original coupling has demonstrated that a full study of the pristine, cycled, and post mortem positive electrode in a microbattery is also possible. The ion-milling preparation method allows access to a large area, and the resolution of Auger analysis is highly resolved in energy to separate the lithium and the cobalt signals in an accurate way.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Uhart
- IPREM ECP - UMR CNRS 5254, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Hélioparc Pau-Pyrénées , 2 Avenue du Président Angot, Pau CEDEX 9 64053, France
| | - J B Ledeuil
- IPREM ECP - UMR CNRS 5254, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Hélioparc Pau-Pyrénées , 2 Avenue du Président Angot, Pau CEDEX 9 64053, France
| | - B Pecquenard
- CNRS, ICMCB-UPR 9048 and Bordeaux INP, Université de Bordeaux , 87 Avenue du Dr. Schweitzer, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - F Le Cras
- CEA LETI , 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes , F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - M Proust
- ST Microelectronics , 10 rue Thalès de Milet CS 97155, 37071 Tours, France
| | - H Martinez
- IPREM ECP - UMR CNRS 5254, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Hélioparc Pau-Pyrénées , 2 Avenue du Président Angot, Pau CEDEX 9 64053, France
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Dubois V, Pecquenard B, Soulé S, Martinez H, Le Cras F. Dual Cation- and Anion-Based Redox Process in Lithium Titanium Oxysulfide Thin Film Cathodes for All-Solid-State Lithium-Ion Batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:2275-2284. [PMID: 28001355 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b11987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A dual redox process involving Ti3+/Ti4+ cation species and S2-/(S2)2- anion species is highlighted in oxygenated lithium titanium sulfide thin film electrodes during lithium (de)insertion, leading to a high specific capacity. These cathodes for all-solid-state lithium-ion microbatteries are synthesized by sputtering of LiTiS2 targets prepared by different means. The limited oxygenation of the films that is induced during the sputtering process favors the occurrence of the S2-/(S2)2- redox process at the expense of the Ti3+/Ti4+ one during the battery operation, and influences its voltage profile. Finally, a perfect reversibility of both electrochemical processes is observed, whatever the initial film composition. All-solid-state lithium microbatteries using these amorphous lithiated titanium disulfide thin films and operated between 1.5 and 3.0 V/Li+/Li deliver a greater capacity (210-270 mAh g-1) than LiCoO2, with a perfect capacity retention (-0.0015% cycle-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Dubois
- CNRS, Université de Bordeaux , ICMCB UPR 9048 and Bordeaux INP, F-33600 Pessac, France
- ST Microelectronics , 16 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-37071 Tours, France
| | - Brigitte Pecquenard
- CNRS, Université de Bordeaux , ICMCB UPR 9048 and Bordeaux INP, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Samantha Soulé
- IPREM-ECP CNRS UMR 5234, Université de Pau , 2 avenue Pierre Angot, F-64053 Pau, France
| | - Hervé Martinez
- IPREM-ECP CNRS UMR 5234, Université de Pau , 2 avenue Pierre Angot, F-64053 Pau, France
| | - Frédéric Le Cras
- CEA LETI , Minatec Campus, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes , F-38000 Grenoble, France
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Cotte S, Pecquenard B, Le Cras F, Grissa R, Martinez H, Bourgeois L. Lithium-rich manganese oxide spinel thin films as 3 V electrode for lithium batteries. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.08.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Pelé V, Flamary F, Bourgeois L, Pecquenard B, Le Cras F. Perfect reversibility of the lithium insertion in FeS2: The combined effects of all-solid-state and thin film cell configurations. Electrochem commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Pecquenard B, Le Cras F, Poinot D, Sicardy O, Manaud JP. Thorough characterization of sputtered CuO thin films used as conversion material electrodes for lithium batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2014; 6:3413-3420. [PMID: 24521248 DOI: 10.1021/am4055386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
CuO thin films were prepared by radio frequency magnetron sputtering using a copper target in a (Ar + O2) reactive mixture. Different sputtering parameters were varied including oxygen flow rate, total pressure, target-substrate distance, substrate temperature and target orientation. As expected, the thin film chemical composition is strongly dependent on the oxygen flow rate. CuO thin films having a good electronic conductivity (9.3 × 10(-1) S·cm(-1)) were obtained with an oxygen concentration of 12%. The texture and the columnar growth are amplified when the target is tilted. Preliminary electrochemical results highlight that CuO thin film performances in lithium systems are tightly related to their morphology and structure.
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Ulldemolins M, Le Cras F, Pecquenard B. Memory effect highlighting in silicon anodes for high energy density lithium-ion batteries. Electrochem commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2012.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Kyeremateng NA, Dumur F, Knauth P, Pecquenard B, Djenizian T. Electropolymerization of copolymer electrolyte into titania nanotube electrodes for high-performance 3D microbatteries. Electrochem commun 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2011.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Reddy M, Pecquenard B, Vinatier P, Levasseur A. Cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic cycling characteristics of LiNiVO4 thin films during lithium insertion and re/de-insertion. Electrochem commun 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2006.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Reddy MV, Pecquenard B, Vinatier P, Levasseur A. Structural and electrochemical studies of annealed LiNiVO4 thin films. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.2569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Reddy MV, Pecquenard B, Vinatier P, Levasseur A. Effect of Substrate Temperature on Morphology and Electrochemical Performance of Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtered Lithium Nickel Vanadate Films Used as Negative Electrodes for Lithium Microbatteries. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:4301-6. [PMID: 16509727 DOI: 10.1021/jp0565554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lithium nickel vanadate thin films were prepared by radio frequency magnetron sputtering at various substrate temperatures (Ts). These thin films have been investigated as anode electrode material in the use of microbatteries. Films were characterized by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, nuclear reaction analysis, Auger electron spectroscopy, glancing-incidence X-ray diffraction analysis, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy techniques. The anodic electrochemical performances of the films have been evaluated by cyclic voltammetry at a scan rate of 1 mV/s and by galvanostatic cycling, with lithium metal as the counter and the reference electrode, and cycled in the range of 0.02-3.0 V at a current density of 75 microA/cm2. Thin films prepared at a Ts of 650 degrees C show a discharge capacity at the 20th cycle of 1100 (+/-10) mAh/g, which exhibited excellent capacity retention with a small capacity fade.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Reddy
- ICMCB-CNRS/ENSCPB, Université de Bordeaux 1, 33607 Pessac Cedex, France.
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Pecquenard B, Zavalij PY, Whittingham MS. Tetrakis(tetramethylammonium) Dihydrogendecavanadate Acetic Acid 2.8-Hydrate, [N(CH3)4]4[H2V10O28].CH3COOH.2.8H2O. Acta Crystallogr C 1998. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108270198009044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Pecquenard B, Zavalij PY, Whittingham MS. Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of a new aluminium vanadium oxide hydroxide Al2(OH)3(VO4). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1039/a709151f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Pecquenard B, Badot JC, Baffier N, Belhadj-Tahar N. Electronic Transport Properties in α and ɛ Phases of LixV2O5 Bronzes: Radio- and Microwave Frequency Dielectric Studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-396x(199702)159:2<469::aid-pssa469>3.0.co;2-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Pecquenard
- Laboratoire de Chimie Appliquée de l'Etat Solide, URA 1466 CNRS, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Didier Gourier
- Laboratoire de Chimie Appliquée de l'Etat Solide, URA 1466 CNRS, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Daniel Caurant
- Laboratoire de Chimie Appliquée de l'Etat Solide, URA 1466 CNRS, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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