Anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and biocompatibility properties of aqueous extract of Tamarindus indica L. fruit coat analyses by in-vitro and in-vivo approaches

The anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and biocompatibility nature of Tamarindus indica L. fruit coat aqueous extract were investigated in this research through in-vitro and in-vivo studies. The anti-inflammatory property was determined through albumin denaturation inhibition and antiprotease activities as up to 39.5% and 41.2% respectively at 30 mg mL-1 concentration. Furthermore, the antidiabetic activity was determined through α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition as up to 62.15% and 67.35% respectively at 30 mg mL-1 dosage. The albino mice based acute toxicity study was performed by different treatment groups (group I-V) with different dosages of aqueous extract to detect the biocompatibility of sample. Surprisingly, findings revealed that the T. indica L. fruit coat aqueous extract had no harmful impacts on any of the groups. Urine, as well as serum parameter analysis, confirmed this. Moreover, the findings of SOD (Superoxide Dismutase), GST (Glutathione-S-transferase), & CAT (Catalase) as well as glutathione peroxidase as well as reduced glutathione antioxidant enzymes studies stated that the aqueous extract possess high antioxidant ability via a dose-dependent way. These findings indicate that T. indica fruit coat aqueous extract contains medicinally important phytochemicals with anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic properties, as well as being biocompatible in nature.

Regenerative marine waste towards CaCO3 nanoformulation for Alzheimer's therapy

Alzheimer's disorder (AD) is associated with behavioural and cognitive destruction with due respect to the neurological degeneration. Conventional therapeutic approach for treatment of AD using neuroprotective drugs suffered certain limitations such as poor solubility, insufficient bioavailability, adverse side effects at higher dose and ineffective permeability on blood brain barrier (BBB). Development of nanomaterial based drug delivery system helped to overcome these barriers. Hence the present work focused on encapsulating neuroprotective drug citronellyl acetate within CaCO₃ nanoparticles to develop neuroprotective CaCO₃ nanoformulation (CA@CaCO₃ NFs). CaCO₃ was derived from marine conch shell waste, while the neuroprotective drug citronellyl acetate was scrutinized by in-silico high throughput screening. In-vitro findings revealed that CA@CaCO₃ nanoformulation exhibited enhanced free radical scavenging activity of 92% (IC₅₀ value - 29.27 ± 2.6 μg/ml), AChE inhibition of 95% (IC₅₀ value - 25.6292 ± 1.5 μg/ml) at its maximum dose (100 μg/ml). CA@CaCO₃ NFs attenuated the aggregation of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) and also disaggregated the preformed mature plaques the major risk factor for AD. Overall, the present study reveals that CaCO₃ nanoformulations exhibits potent neuroprotective potential when compared to the CaCO₃ nanoparticles alone and citronellyl acetate alone due to the sustained drug release and synergistic effect of CaCO₃ nanoparticles and citronellyl acetate depicting the fact that CaCO₃ can act as promising drug delivery system for treatment of neurodegenerative and CNS related disorders.