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Marcelino BLM, Dos Santos BL, Doerl JG, Cavalcante SF, Maia SN, Arrais NMR, Zin A, Jeronimo SMB, Queiroz C, Hedin-Pereira C, Sequerra EB. Zika virus infection histories in brain development. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm050005. [PMID: 37458166 PMCID: PMC10387348 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
An outbreak of births of microcephalic patients in Brazil motivated multiple studies on this incident. The data left no doubt that infection by Zika virus (ZIKV) was the cause, and that this virus promotes reduction in neuron numbers and neuronal death. Analysis of patients' characteristics revealed additional aspects of the pathology alongside the decrease in neuronal number. Here, we review the data from human, molecular, cell and animal model studies attempting to build the natural history of ZIKV in the embryonic central nervous system (CNS). We discuss how identifying the timing of infection and the pathways through which ZIKV may infect and spread through the CNS can help explain the diversity of phenotypes found in congenital ZIKV syndrome (CZVS). We suggest that intraneuronal viral transport is the primary mechanism of ZIKV spread in the embryonic brain and is responsible for most cases of CZVS. According to this hypothesis, the viral transport through the blood-brain barrier and cerebrospinal fluid is responsible for more severe pathologies in which ZIKV-induced malformations occur along the entire anteroposterior CNS axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna L M Marcelino
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59056-450 Natal, Brazil
| | - Brendha L Dos Santos
- Morphological Sciences Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - Rio de Janeiro, 21941-590 Rio de Janeiro,Brazil
| | - Jhulimar G Doerl
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59056-450 Natal, Brazil
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59056-450 Natal, Brazil
| | - Samantha F Cavalcante
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59056-450 Natal, Brazil
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59056-450 Natal, Brazil
| | - Sara N Maia
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59056-450 Natal, Brazil
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59056-450 Natal, Brazil
| | - Nivia M R Arrais
- Department of Pediatrics, Onofre Lopes University Hospital, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59012-300 Natal, Brazil
| | - Andrea Zin
- Clinical Research Unit, National Institute for Women's, Child and Adolescent Health Fernandes Figueira, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, 59056-450 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Selma M B Jeronimo
- Institute of Tropical Medicine of Rio Grande do Norte, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59056-450 Natal, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology of Tropical Diseases, Natal, Brazil
| | - Claudio Queiroz
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59056-450 Natal, Brazil
| | - Cecilia Hedin-Pereira
- Vice-Presidency of Research and Biological Collections (VPPCB), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eduardo B Sequerra
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59056-450 Natal, Brazil
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